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1.
Rev Neurol ; 74(3): 83-92, 2022 02 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35084733

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. This symptomatology can appear or be exacerbated with changes in routine and in the patient's usual environment. The lockdown situation during the COVID-19 pandemic has meant a drastic and unexpected change in the daily life of the general population, with a particular impact on the most physically and mentally vulnerable groups, including patients with cognitive impairment. AIM: To know the impact of lockdown measures imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic on neuropsychiatric symptomatology in people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Exploratory systematic review, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, of Pubmed and Psycinfo databases papers published from January 2020 to April 2021 which related confinement due to COVID-19 with the presentation or worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment mild or dementia. RESULTS: Worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms was observed in patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment, especially agitation/aggression, anxiety, depression and apathy. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were more common in patients with dementia than in those with mild cognitive impairment, although their typology varied depending on the severity of dementia. CONCLUSIONS: During lockdown a worsening in the psychobehavioral area has been observed in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Therefore, considerations arise on the need of promoting social contact in people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia, avoiding situations of isolation and low stimulation.


TITLE: Síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en personas con demencia relacionados con el confinamiento por la pandemia de la COVID-19. Revisión sistemática exploratoria.Introducción. En pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve y demencia, son frecuentes los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos, que pueden aparecer o exacerbarse ante los cambios en la rutina y el entorno habitual del paciente. La situación de confinamiento durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha supuesto un cambio en la vida cotidiana de la población general, con especial impacto en los grupos más vulnerables, como los pacientes con afectación cognitiva. Objetivo. Conocer la repercusión de las medidas de confinamiento y cuarentena impuestas por la pandemia de la COVID-19 en la sintomatología neuropsiquiátrica en personas con deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y demencia. Materiales y métodos. Revisión sistemática exploratoria, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, de artículos en las bases datos PubMed y PsycINFO publicados entre enero de 2020 y abril de 2021, que relacionaron el confinamiento por la COVID-19 con la presentación o el empeoramiento de síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en pacientes con DCL o con demencia. Resultados. Se observó un empeoramiento de los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en los pacientes con demencia y DCL, especialmente agitación/agresión, ansiedad, depresión y apatía. Los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos fueron más comunes en los pacientes con demencia que en los que presentaban DCL, aunque su tipología varió en función de la gravedad de la demencia. Conclusiones. Durante el confinamiento se ha objetivado un detrimento en la esfera psicoconductual en personas con DCL o demencia. Consecuentemente, surge la reflexión sobre la necesidad de fomentar el contacto social en las personas con DCL y demencia, evitando las situaciones de aislamiento y baja estimulación.


Assuntos
COVID-19/psicologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Demência/psicologia , Pandemias , Quarentena/psicologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Atividades Cotidianas , Agressão , Ansiedade/etiologia , Apatia , Argentina , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Depressão/etiologia , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Transtornos do Humor/etiologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Agitação Psicomotora/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/etiologia , Isolamento Social/psicologia , Estados Unidos
2.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr;48(3): 219-231, sep. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-577363

RESUMO

Introducción: El objetivo del artículo es realizar una revisión actualizada de las dificultades escolares de los niños y adolescentes con trastornos de X frágil. El síndrome X frágil (SXF) es la causa más frecuente de discapacidad intelectual hereditaria, así como una causa común de trastornos de aprendizaje y problemas conductuales. Se caracteriza por un fenotipo físico y un fenotipo conductual muy específicos. El SXF está causado por una mutación del gen FMRl (Fragüe X Mental Retardation), situado en la porción final del cromosoma X, locus Xq27.3. La mutación del gen produce un número anómalo de repeticiones de la tripleta CGG (Citosina-Guanina- Guanina). La mutación completa lleva consigo un estado de hipermetilación que inhibe la expresión del gen. El análisis del síndrome X frágil representa un buen modelo para determinar las relaciones entre genes y conducta. Desarrollo: El área de la lectura y la escritura en la población X frágil muestras demasiadas zonas oscuras. El número de trabajos de investigación básica y aplicada es escaso y mayoritariamente asume los patrones de comportamiento derivados de poblaciones próximas, como el síndrome Down, Autismo y síndrome Williams. Conclusión: Los principales problemas de los SXF con la lectura y la escritura tienen su origen en alteraciones de lenguaje y motoras y dificultades de integración sensorial. Nuestro trabajo pretende ampliar y sistematizar de manera orgánica algunos de los aspectos que consideramos fundamentales para mejorar la práctica educativa y la restauración de las deficiencias lectoras. En esta línea de actuación destacamos algunas estrategias metodológicas y propuestas programáticas que conviene explorar para conocer su valor pedagógico y su eficacia práctica.


