RESUMO
One of the leading causes of autoimmune myocardial lesion in patients with myocarditis is disbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, leading to the loss of functional tolerance to certain myocardial autoantibodies, and activation of autoreactive T-lymphocytes, which are able of myocardial cytotoxicity. The authors have conducted studies, which have shown that malignant myocarditis is characterized by abrupt increase of TNF-alfa and IFN-alfa basal serum levels, while at the same stage of the disease in patients with benign myocarditis only moderate increase of TNF-alfa level is observed, and IFN-alfa concentration is within normal limits. Abrupt increase of the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes, activated by IL-2 (LAK-cells), is a feature of malignant myocarditis. In this category of patients the studies have found pronounced disbalance between cytokine serum levels, with abruptly increased levels of both cytokines which activate cytotoxic reactions (TNF-alfa, IFN-alfa, IL-1 alfa, IL-1 beta, IL-12), and cytokines which stimulate humoral immunity (IL-4 and IL-6), and increase of antimyocardial autoantibody concentration. Further research into the role of cytokines in myocarditis pathogenesis would allow grounded cytokinotherapy and application of immunomodulators, activating cytokine production.
Assuntos
Citocinas , Miocardite/diagnóstico , Miocardite/tratamento farmacológico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Citocinas/biossíntese , Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Miocardite/sangue , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
AIM: To study possible immunogenetic HLA markers of chronic viral hepatitides. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the reaction of complement-dependent cytotoxicity by Terasaki, we analysed distribution of leukocytic HLA antigens (loci A, B and C) in 179 patients with chronic viral hepatitides B, C and D in Russians and Kazakhs living in the Astrakhan Region. RESULTS: In the Russian population we discovered a significant positive association of CVHB with HLA-B18, HLA-B35, HLA-B40, HLA-Cw3 antigens, and negative one--with HLA-A2. In Kazakhs with CVHB there was a positive association with HLA-A3, HLA-B18 and negative one--with HLA-A11. Alleles HLA-A10, HLA-B35, HLA-B40 and HLA-Cw3 mark CVHC in Russians. HLA-Cw4 specificity acts as protector in development of chronic HCV-infection. A correlation was found between carriage of some specificities and haplotypes of HLA and activity of chronic HBV and HCV infection. A high risk of chronic delta infection in Russians is associated with HLA-B8 and HLA-B35, in Kazakhs--with HLA-B35 and HLA-D40. There are significant associations between CVHB, CVHC, chronic delta infection and some HLA haplotypes. CONCLUSION: A universal role of HLA-B35 specificity in development of CVH irrespective of hepatotropic virus and patients' nationality is shown.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/etnologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/imunologia , Doença Crônica , Antígenos HLA-C/imunologia , Hepatite A/etnologia , Hepatite A/imunologia , Hepatite B/etnologia , Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite C/etnologia , Hepatite C/imunologia , Hepatite D/etnologia , Hepatite D/imunologia , Humanos , Cazaquistão , Federação RussaRESUMO
AIM: To elucidate the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interferon alpha (INF alpha) in pathogenesis of infectious-immune myocarditis (M) and myocarditic cardiosclerosis (MCS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with infectious-immune myocarditis (n=27) and myocarditic cardiosclerosis with symptoms of heart failure (n=19). Blood levels of TNF alpha and INF alpha were measured by immune enzyme analysis. RESULTS: Mean levels of INF alpha and TNF alpha in patients with M (75+/-47 and 304+/-102 rg/ml respectively) were significantly higher than in patients with MCS and healthy donors (31+/-14 and 83+/-39; 38+/-18 95+/-58 rg/ml, respectively, p<0.05). Levels of INF alpha and TNF alpha significantly differed between patients with benign and malignant course of M (99+/-46 and 354+/-100; 39+/-10 227+/-42 rg/ml, p<0.05). Phytohemagglutinine induced TNF alpha production by leucocytes in patients with malignant M (1432+/-515 rg/ml) was higher (p<0.05) while in patients with benign M (131+/-54 rg/ml) lower (p<0.01) than in healthy donors (255+/-98 rg/ml). Patients with malignant compared with those with benign course of myocarditis had lower ejection fraction (25.9+/-12.1 and 42.5+/-11,2%, respectively, p<0.003) and higher inhospital mortality (16.6 and 0%, respectively). CONCLUSION: It is most probable that factors of regulation of INF alpha and TNF alpha production occupy an import place among mechanisms of malignant transformation of myocarditis.
Assuntos
Miocardite , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Humanos , Interferon-alfaRESUMO
Cells of the nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum 252 and its hemagglutination-deficient mutant strain 252/7 were found to possess the activities of a variety of hydrolytic enzymes. The agglutinin proteins of rhizobia diminished beta-glucosidase activity, pectinolytic activity, and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities while completely inhibiting proteolytic enzyme activity in the bacterial cell. The results here show that rhizobial agglutinins are capable of affecting enzyme functioning in Rhizobium.