RESUMO
Leptospirosis is caused by spirochete bacteria of the genus Leptospira and is considered the most widespread zoonosis worldwide. It is an important agent that causes animal production to decrease. In cattle, it affects especially the reproductive tract. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp., molecularly detect the bacteria in tissues of aborted fetuses, and identify the main risk factors associated with infection in cattle in dairy farms in Western Paraná. For this purpose, 600 bovine serum samples from 60 properties and 17 bovine fetuses from nine properties were collected. Data about the properties were also collected through an epidemiological questionnaire to assess the main risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. infection. The serum samples were analyzed using microscopic agglutination test (MAT), and the fetal tissues using nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR). Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in dairy cattle in Western Paraná was 39.83% (239/600) and none of the analyzed fetuses were positive for Leptospira spp. The main risk factors identified are related to the production system, reproductive management, and the presence of dogs on the property. Leptospira spp. infection is widely spread in the cattle population in Western Paraná.(AU)
A leptospirose tem como agente as bactérias espiroquetas do gênero Leptospira e é considerada a zoonose mais difundida pelo mundo. É um importante agente que causa diminuição da produção animal, sendo que nos bovinos ela acomete especialmente o trato reprodutivo. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a soroprevalência de Leptospira spp., detectar molecularmente a bactéria em tecidos de fetos abortados e identificar os principais fatores de risco associados à infecção em bovinos provenientes de propriedades leiteiras da região Oeste do Paraná. Para isso, foram coletadas 600 amostras de soro bovino provenientes de 60 propriedades e 17 fetos bovinos de nove propriedades. A partir de um questionário epidemiológico, também foram coletados dados das propriedades para avaliar os principais fatores de risco associados à infecção por Leptospira spp. As amostras de soro foram analisadas pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) e os tecidos fetais por meio da Dupla Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (nested-PCR). A soroprevalência de Leptospira spp. em bovinos leiteiros da região Oeste do Paraná foi de 39,83% (239/600). Nenhum feto analisado apresentou resultado positivo para Leptospira spp. Os principais fatores de risco identificados estão relacionados ao perfil de produção, manejo reprodutivo e a presença de cães na propriedade. A infecção por Leptospira spp. está amplamente distribuída na população bovina da região Oeste do estado do Paraná.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos/microbiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Brasil , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Leptospira/patogenicidadeRESUMO
This study investigated the occurrence of selected pathogens of bovine respiratory disease in fetal pulmonary tissue of cattle and associated these with patterns of disease. Fetal pulmonary (n = 37) tissues were evaluated by histopathology; immunohistochemical assays identified intralesional antigens of bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and Mycoplasma bovis. Molecular assays were performed to amplify reproductive disease pathogens and bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6) from 12 lungs. The 2 patterns of pulmonary diseases were interstitial pneumonia (12/37) and suppurative bronchopneumonia (1/37). The frequency of the intralesional antigens identified was BRSV (16.2%; 6/37), BVDV (13.5%; 5/37), BoAHV1 (8.1%; 3/37), M. bovis (5.4%; 2/37), and BPIV-3 (2.7%; 1/37). Interstitial pneumonia was associated with BRSV (n = 3), BoAHV1 (n = 3), and BVDV (n = 2); suppurative bronchopneumonia contained a Gram-positive bacterium and BVDV and BRSV. Reproductive pathogens detected included Leptospira spp., (n = 3), BVDV, Neospora caninum, and Brucella abortus (n = 2). BoGHV6 DNA was identified in the lungs of two fetuses with interstitial pneumonia. These findings suggest that these fetuses were infected transplacentally by several pathogens. The role of some of these pathogens herein identified must be further elucidated in the possible participation of fetal disease.
RESUMO
The bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex is a multietiological and multifactorial disease associated with a wide range of viral and bacterial pathogens. This study evaluated the contribution of specific infectious disease agents in the development of BRD in cattle from Brazil and determined if a virus within the malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV) group and Mycoplasma bovis, acting individually or in conjunction, can be associated with the development of BRD. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pulmonary sections were used in immunohistochemical assays to determine the intralesional presence of six antigens associated with BRD: bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), MCFV, and M. bovis. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 82.7% (120/145) of all cattle evaluated. Interstitial pneumonia (60%, 72/120) and suppurative bronchopneumonia (25.8%, 31/120) were the most frequent patterns of pneumonia identified. Intralesional antigens of MCFV (53.3%, 64/120) were the most frequently associated with BRD, followed by M. bovis (47.5%, 57/120), BVDV (42.5%, 51/120), BoHV-1 (28.3%, 34/120), BRSV (24.2%, 29/120), and BPIV-3 (8.3%, 10/120). Additionally, antigens of BVDV, MCFV, and M. bovis were the most frequently identified agents associated with singular and concomitant infections. The MCFV identified during this study is more likely to be ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), since OvHV-2 is the only MCFV identified within the geographical region of this study. Interstitial pneumonia with proliferative vascular lesions may be a useful histologic feature to differentiate MCFV-induced pneumonia from other viral pneumonias of cattle. These results demonstrate that MCFV and M. bovis, in single or mixed infections, can produce pneumonia in cattle and should therefore be considered as primary agents in the development of BRD.