RESUMO
ABSTRACT In order to select an isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae promising for the microbial control of Tibraca limbativentris and to evaluate its virulence in all stages of development of this insect, two bioassays were carried out. Five isolates of M. anisopliae were applied using fungal suspension with 108 conidia/mL, in the following treatments: 1) control, 2) isolate CG 041, 3) CG 144, 4) CG 167, 5) CG 835 and 6) CG 891. To evaluate the virulence in the stages of development, a suspension with 108 conidia/mL from the isolate CG 891 was prepared and applied over the eggs, small nymphs (2nd and 3rd instars), large nymphs (4th and 5th instars) and adults. In the first experiment, the calculated TL50 values showed that the isolate CG 891 was the most virulent, and about 11 days were necessary to control 50% of the tested population. In the second experiment, designed for eggs, the TL50 value was 5.53 days, when 83% of contamination was observed, and none of the hatched nymphs reached the second instar. In the other treatments, the TL50 values were 6.61, 8.76 and 8.82 days for small nymphs, large nymphs and adults. Eggs, nymphs and adults of T. limbativentris were susceptible to M. anisopliae (isolate CG 891).
RESUMO Visando selecionar um isolado de Metarhizium anisopliae promissor para o controle microbiano de Tibraca limbativentris e avaliar sua virulência sobre as fases do desenvolvimento desse inseto, realizaram-se dois bioensaios. Cinco isolados de M. anisopliae foram aplicados usando-se em suspensões fúngicas de 108 conídios/mL, sendo definidos os tratamentos: 1) testemunha, 2) isolado CG 041, 3) CG 144, 4) CG 167, 5) CG 835 e 6) CG 891. Para avaliar a virulência sobre as fases do desenvolvimento preparou-se uma suspensão 108 conídios/mL do isolado CG 891 aplicando-a sobre ovos, ninfas pequenas (2º e 3º instares), ninfas grandes (4º e 5º instares) e adultos. No primeiro experimento, os valores de TL50 calculados mostraram que o isolado CG 891 foi o mais virulento, sendo necessários cerca de 11 dias para controlar 50% da população testada. No segundo experimento, para ovos, o TL50 foi de 5,53 dias, quando se observou 83% de contaminação, e nenhuma das ninfas eclodidas atingiu o segundo instar. Nos outros tratamentos, os valores de TL50 foram de 6,61, 8,76 e 8,82 dias para ninfas pequenas, ninfas grandes e adultos. Ovos, ninfas e adultos de T. limbativentris são suscetíveis de M. anisopliae (isolado CG 891).
RESUMO
Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) is an important pest affecting irrigated rice in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It hibernates during the coldest months of the year in refuges such as bamboo litter. This study examined O. poecilus hibernation to determine the causes of mortality during this period. The study was conducted in a 140 m(2) bamboo plantation located in a rice-growing area in Eldorado do Sul County (30 degrees 02 S and 51 degrees 23 W), RS. During June 2000 to April 2002, 63 samples of litter were taken in weekly or fortnightly intervals, and the number of bugs recorded in the laboratory. The arrival at the hibernation site (bamboo litter) began in the first fortnight of March, and was completed in the beginning of May. O. poecilus left this refuge from middle October to the end of December. Parasitism by tachinid flies and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. fungus were the most important mortality factors.
Assuntos
Hemípteros/fisiologia , Hibernação/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Hemípteros/microbiologia , Hemípteros/parasitologia , Masculino , Mortalidade , Densidade Demográfica , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) é praga importante do arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Este inseto hiberna durante os meses mais frios em refúgios como o folhedo de bambu. Este estudo objetivou elucidar a hibernação de O. poecilus e determinar as causas de mortalidade durante este período. O estudo foi realizado em um bambuzal com cerca de 140 m2, situado em área orizícola, em Eldorado do Sul (30° 02 S e 51° 23 W), RS. De junho/2000 à abril/2002, foram realizadas 63 amostragens de folhedo, em intervalos semanais ou quinzenais e o número de percevejos registrado em laboratório. A entrada no refúgio de hibernação (folhedo de bambu) iniciou na primeira semana de março, completando-se no início de maio. O. poecilus abandonou o refúgio da metade de outubro até o final de dezembro. O parasitismo por mosca (taquinídeos) e o fungo Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. foram os principais fatores de mortalidade.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Hemípteros/fisiologia , Hibernação/fisiologia , Hemípteros/microbiologia , Hemípteros/parasitologia , Mortalidade , Densidade Demográfica , Estações do AnoRESUMO
The state of development of the internal reproductive organs of male and female Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) as well as the body fat amount in the abdominal cavity during hibernation, of individuals sampled in bamboo litter in Eldorado do Sul (30º02'S and 51º23'W), RS, Brazil was investigated. Females and males showed the abdominal cavity filled with body fat in the beginning of the hibernation phase. The decrease in fat reserve level occurred from August on for males and from October on for females. Ovaries and testis doubled in length and tripled in width from immature to the reproductive phase. Male sexual maturation occurred in the hibernation sites while for females it occurred later on outside of the sites. Reproductive organ immaturity and abdominal body fat hypertrophy characterized the diapause of O. poecilus.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Genitália , Hemípteros , Hibernação , Maturidade Sexual , Tecido Adiposo , Ovário , TestículoRESUMO
The state of development of the internal reproductive organs of male and female Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) as well as the body fat amount in the abdominal cavity during hibernation, of individuals sampled in bamboo litter in Eldorado do Sul (30 masculine 02'S and 51 degrees 23'W), RS, Brazil was investigated. Females and males showed the abdominal cavity filled with body fat in the beginning of the hibernation phase. The decrease in fat reserve level occurred from August on for males and from October on for females. Ovaries and testis doubled in length and tripled in width from immature to the reproductive phase. Male sexual maturation occurred in the hibernation sites while for females it occurred later on outside of the sites. Reproductive organ immaturity and abdominal body fat hypertrophy characterized the diapause of O. poecilus.