RESUMO
Hematologic diseases are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that affect people worldwide such as leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myelomas. The aim of this study was to characterize the frequency of hematological diseases in the population of Arica, Chile (18°S, 70°W), between 2011 and 2014. A total of 108 cases of hematologic malignancies were registered at Dr. Juan Noé Crevani Regional Hospital in this period; 40 male and 52 female cases were included in this retrospective and descriptive analysis. The overall median age at diagnosis for hematological malignancies was 59 years (range, 17 to 96 years). The results indicated that the frequency of hematological diseases such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia was not associated with sex, ethnicity and type of disease. However, in 2012 there was an increased number of cases of Hodgkin lymphoma compared with any other year in the study, whereas the number of multiple myeloma cases decreased between 2011 and 2014. No significant differences were observed among different types of disease, nor among the types of leukemia. However, when intervals of age were considered, it was revealed that patients >75 years had the highest incidence of hematological malignancies, mainly multiple myeloma, compared with other age groups. However, young adults were more commonly diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma than other disease types. A non-significant difference was observed in leukemia between 2011 and 2014 when sex was taken into consideration, in which the incidence rate was higher in females compared with males. Hodgkin lymphoma was most commonly at stage II and non-Hodgkin lymphoma was most commonly at stage IV. No significant differences were observed between the nodal and extranodal type, mixed cellularity and nodular sclerosis or in the morphology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell type. Overall, there was a decrease in the frequency of hematological malignancies between 2011 and 2014, but no significant differences were observed in males or females. This study provided for the first time the pattern and distribution of hematological diseases in Arica, Chile.
RESUMO
Introducción: el trauma facial es una de las urgencias más frecuentes del servicio de otorrinolaringología y cirugía maxilofacial. El tratamiento debe ser dirigido a identificar la causa y el tipo de fractura e implica que puede ser conservador o quirúrgico. Objetivo: describir la experiencia clínica y diagnóstica de las fracturas mandibulares en el servicio de otorrinolaringología y cirugía maxilofacial del Hospital San José de Bogotá entre 2014 y 2018. Diseño: estudio observacional descriptivo. Metodología: Se reclutó una cohorte de pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura mandibular en el Hospital de San José entre 2014 a 2018. Se describieron las principales características clínicas y demográficas, hallazgos imagenológicos, tipo de fractura, tratamiento, complicaciones y recidivas. Resultados: se incluyeron 25 casos de pacientes con fractura mandibular durante el período descrito. El 72 % de los pacientes fueron del sexo masculino, con edad promedio de 32 (DS 11,23) años. Con etiología por: caídas, la más frecuente (40 %), accidente de tránsito (32 %) y riña callejera (16 %). Las regiones anatómicas comprometidas con mayor frecuencia fueron el cóndilo (20 %), ángulo (12 %) y el área parasinfisiaria (12 %). El manejo quirúrgico estuvo presente en el 56 % de los pacientes, en los que se utilizó el abordaje oral en el 100 % de los casos. Conclusión: las fracturas mandibulares son frecuentes en hombres y comprometen con mayor frecuencia al cóndilo de la mandíbula. Según el tipo de fractura y el grado de compromiso, el manejo puede ser conservador o quirúrgico. Con baja frecuencia en complicaciones y recidiva.
Introduction: facial trauma is one of the most frequent emergencies of the otolaryngology and maxillofacial surgery service..Treatment should be aimed at identifying the cause and type of fracture and imply that it can be conservative and surgical to provide adequate knowledge and management for this type of pathology. Objective: to describe the experience in the conservative and surgical management of fractures. mandibular in the otolaryngology and maxillofacial surgery department of the San José Hospital in Bogotá between 2014 and 2018. Design: descriptive study. Methods: a cohort of patients with a diagnosis of mandibular fracture was enrolled at the Hospital de San José between 2014 and 2018. The main clinical and demographic characteristics, imaging findings, type of fracture, treatment, complications and recurrences were describe. Results: 25 cases of patients with mandibular fracture were included during the period described.72 % of the patients were men, with an average age of 32.32 years (DS11.23). With etiology due to falls, the most frequent cases (40 %), followed by traffic accidents (32 %) and street disputes (16 %) The anatomical regions frequently compromised are: the condyle (20 %), angle (12 %), parasinfisiary (12 %). Surgical treatment was present in 56 % of these patients, 100 % oral approach was used. Conclusion: mandibular fractures are common in men, and most often compromise the jaw condyle. Depending on the type of fracture and the degree of commitment, the treatment can be conservative or surgical. With low frequency in complications and recurrence.