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibodies and DNA of Leptospira spp. isolated from infected cattle in a small rural dairy farm in a border region between Brazil and Paraguay. Blood and urine samples were collected from 50 Holstein cows aged between 1 and 15 years. The diagnostic tests performed were microscopic serum agglutination for antibody detection and polymerase chain reaction for Leptospira spp. detection. Out of the samples analyzed, 48% were MAT positive with titers ranging from 100 to 400, and the most prevalent antibody was to the serovar Hardjo. One serum sample was amplified to 549 bp for the sec y gene, and sequencing identified it as L. interrogans. This is the first report from northwestern Paraná (PR) State of L. interrogans identification in naturally infected milk cattle. Thus, based on these results, to enhance production efficiency, new serological and molecular studies on dairy cattle from border regions are required to characterize the epidemiology of possible genotypes and their consequences in affected herds.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar anticorpos e DNA de Leptospira spp. em uma propriedade rural leiteira de uma região fronteiriça entre Brasil e Paraguai. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue e urina de 50 animais da raça Holandesa com idade variando de um a quinze anos, de uma pequena propriedade rural de exploração leiteira em uma região de fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai. Quanto aos diferentes diagnósticos foi utilizado a soroaglutinação microscópica para a detecção de anticorpos e também foi realizada a reação em cadeia pela polimerase para a detecção de DNA de Leptospira spp. Das amostras analisadas, 48,00% foram soro reagentes na SAM com títulos variando de 100 a 400 e o anticorpo contra o sorovar mais prevalente foi o Hardjo. Uma amostra de soro amplificou 549pb para o gene sec y, e no sequenciamento foi identificada como Leptospira interrogans. Este é o primeiro relato da região noroeste do estado do Paraná (PR) relacionado à identificação de L. interrogans de bovinos de leite naturalmente infectados e em virtude dos resultados deste trabalho são necessários novos estudos sorológicos e moleculares em criações de gado de leite de regiões fronteiriças para se caracterizar a epidemiologia dos possíveis genótipos e suas possíveis consequências nos rebanhos afetados visando sempre à eficiência da produção.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Leptospira interrogans/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos , Áreas de Fronteira , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Leptospirose/imunologia , Leptospirose/veterináriaRESUMO
The thermodimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a deep mycosis endemic in Latin American countries that affects mainly male rural workers. Infection by P. brasiliensis has also been reported in several species of terrestrial animals; however, the capacity of the fungus to infect aquatic organisms is poorly known. The aim of this study was to detect P. brasiliensis in a fish species, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), the most farmed and widely distributed fish in endemic areas for human PCM in Brazil. As a first step, the humoral immune response against the fungus was evaluated in an experimental group of three fish immunized with inactivated P. brasiliensis yeast cells. For the seroepidemiological study, serum samples of Nile tilapia raised in cages (n = 109) and in ponds (n = 105), collected from a fish slaughterhouse, were analyzed for P. brasiliensis antibodies by ELISA using gp43 as antigen. All the inoculated fish produced antibodies against the fungus. The seropositivity observed in fish raised in cages and ponds was 17.4 and 5.7%, respectively. Due to the higher seropositivity observed in caged fish, 100 tissue samples (encephalon, liver, and kidney), from another group of tilapia raised in cages, were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR; Pb-ITSR and Pb-ITSE). Three tissue samples (liver n = 1, kidney n = 1, and enchepahlon n = 1) from three different fish resulted positive to PCR. This is the first report to show serological and molecular evidence of P. brasiliensis infection in a fish species.
Assuntos
Aquicultura , Ciclídeos/imunologia , Ciclídeos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Imunização/veterinária , Paracoccidioidomicose/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antifúngicos/sangue , Antígenos de Fungos/imunologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Imunidade Humoral , Imunização/métodos , Paracoccidioides/genética , Paracoccidioides/patogenicidade , Paracoccidioidomicose/imunologia , Paracoccidioidomicose/prevenção & controle , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
The etiology and pathologic findings of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in adult dairy cows (n = 35) from a commercial dairy herd in Southern Brazil were investigated. Pulmonary samples were examined for histopathologic patterns and specific features within these patterns, while immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were designed to detect the intralesional antigens of viral infectious disease agents and Mycoplasma bovis. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 91.4% (32/35) of these cases; neither pneumonia nor any of the infectious disease pathogens evaluated occurred in three cows. The presence of multiple respiratory pathogens in 75% (24/32) of these cases indicated the complex origin of pneumonia in cattle. Interstitial pneumonia, necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia and suppurative bronchopneumonia were the principal patterns of pulmonary disease identified by histopathology. The most frequent pathogens identified by IHC were bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV; n = 18), M. bovis (n = 16) and bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1; n = 14), followed by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV; n = 11) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3; n = 5). Obliterative bronchiolitis and peribronchial lymphocytic cuffings were the characteristic histopathologic features associated with M. bovis. Necrohemorrhagic bronchitis with bronchial angiogenesis was associated with BoHV-1. Necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis were associated with BVDV, BoHV-1 and BRSV. Ballooning degeneration of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia was associated with BRSV and BoHV-1. This is the first report from Brazil that correlated the histopathologic findings of BRD with the associated infectious disease agents by immunohistochemistry. M. bovis was frequently detected in the tissues of cows with fatal pulmonary disease during this study and may be a possible primary disease pathogen associated with the development of BRD in dairy cows. Additionally, the histopathologic features identified within patterns of pulmonary disease during this investigation may be an efficient diagnostic tool to associate histopathologic findings with specific agents of BRD in dairy cows.
