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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001330.].
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The COVID-19 pandemic has demanded governments and diverse organizations to work on strategies to prepare and help communities. Increasing recognition of the importance of identifying vulnerable populations has raised a demand for better tools. One of these tools is the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). The SVI was created in 2011 to identify and plan assistance for socially vulnerable populations during hazardous events, by providing disaster management personnel information to target specific areas. We aimed to evaluate and determine the social vulnerability in different provinces and districts of Peru in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic using an adapted version of the SVI index. Ecological, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted. We adapted the SVI and collected indicators related to COVID-19. We organized and analyzed the population data of the 196 provinces of Peru, using data from government institutions. We found a distribution of high and very high SVI in the mountainous areas of Peru. High and very high social vulnerability indexes, due to the presence of some or all the variables were predominantly distributed in the provinces located in the southern and highlands of the country. The association between mortality rate and social SVI-COVID19 was inverse, the higher the vulnerability, the lower the mortality. Our results identify that the provinces with high and very high vulnerability indexes are mostly located in rural areas nearby the Andes Mountains, not having a direct correlation with COVID-19 mortality.
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Although mentoring is not a common practice in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is a strong need for it. Conceptual frameworks provide the structure to design, study, and problem-solve complex phenomena. Following four workshops in South America, Asia, and Africa, and borrowing on theoretical models from higher education, this article proposes two conceptual frameworks of mentoring in LMICs. In the first model, we propose to focus the mentor-mentee relationship and interactions, and in the second, we look at mentoring activities from a mentees' perspective. Our models emphasize the importance of an ongoing dynamic between the mentor and mentee that is mutually beneficial. It also emphasizes the need for institutions to create enabling environments that encourage mentorship. We expect that these frameworks will help LMIC institutions to design new mentoring programs, clarify expectations, and analyze problems with existing mentoring programs. Our models, while being framed in the context of global health, have the potential for wider application geographically and across disciplines.