Introduction: The article aims to provide an up-to-date review of the difficulties children and adolescents with fragile X disorders have in school. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent cause of hereditary intellectual disability, as well as being a common cause of learning disorders and behavioural problems. It is characterised by very specific physical and behavioural phenotypes. FXS is caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene (Fragile X Mental Retardation) located at the bottom end of the X chromosome atXq27.3. This gene mutation produces an expansion in the number of CGG (Cytosine, Guanine, Guanine) triplet repetitions. The full mutation causes a state ofhypermethylation that inhibits gene expression. Analysis of fragile X syndrome represents a good model for determining the relationship between genes and behaviour. Development: There are many grey areas in the area of reading and writing in the fragile X population. Very few basic and applied research studies are available and they mostly assume behavioural patterns derived from comparable populations such as Down syndrome, Autism, and Williams syndrome. Conclusion: The main problems FXS children have with reading and writing stem from language and motor disorders and difficulties with sensorial integration. Our work aims to broaden and to systemize some of the aspects which we consider key to improving educational practice and to overcome reading deficiencies. In this direction, we highlight some programmatic proposals and methodological strategies which should be explored for their educational value and practical effectiveness.


Assuntos
Humanos , Aprendizagem , Leitura , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/fisiopatologia , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/reabilitação , Ensino , Redação , Compreensão , Pessoas com Deficiência Mental/reabilitação
3.
Med. interna Méx ; 15(2): 61-4, mar.-abr. 1999. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-266670

RESUMO

Objetivo: analizar los resultados de la apendicectomía laparoscópica y la apendicectomía abierta para comparar y evaluar ambos procedimientos realizados por el mismo equipo médico Sede: servicio de cirugía general del Hospital Regional 1§ de octubre y practica privada en la Ciudad de México. Diseño: estudio retrospectivo, observacional, con grupo control y seguimiento longiudinal. Material y métodos: se estudiaron los expedientes clínicos de 150 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente de apendicectomía; todos procedían del servicio de urgencias con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda y se dividieron en dos grupos: uno de 75 pacientes operados por vía tradicional y otro de 75 sujetos intervenidos por apendicectomía laparoscópica. Se excluyeron del estudio pacientes con operaciones previas en hemiabdomen inferior, con alteraciones que contraindicaban la anestesia general y mujeres embarazadas. Las variables analizadas fueron las siguientes: comienzo del tratamiento por vía oral, analgésico usados, estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones transoperatorias, reintervenciones quirúrgicas, índice de conversión, resultados histopatológicos y días de incapacidad posoperatoria. Resultados: éstos no mostraron diferencias estadísticas significativas en ambos grupos. Con la laparoscopia se obtienen mejores resultados estéticos y la reincorporación a las actividades normales se da en menor tiempo, lo que se traduce en menos días de incapacidad laboral


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Apendicectomia , Apendicite/cirurgia , Tempo de Internação , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Reoperação
4.
Arch Inst Cardiol Mex ; 65(3): 237-44, 1995.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7575023