Assuntos
Complexo Respiratório Bovino/virologia , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Mycoplasma bovis/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Bovina/isolamento & purificação , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Complexo Respiratório Bovino/diagnóstico , Brasil , Bovinos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/imunologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Bovina/imunologia , Transtornos Respiratórios/veterinária , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/imunologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibodies and DNA of Leptospira spp. isolated from infected cattle in a small rural dairy farm in a border region between Brazil and Paraguay. Blood and urine samples were collected from 50 Holstein cows aged between 1 and 15 years. The diagnostic tests performed were microscopic serum agglutination for antibody detection and polymerase chain reaction for Leptospira spp. detection. Out of the samples analyzed, 48% were MAT positive with titers ranging from 100 to 400, and the most prevalent antibody was to the serovar Hardjo. One serum sample was amplified to 549 bp for the sec y gene, and sequencing identified it as L. interrogans. This is the first report from northwestern Paraná (PR) State of L. interrogans identification in naturally infected milk cattle. Thus, based on these results, to enhance production efficiency, new serological and molecular studies on dairy cattle from border regions are required to characterize the epidemiology of possible genotypes and their consequences in affected herds.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar anticorpos e DNA de Leptospira spp. em uma propriedade rural leiteira de uma região fronteiriça entre Brasil e Paraguai. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue e urina de 50 animais da raça Holandesa com idade variando de um a quinze anos, de uma pequena propriedade rural de exploração leiteira em uma região de fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai. Quanto aos diferentes diagnósticos foi utilizado a soroaglutinação microscópica para a detecção de anticorpos e também foi realizada a reação em cadeia pela polimerase para a detecção de DNA de Leptospira spp. Das amostras analisadas, 48,00% foram soro reagentes na SAM com tÃtulos variando de 100 a 400 e o anticorpo contra o sorovar mais prevalente foi o Hardjo. Uma amostra de soro amplificou 549pb para o gene sec y, e no sequenciamento foi identificada como Leptospira interrogans. Este é o primeiro relato da região noroeste do estado do Paraná (PR) relacionado à identificação de L. interrogans de bovinos de leite naturalmente infectados e em virtude dos resultados deste trabalho são necessários novos estudos sorológicos e moleculares em criações de gado de leite de regiões fronteiriças para se caracterizar a epidemiologia dos possÃveis genótipos e suas possÃveis consequências nos rebanhos afetados visando sempre à eficiência da produção.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibodies and DNA of Leptospira spp. isolated from infected cattle in a small rural dairy farm in a border region between Brazil and Paraguay. Blood and urine samples were collected from 50 Holstein cows aged between 1 and 15 years. The diagnostic tests performed were microscopic serum agglutination for antibody detection and polymerase chain reaction for Leptospira spp. detection. Out of the samples analyzed, 48% were MAT positive with titers ranging from 100 to 400, and the most prevalent antibody was to the serovar Hardjo. One serum sample was amplified to 549 bp for the sec y gene, and sequencing identified it as L. interrogans. This is the first report from northwestern Paraná (PR) State of L. interrogans identification in naturally infected milk cattle. Thus, based on these results, to enhance production efficiency, new serological and molecular studies on dairy cattle from border regions are required to characterize the epidemiology of possible genotypes and their consequences in affected herds.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar anticorpos e DNA de Leptospira spp. em uma propriedade rural leiteira de uma região fronteiriça entre Brasil e Paraguai. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue e urina de 50 animais da raça Holandesa com idade variando de um a quinze anos, de uma pequena propriedade rural de exploração leiteira em uma região de fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai. Quanto aos diferentes diagnósticos foi utilizado a soroaglutinação microscópica para a detecção de anticorpos e também foi realizada a reação em cadeia pela polimerase para a detecção de DNA de Leptospira spp. Das amostras analisadas, 48,00% foram soro reagentes na SAM com tÃtulos variando de 100 a 400 e o anticorpo contra o sorovar mais prevalente foi o Hardjo. Uma amostra de soro amplificou 549pb para o gene sec y, e no sequenciamento foi identificada como Leptospira interrogans. Este é o primeiro relato da região noroeste do estado do Paraná (PR) relacionado à identificação de L. interrogans de bovinos de leite naturalmente infectados e em virtude dos resultados deste trabalho são necessários novos estudos sorológicos e moleculares em criações de gado de leite de regiões fronteiriças para se caracterizar a epidemiologia dos possÃveis genótipos e suas possÃveis consequências nos rebanhos afetados visando sempre à eficiência da produção.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibodies and DNA of Leptospira spp. isolated from infected cattle in a small rural dairy farm in a border region between Brazil and Paraguay. Blood and urine samples were collected from 50 Holstein cows aged between 1 and 15 years. The diagnostic tests performed were microscopic serum agglutination for antibody detection and polymerase chain reaction for Leptospira spp. detection. Out of the samples analyzed, 48% were MAT positive with titers ranging from 100 to 400, and the most prevalent antibody was to the serovar Hardjo. One serum sample was amplified to 549 bp for the sec y gene, and sequencing identified it as L. interrogans. This is the first report from northwestern Paraná (PR) State of L. interrogans identification in naturally infected milk cattle. Thus, based on these results, to enhance production efficiency, new serological and molecular studies on dairy cattle from border regions are required to characterize the epidemiology of possible genotypes and their consequences in affected herds.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar anticorpos e DNA de Leptospira spp. em uma propriedade rural leiteira de uma região fronteiriça entre Brasil e Paraguai. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue e urina de 50 animais da raça Holandesa com idade variando de um a quinze anos, de uma pequena propriedade rural de exploração leiteira em uma região de fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai. Quanto aos diferentes diagnósticos foi utilizado a soroaglutinação microscópica para a detecção de anticorpos e também foi realizada a reação em cadeia pela polimerase para a detecção de DNA de Leptospira spp. Das amostras analisadas, 48,00% foram soro reagentes na SAM com títulos variando de 100 a 400 e o anticorpo contra o sorovar mais prevalente foi o Hardjo. Uma amostra de soro amplificou 549pb para o gene sec y, e no sequenciamento foi identificada como Leptospira interrogans. Este é o primeiro relato da região noroeste do estado do Paraná (PR) relacionado à identificação de L. interrogans de bovinos de leite naturalmente infectados e em virtude dos resultados deste trabalho são necessários novos estudos sorológicos e moleculares em criações de gado de leite de regiões fronteiriças para se caracterizar a epidemiologia dos possíveis genótipos e suas possíveis consequências nos rebanhos afetados visando sempre à eficiência da produção.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Leptospira interrogans/imunologia , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Leptospirose/imunologia , Leptospirose/veterinária , Áreas de FronteiraRESUMO
This report presents the pathologic findings associated with disseminated infection due to Cladosporium halotolerans in a dog that was simultaneously infected with canine adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) and canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2). A 12-year-old, mixed breed dog, with a clinical history of neurological manifestations was submitted for routine autopsy due to poor prognosis. The principal pathologic findings were mycotic necrotizing nephritis, hepatitis, and splenitis with embolic dissemination to the brain resulting in mycotic necrotizing meningoencephalitis, ventriculitis, choroid plexitis, and obstructive hydrocephalus associated with intralesional and intravascular septate pigmented fungi. PCR and sequencing of the ITS region of fungi revealed that the intralesional fungal organisms had 82% nucleotide identity with members of the Cladosporium sphaerospermum complex of organisms. However, a PCR assay and sequencing of the beta tubulin gene confirmed that the organism identified in this dog had 100% nucleotide sequence identity with C. halotolerans. Using immunohistochemistry, intralesional antigens of CAdV-1 were identified within the epithelial cells of the liver and lungs; there was positive immunolabeling for CPV-2 antigens in degenerated cardiomyocytes. These findings confirmed the active participation of C. halotolerans in the development of disseminated cladosporiosis in this dog and represent a rare occurrence of concomitant infection with CAdV-1 and CPV-2.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Adenovirus Caninos/isolamento & purificação , Cladosporium/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/virologia , Micoses/veterinária , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus Canino/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Adenoviridae/virologia , Adenovirus Caninos/classificação , Adenovirus Caninos/genética , Animais , Cladosporium/classificação , Cladosporium/genética , Coinfecção/microbiologia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Coinfecção/virologia , Cães , Melaninas/metabolismo , Micoses/microbiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Parvovirus Canino/classificação , Parvovirus Canino/genéticaRESUMO
Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are diseases that may affect man and domestic and wild animals. They also have wide geographical distributions and thus cause large public health issues. The objective of the current study was to conduct leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis seroepidemiology in horses used for animal traction in small rural propertiesof the municipality of Umuarama, in northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 312 horses from 87 small farms. Microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) analysis were performed on sera to detect leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis, respectively. These were performed in conjunction with an epidemiological questionnaire. The MAT results included 180 (57.69%) samples that were considered reactive with titers between 100 and 12800 for one or more serovars. Thirty-three (10.57%) samples subjected to IIF were considered reactive, with titers ranging between 64 and 1024. From the analyzed variables, contact with wild animals (p= 0.012) and animal exchange between properties (p = 0.004) were associated with toxoplasma infection. The study revealed that horses in the northwestern region of Paraná were exposed to Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, with an insignificant implication of the animals clinical condition; however, since it is possible for animals to transmit...(AU)
A leptospirose e a toxoplasmose são enfermidades de ampla distribuição geográfica e podem acometer o homem, animais domésticos e selvagens que causam elevados problemas para a saúde pública. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a soroepidemiologia da leptospirose e toxoplasmose em equinos utilizados como tração animal de pequenas propriedades rurais do município de Umuarama, região noroeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 312 equinos de 87 pequenas propriedades rurais. Para detectar a leptospirose e toxoplasmose os soros foram submetidos às técnicas de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) e imunofluorescencia indireta (IFI) respectivamente associada ao preenchimento de um questionário epidemiológico. Na SAM, 180 (57,69%) amostras foram consideradas reagentes apresentando títulos entre 100 e 12800, para um ou mais sorovares. Na IFI, 33 (10,57%) amostras foram consideradas reagentes com títulos de 64 a 1024. Em relação às variáveis analisadas, o contato com animais selvagens (p= 0,012) e troca de animais entre propriedades (p= 0,004) foram associados à infecção toxoplásmica. O estudo revela que os equinos da região noroeste do Paraná estão expostos a Leptospira spp. e ao Toxoplasma gondii, tendo uma implicação insignificante relacionado ao aspecto clínico destes animais, porém podendo ser considerados um problema para a saúde única, pois, os...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos/sangue , Leptospirose/sangue , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/veterinária , Toxoplasmose Animal/sangue , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores de Risco , Zoonoses , BrasilRESUMO
Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are diseases that may affect man and domestic and wild animals. They also have wide geographical distributions and thus cause large public health issues. The objective of the current study was to conduct leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis seroepidemiology in horses used for animal traction in small rural propertiesof the municipality of Umuarama, in northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 312 horses from 87 small farms. Microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) analysis were performed on sera to detect leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis, respectively. These were performed in conjunction with an epidemiological questionnaire. The MAT results included 180 (57.69%) samples that were considered reactive with titers between 100 and 12800 for one or more serovars. Thirty-three (10.57%) samples subjected to IIF were considered reactive, with titers ranging between 64 and 1024. From the analyzed variables, contact with wild animals (p= 0.012) and animal exchange between properties (p = 0.004) were associated with toxoplasma infection. The study revealed that horses in the northwestern region of Paraná were exposed to Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, with an insignificant implication of the animals clinical condition; however, since it is possible for animals to transmit...