RESUMO

Between August 1988 and October 1993, 19 patients with native aortic coarctation were subjected to transluminal percutaneous balloon angioplasty, 12 of which were men (63.1%) and 7 were women (36.9%), with an average age of 22 +/- 7.7 years (r- 16 to 52), all of whom suffered from arterial hypertension at the time of the procedure, and a systolic pressure of 190 +/- 32.2 mmHg (r- 160 to 240). The gradient of the systolic pressure (GPS) was 77 +/- 0.9 mm, the average diameter of the balloon catheters that were used was 18.3 +/- 1.7 mm (r- 15 to 20). For all the patients, the procedure was carried out under local anesthesia and the usual Seldinger technique. After carrying out the procedure, the GPS as well as the blood pressure dropped to 5.0 +/- 4.1 mmHg and 130 +/- 20.6 mmHg, respectively. In similar manner, the enlargement of the ring displayed an increase of 4.2 +/- 0.9 to 14.1 +/- 1.6 mm. There were no complications in any of the procedures. During the follow-up, 11 patients were catheterized again in a period of 24.7 +/- 12.6 months (r- 10 to 48) with GPS of 5 +/- 2 mmHg. Besides, an increase of 15.4 +/- 1.2 mm in the ring's diameter was observed. In these patients, there was no evidence of the aneurysms at the dilatation site. Of the rest of the patients under control, 17 of whom have been able to maintain normal blood pressure without medical treatment, and only two required low dosages of antihypertensive treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Assuntos
Angioplastia com Balão , Coartação Aórtica/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Angioplastia com Balão/instrumentação , Angioplastia com Balão/métodos , Angioplastia com Balão/estatística & dados numéricos , Coartação Aórtica/diagnóstico , Coartação Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Aortografia , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Masculino , Recidiva , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Arch Inst Cardiol Mex ; 63(1): 53-60, 1993.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8466368

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: From Jan-21-91 to Jan-8-92 we performed percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTCM) with a Medi-tech balloon catheter (MBC) in 41 patients bearing mitral stenosis simple o predominant. We utilized an anterograde transseptal approach in order to access the mitral valve, the procedure failed in 5 patients, in 30 of them we used double MBC and single MBC were utilized in 6 patients. Both left ventriculogram and hemodynamic parameters were taken before and after PTCM. Posterior to PTCM an important decrease appeared in the mitral transvalvular gradient from 20.6 +/- 2.7 to 2.4 +/- 1.7 mmHg (p < 0.0001) and an average pressure of pulmonary artery of 46.2 +/- 9.8 to 23.9 +/- 6 mmHg (p < 0.0001), and also the pulmonary arterial resistance from 1178.1 to 557.1 dinas/cm-5/seg. There was an important concomitant increase in mitral valvular area from 0.84 +/- 0.11 to 2.38 +/- 0.08 cm2 (p < 0.0001) and in cardiac rate from 2.7 +/- 0.7 to 2.9 +/- 0.52 L/min (p < 0.001). COMPLICATIONS: Two female patients developed cardiac tamponade, one of them the procedure was successful, and for the other it was decided to submit her to valvular replacement. Mitral insufficiency was present in three patients; GI/IV in two of them and GII/IV angiographic in one. Another patient presented cerebral thromboembolism with complete recovery within 15 days. Short left to right shunt was detected only in 8 patients being 1.2/1 in 6 of them, 1.3/1 in one and 1.4/1 in other patient. Thirty three uncomplicated were dismissed within a maximum of 48 hours after procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentação , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Cineangiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Mitral/epidemiologia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Radiografia Intervencionista
8.
Arch Inst Cardiol Mex ; 51(2): 173-7, 1981.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7247584

RESUMO

It is described the surgical interruption of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in ten premature newborn patients with cardiac insufficiency and/or respiratory distress syndrome. The authors mention the technical factors that they consider important to have good results with these fragile infants, as the use of local anesthesia; to perform the procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit, the extrapleural dissection of the ductus, etc. The post-operative care problems are analyzed and this experience is compared with reports from other authors.


Assuntos
Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/cirurgia , Doenças do Prematuro/cirurgia , Anestesia Local , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Humanos , Doença da Membrana Hialina/complicações , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Ligadura , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/complicações , Risco
9.
Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Méx ; 51(2): 173-7, 1981.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-5525

RESUMO

Se describe el procedimiento quirurgico utilizado para ligar el conducto arterioso en diez ninos prematuros con insuficiencia cardiaca y/o respiratoria. Los autores hacen enfasis en aquellos factores tecnicos que consideran de mayor importancia para lograr buenos resultados con el labilidad homeostatica, como son: el uso de anestesia local para la toracotomia, operarlos en su propia incubadora, hacer diseccion extrapleural y otros. Se analiza el cuidado postoperatorio haciendo enfasis en las complicaciones mas frecuentes y su manejo, se compara la experiencia con la obtenida por otros autores


Assuntos
Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial , Cirurgia Torácica , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido
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