A leptospirose e a toxoplasmose são enfermidades de ampla distribuição geográfica e podem acometer o homem, animais domésticos e selvagens que causam elevados problemas para a saúde pública. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a soroepidemiologia da leptospirose e toxoplasmose em equinos utilizados como tração animal de pequenas propriedades rurais do município de Umuarama, região noroeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 312 equinos de 87 pequenas propriedades rurais. Para detectar a leptospirose e toxoplasmose os soros foram submetidos às técnicas de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) e imunofluorescencia indireta (IFI) respectivamente associada ao preenchimento de um questionário epidemiológico. Na SAM, 180 (57,69%) amostras foram consideradas reagentes apresentando títulos entre 100 e 12800, para um ou mais sorovares. Na IFI, 33 (10,57%) amostras foram consideradas reagentes com títulos de 64 a 1024. Em relação às variáveis analisadas, o contato com animais selvagens (p= 0,012) e troca de animais entre propriedades (p= 0,004) foram associados à infecção toxoplásmica. O estudo revela que os equinos da região noroeste do Paraná estão expostos a Leptospira spp. e ao Toxoplasma gondii, tendo uma implicação insignificante relacionado ao aspecto clínico destes animais, porém podendo ser considerados um problema para a saúde única, pois, os...
Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos/sangue , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/sangue , Leptospirose/veterinária , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/sangue , Brasil , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores de Risco , ZoonosesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a Gram-positive bacterium that colonizes the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract of humans. This bacterium has also been isolated from various animals, such as fish and cattle. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can act as regulators of gene expression in bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. However, little is known about the genomic distribution of ncRNAs and RNA families in S. agalactiae. RESULTS: Comparative genome analysis of 27 S. agalactiae strains showed more than 5 thousand genomic regions identified and classified as Core, Exclusive, and Shared genome sequences. We identified 27 to 89 RNA families per genome distributed over these regions, from these, 25 were in Core regions while Shared and Exclusive regions showed variations amongst strains. We propose that the amount and type of ncRNA present in each genome can provide a pattern to contribute in the identification of the clonal types. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of RNA families provides an insight over ncRNAs, sRNAs and ribozymes function, that can be further explored as targets for antibiotic development or studied in gene regulation of cellular processes. RNA families could be considered as markers to determine infection capabilities of different strains. Lastly, pan-genome analysis of GBS including the full range of functional transcripts provides a broader approach in the understanding of this pathogen.
Assuntos
Genoma Bacteriano , RNA não Traduzido/genética , Streptococcus agalactiae/genética , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , RNA não Traduzido/classificaçãoRESUMO
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic disease of humans from Latin America that is caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii, with most cases of PCM in domestic animals being associated with P. brasiliensis. This study presents the clinical, cytological, mycological, serological, and molecular findings associated with P. brasiliensis in a dog from Southern Brazil. Fine needle biopsies were collected from the skin and several lymph nodes of a 5-year-old female Labrador dog that had enlargement of most superficial lymph nodes. Cytology of the skin and lymph nodes revealed pyogranulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis associated with fine-necked, budding fungal structures consistent with the Paracoccidioides genus of organisms; mycological culture derived from the lymph node aspirate demonstrated similar budding structures. Serological assays using exoantigens obtained from the fungal culture demonstrated that the fungal organisms derived from the lymph node were antigenically similar to P. brasiliensis by immunodiffusion and Western blot. A PCR assay, using the fungal culture as input, amplified a partial segment of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 regions of P. brasiliensis; direct sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the PCR product as P. brasiliensis. The combined cytological, mycological, serological, and molecular findings confirmed a diagnosis of fungal dermatitis and lymphadenitis due to P. brasiliensis in this dog. This case represents the third description of clinical PCM in dogs and the first confirmation of mycotic dermatitis associated with P. brasiliensis in this species. The participation of dogs in the possible dissemination of PCM is reviewed, and it is proposed that dogs are probable accidental hosts in the epidemiological cycle associated with P. brasiliensis.
Assuntos
Dermatite/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Linfadenite/veterinária , Paracoccidioides/isolamento & purificação , Paracoccidioidomicose/veterinária , Animais , Antígenos de Fungos/análise , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Brasil , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Dermatite/etiologia , Dermatite/patologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Feminino , Histocitoquímica , Imunoensaio , Linfonodos/microbiologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfadenite/etiologia , Linfadenite/patologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Microscopia , Paracoccidioidomicose/etiologia , Paracoccidioidomicose/patologia , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Pele/microbiologia , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
This article describes the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical findings associated with Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii in a 4-year-old female Boxer dog from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Clinically, there was a swelling at the right metatarsal region and the hock joint with enlargement of regional lymph nodes. Radiographical evaluation revealed lysis of the tarsal bone; cytology demonstrated cryptococcal intralesional organisms at the swollen joint. Despite empirical antifungals therapeutic, the animal developed neurological cryptococcosis and died spontaneously. Significant pathological alterations included arthritis, lymphadenitis, and encephalitic cryptococcomas associated with numerous intralesional narrow-necked budding encapsulated yeasts. Immunohistochemistry utilising monoclonal antibodies that label C. neoformans sp. complex capsule, characterised the yeasts as C. neoformans var. grubii. Collectively, the pathological and immunohistochemical findings of this dog indicate that the intralesional organisms observed within the articular surface of the hock joint, lymph nodes, and the brain were C. neoformans var. grubii, confirming the participation of this fungal pathogen in the development of cryptococcal arthritis. In this case, the most likely pathogenesis was percutaneous inoculation with resultant abscess-like lesion, which resulted in the draining sinus, swelling of the right hind limb with progression to the articular disease. Thereafter, the fungal pathogen probably compromised the adjacent lymph nodes with subsequent haematogenous distribution to the brain, terminating with cryptococcal arthritis, lymphadenitis, and encephalitis.
Assuntos
Artrite/veterinária , Criptococose/veterinária , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Encefalite/veterinária , Animais , Artrite/diagnóstico , Artrite/microbiologia , Artrite/patologia , Brasil , Criptococose/diagnóstico , Criptococose/microbiologia , Criptococose/patologia , Técnicas Citológicas , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Encefalite/diagnóstico , Encefalite/microbiologia , Encefalite/patologia , Feminino , Histocitoquímica , Imuno-Histoquímica , MicroscopiaRESUMO
This study evaluated the population dynamics and ownerships of dogs and cats from the city of Jaguapitã, southern Brazil. The human to dog and cat ratios were 4.6 and 21.5, respectively. Comparatively more dogs (n=2,460) than cats (n=571) were within the households and there were significantly more male (55.8%; 679/1,217) dogs relative to females (44.2%; 538/1217). Most cats (69.2%; 180/260) did not received any antiparasitic medication, were not immunized against rabies (91.2%; 237/260) or any specific infectious disease (91.5%; 238/260). Less than half (40.8%; 106/260) of these was below oneyear-of age, but a significant number of cats was without any definite breed (81.2%; 211/260), and not spayed (93.5%; 243/260). Most dogs were of the mixed breed (69.5%; 846/1217), between one and four-years old (42.6%; 519/1217), and not spayed (96.3%; 1172/1,217). An elevated population of dogs received anthelminthic drugs (71%; 865/1,217), but most of these were not immunized against rabies (63.8% 777/1,217) or other infectious disease (58.6%; 713/1,217). Most (68.7%; 770/1,120) households were owners of a pet dog and/or cat; 54.4% (610/1,120) of these owned only dogs, 4.9% (55/1,120) were the owners of cats only, while 9.4% (105/1,120) owned pet dogs and cats. The results obtained are similar to those described in populated cities of Brazil and other countries. However, the free street access of pets associated with the reduced level of immunization against canine and feline infectious diseases coupled with the responsibility of ownership demonstrated by most residents make these animals highly susceptible to zoonotic and infectious diseases. Additionally, the free street access of unsprayed pets increases the risk of contact with other animals and the transmission of disease.(AU)
Este estudo avaliou a dinâmica da população de cães e gatos e o perfil de seus respectivos guardiões na cidade de Jaguapitã, sul do Brasil. A razão homem:cão e homem:gato foi de 4,6 e 21,5, respectivamente. Em comparação, mais cães (n=2,460) do que gatos (n=571) eram domiciliados havendo significativamente mais cães machos (55.8%; 679/1,217) em relação as fêmeas (44.2%; 538/1217). A maioria dos gatos (69.2%; 180/260) não recebeu qualquer medicação antiparasitária, não foi vacinada contra raiva (91.2%; 237/260) ou qualquer doença infecciosa específica (91.5%; 238/260). Menos da metade destes (40.8%; 106/260) tinha idade inferior a um ano e, um número significante de gatos não apresentava definição racial (81.2%; 211/260) e não era castrado (93.5%; 243/260). A maior parte dos cães não apresentava raça definida (69.5%; 846/1217), tinha entre um e quatro anos de idade (42.6%; 519/1217) e não era castrada (96.3%; 1172/1,217). Um grande número de cães recebeu medicação antiparasitária (71%; 865/1,217), mas a maioria desses não foi imunizada contra raiva (63.8% 777/1,217) ou outra doença infecciosa (58.6%; 713/1,217). Cães e/ou gatos estavam presentes na maioria dos domicílios visitados (68.7%; 770/1,120), nos quais 54.4% (610/1,120) possuíam somente cães, 4.9% (55/1,120) possuíam somente gatos, enquanto 9.4% (105/1,120) possuíam cães e gatos. Os resultados obtidos são similares aos descritos em outras cidades do Brasil e outros países. O livre acesso à rua associado ao reduzido nível de imunização contra as doenças infecciosas de cães e gatos e à conduta de posse responsável adotada pelos guardiões torna esses animais altamente susceptíveis às doenças infecciosas e zoonóticas.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Gatos , Animais de Estimação , Censos , Zoonoses/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Cryptococcus gattii-induced cryptococcosis is an emerging infectious disease of humans and animals worldwide, with rare descriptions of this infection in domestic animals from Brazil. This study presents the findings associated with C. gattii in dogs from Londrina, Paraná, Southern Brazil. Two dogs, a 3-year-old, female German shepherd and a 6-year-old, male Boxer, were evaluated by a combination of pathological, mycological, and molecular diagnostic techniques. Significant pathological alterations included cryptococcal lymphadenitis, meningoencephalitis, tonsillitis, and rhinitis with nasal cryptococcomas in the German shepherd dog, while cryptococcal lymphadenitis and pneumonia were observed in the Boxer; both dogs had pseudocystic cryptococcosis. The mucicarmine histochemical stain readily identified the intralesional cryptococcal budding organisms in all affected tissues. Mycological culture and isolation confirmed the yeasts as C. gattii due to positive reaction with the L-canavanine glycine bromothymol blue agar. A PCR assay using the internal transcribed spacers (ITS)1 and ITS2 primers, which target the ITS1 and 2 regions including the 5.8S rRNA gene, amplified the desired amplicons; direct sequencing confirmed the isolate as C. gattii. ITS nucleotide differentiation demonstrated that the isolate forms part of the ITS type 4 Cryptococcus organisms which corresponds to the C. gattii VGII molecular subtype or the RAPD type 2 Cryptococcus organisms. Collectively, these findings confirmed the participation of C. gattii in the etiopathogenesis of the lesions observed in these dogs and expanded the epidemiological niche of this important mycotic agent to include Southern Brazil. It is noteworthy to mention that previous epidemiological studies have suggested that C. gattii-induced cryptococcosis is more frequently diagnosed in Northern relative to Southern Brazil, so these findings might suggest an expansion of the distribution of this agent within continental Brazil.
Assuntos
Criptococose/veterinária , Cryptococcus gattii/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Animais , Brasil , Criptococose/microbiologia , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Cães , Feminino , Histocitoquímica , Masculino , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Ribossômico 5,8S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Predominance of ectoparasites and bacteria diagnosis were identified in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), GIFT strain, bred in net-tanks at different densities. Current experiment was performed in the Corvos river, State of Paraná, Brazil, in two cycles: cycle A installed in August 2010 with 155 days, and cycle B, installed in February 2011 with 128 days. Twenty 6.8 m-3 (2.0 x 2.0 x 1.7 m) net-tanks were employed, using 6.0 m-3 and five densities (150, 175, 200, 225 and 250 fish/m-3), with four replications each. No significant difference was registered with regard to the prevalence of ectoparasites due to densities in the two experimental cycles. In the months of September to November cycle A displayed increase in the predominance of Trichodina and a decrease in the prevalence of Monogenoidea and mixed parasites. Further, an inverse relationship with a decrease in the prevalence of Trichodina and an increase in the prevalence of Monogenoidea and mixed parasites occurred during October and November. Trochodina prevalence occurred in October and November. Cycle B showed a significant difference in total prevalence of ectoparasites due to months. There was an increase in tricodinid infestation between March and June in proportion to increase of density and throughout the experiment. More care should be taken with regard to densities during the period. No positive result was...(AU)
Foram identificados a prevalência de ectoparasitos e o diagnóstico de bactérias em tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) da variedade GIFT, criadas em tanques-rede, utilizando diferentes densidades. O experimento foi conduzido no Rio do Corvo, PR, em dois ciclos: ciclo A, implantado em agosto de 2010 com duração de 155 dias e ciclo B, implantado em fevereiro de 2011 com duração de 128 dias. Para cada ciclo foram instalados 20 tanques-rede de 6,8 m-3 (2,0 x 2,0 x 1,7 m), com 6,0 m-3 úteis, adotando cinco densidades (150, 175, 200, 225 e 250 peixes/m-3), com quatro repetições. Não houve diferença significativa na prevalência de ectoparasitos em relação às densidades nos dois ciclos de experimento. Observou-se no nos meses de setembro a novembro do ciclo A um aumento na prevalência de Trichodina e decréscimo na prevalência de Monogenoidea e parasitismo misto, nos meses de outubro e novembro observou-se uma relação inversa com uma diminuição na prevalência de Trichodina e aumento na prevalência de Monogenoidea e parasitismo misto. Os meses de outubro e novembro apresentaram a maior prevalência de Trichodina do ciclo A. No ciclo B ocorreu uma diferença significativa na prevalência total de ectoparasitos em relação aos meses. Em relação à categoria de infestação por tricodinídeos, nos meses de março a junho houve um aumento na medida em que aumentava-se a densidade e no decorrer...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ciclídeos/parasitologia , Ectoparasitoses/veterinária , Doenças dos Peixes , Tanques de ArmazenamentoRESUMO
Predominance of ectoparasites and bacteria diagnosis were identified in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), GIFT strain, bred in net-tanks at different densities. Current experiment was performed in the Corvos river, State of Paraná, Brazil, in two cycles: cycle A installed in August 2010 with 155 days, and cycle B, installed in February 2011 with 128 days. Twenty 6.8 m-3 (2.0 x 2.0 x 1.7 m) net-tanks were employed, using 6.0 m-3 and five densities (150, 175, 200, 225 and 250 fish/m-3), with four replications each. No significant difference was registered with regard to the prevalence of ectoparasites due to densities in the two experimental cycles. In the months of September to November cycle A displayed increase in the predominance of Trichodina and a decrease in the prevalence of Monogenoidea and mixed parasites. Further, an inverse relationship with a decrease in the prevalence of Trichodina and an increase in the prevalence of Monogenoidea and mixed parasites occurred during October and November. Trochodina prevalence occurred in October and November. Cycle B showed a significant difference in total prevalence of ectoparasites due to months. There was an increase in tricodinid infestation between March and June in proportion to increase of density and throughout the experiment. More care should be taken with regard to densities during the period. No positive result was...
Foram identificados a prevalência de ectoparasitos e o diagnóstico de bactérias em tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) da variedade GIFT, criadas em tanques-rede, utilizando diferentes densidades. O experimento foi conduzido no Rio do Corvo, PR, em dois ciclos: ciclo A, implantado em agosto de 2010 com duração de 155 dias e ciclo B, implantado em fevereiro de 2011 com duração de 128 dias. Para cada ciclo foram instalados 20 tanques-rede de 6,8 m-3 (2,0 x 2,0 x 1,7 m), com 6,0 m-3 úteis, adotando cinco densidades (150, 175, 200, 225 e 250 peixes/m-3), com quatro repetições. Não houve diferença significativa na prevalência de ectoparasitos em relação às densidades nos dois ciclos de experimento. Observou-se no nos meses de setembro a novembro do ciclo A um aumento na prevalência de Trichodina e decréscimo na prevalência de Monogenoidea e parasitismo misto, nos meses de outubro e novembro observou-se uma relação inversa com uma diminuição na prevalência de Trichodina e aumento na prevalência de Monogenoidea e parasitismo misto. Os meses de outubro e novembro apresentaram a maior prevalência de Trichodina do ciclo A. No ciclo B ocorreu uma diferença significativa na prevalência total de ectoparasitos em relação aos meses. Em relação à categoria de infestação por tricodinídeos, nos meses de março a junho houve um aumento na medida em que aumentava-se a densidade e no decorrer...
Assuntos
Animais , Ciclídeos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes , Ectoparasitoses/veterinária , Tanques de ArmazenamentoRESUMO
This study evaluated the population dynamics and ownerships of dogs and cats from the city of Jaguapitã, southern Brazil. The human to dog and cat ratios were 4.6 and 21.5, respectively. Comparatively more dogs (n=2,460) than cats (n=571) were within the households and there were significantly more male (55.8%; 679/1,217) dogs relative to females (44.2%; 538/1217). Most cats (69.2%; 180/260) did not received any antiparasitic medication, were not immunized against rabies (91.2%; 237/260) or any specific infectious disease (91.5%; 238/260). Less than half (40.8%; 106/260) of these was below oneyear-of age, but a significant number of cats was without any definite breed (81.2%; 211/260), and not spayed (93.5%; 243/260). Most dogs were of the mixed breed (69.5%; 846/1217), between one and four-years old (42.6%; 519/1217), and not spayed (96.3%; 1172/1,217). An elevated population of dogs received anthelminthic drugs (71%; 865/1,217), but most of these were not immunized against rabies (63.8% 777/1,217) or other infectious disease (58.6%; 713/1,217). Most (68.7%; 770/1,120) households were owners of a pet dog and/or cat; 54.4% (610/1,120) of these owned only dogs, 4.9% (55/1,120) were the owners of cats only, while 9.4% (105/1,120) owned pet dogs and cats. The results obtained are similar to those described in populated cities of Brazil and other countries. However, the free street access of pets associated with the reduced level of immunization against canine and feline infectious diseases coupled with the responsibility of ownership demonstrated by most residents make these animals highly susceptible to zoonotic and infectious diseases. Additionally, the free street access of unsprayed pets increases the risk of contact with other animals and the transmission of disease.
Este estudo avaliou a dinâmica da população de cães e gatos e o perfil de seus respectivos guardiões na cidade de Jaguapitã, sul do Brasil. A razão homem:cão e homem:gato foi de 4,6 e 21,5, respectivamente. Em comparação, mais cães (n=2,460) do que gatos (n=571) eram domiciliados havendo significativamente mais cães machos (55.8%; 679/1,217) em relação as fêmeas (44.2%; 538/1217). A maioria dos gatos (69.2%; 180/260) não recebeu qualquer medicação antiparasitária, não foi vacinada contra raiva (91.2%; 237/260) ou qualquer doença infecciosa específica (91.5%; 238/260). Menos da metade destes (40.8%; 106/260) tinha idade inferior a um ano e, um número significante de gatos não apresentava definição racial (81.2%; 211/260) e não era castrado (93.5%; 243/260). A maior parte dos cães não apresentava raça definida (69.5%; 846/1217), tinha entre um e quatro anos de idade (42.6%; 519/1217) e não era castrada (96.3%; 1172/1,217). Um grande número de cães recebeu medicação antiparasitária (71%; 865/1,217), mas a maioria desses não foi imunizada contra raiva (63.8% 777/1,217) ou outra doença infecciosa (58.6%; 713/1,217). Cães e/ou gatos estavam presentes na maioria dos domicílios visitados (68.7%; 770/1,120), nos quais 54.4% (610/1,120) possuíam somente cães, 4.9% (55/1,120) possuíam somente gatos, enquanto 9.4% (105/1,120) possuíam cães e gatos. Os resultados obtidos são similares aos descritos em outras cidades do Brasil e outros países. O livre acesso à rua associado ao reduzido nível de imunização contra as doenças infecciosas de cães e gatos e à conduta de posse responsável adotada pelos guardiões torna esses animais altamente susceptíveis às doenças infecciosas e zoonóticas.