RESUMO
The electrophoretic deposition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (Degussa P25) onto a boron-doped diamond (BDD) substrate was carried out to produce a photoanode (TiO2/BDD) to apply in the degradation and mineralization of sodium diclofenac (DCF-Na) in an aqueous medium using photoelectrocatalysis (PEC). This study was divided into three stages: i) photoanode production through electrophoretic deposition using three suspensions (1.25%, 2.5%, 5.0% w/v) of TiO2 nanoparticles, applying 4.8 V for 15 and 20 s; ii) characterization of the TiO2/BDD photoanode using scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry response with the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox system; iii) degradation of DCF-Na (25 mg L-1) through electrochemical oxidation (EO) on BDD and PEC on TiO2/BDD under dark and UVC-light conditions. The degradation of DCF-Na was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and its mineralization measured using total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand. The results showed that after 2 h, DCF-Na degradation and mineralization reached 98.5% and 80.1%, respectively, through PEC on the TiO2/BDD photoanode at 2.2 mA cm-2 under UVC illumination, while through EO on BDD applying 4.4 mA cm-2, degradation and mineralization reached 85.6% and 76.1%, respectively. This difference occurred because of the optimal electrophoretic formation of a TiO2 film with a 9.17 µm thickness on the BDD (2.5% w/v TiO2, time 15 s, 4.8 V), which improved the electrocatalysis and oxidative capacity of the TiO2/BDD photoanode. Additionally, PEC showed a lower specific energy consumption (1.55 kWh m-3). Thus, the use of nanostructured TiO2 films deposited on BDD is an innovative photoanode alternative for the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of DCF-Na, which substantially improves the degradation capacity of bare BDD.
Assuntos
Boro , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Diclofenaco , Eletrodos , Oxirredução , Titânio/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/químicaRESUMO
This study aimed to quantify the amount of total mercury in bivalves Anadara tuberculosa supplied from Esmeraldas Province and sold in markets in the Metropolitan District of Quito, Ecuador. The determined total mercury concentration was compared to the permissible limits established by the European Commission and World Health Organization-Food and Agriculture Organization and health risk subsequently assessed. Sampling was conducted in five open markets and involved collecting fifteen specimens from each market. Total mercury was measured through cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. Results showed that samples did not exceed the total mercury threshold value (0.5 mg kg-1). However, samples of Anadara tuberculosa from the Ofelia market, which receives fresh products from Eloy Alfaro canton, contained the highest mean levels of mercury contamination, 0.055 mg kg-1. This result could be associated to the influence of illegal mining activity in this area. In addition, methylmercury potential non-carcinogenic risk for consumers exceeded the threshold limit (>1) established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The daily consumption rate (Rclim) was determined to be 26.61-38.50 g for a child weight of 14.5 kg, and 128.44-185.84 g for an adult weight of 70 kg. Thus, consuming a higher amount of Anadara tuberculosa could negatively affect human health.
RESUMO
Resumen El objetivo de la investigación se enmarca en analizar el efecto propiocepción como método de prevención de lesiones de tobillo, en deportistas de la categoría superior. El estudio longitudinal y explicativo se realiza en el Centro Deportivo Olmedo de la ciudad de Riobamba, a una población de 30 jugadores que representó el 100 %. La metodología empleada se enmarca en métodos de campo exploratorio y documental bibliográfico, técnicas como la entrevista, fichas de evaluación fisioterapéuticas y test modificado de Romberg. El efecto del método de propiocepción proporciona como resultado que 17 (57 %) jugadores que presentaban molestias de tobillo, se logra disminuir a seis (20 %) jugadores, a la intervención fisioterapéutica. Para el análisis y procesamiento de los datos obtenidos en la aplicación del método, se emplea el paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 22.0 IBM.
Abstract The objective of this research is framed in analyzing the proprioception effect as a method of prevention of ankle injuries in athletes of the higher category. The longitudinal and explanatory study is carried out at the Olmedo Sports Center in the city of Riobamba, to a population of 30 players that represented 100 %. The methodology used is part of exploratory and bibliographic documentary field methods, techniques such as interview, physiotherapy assessment sheets and modified Romberg test. The effect of the method of proprioception provides as a result that 17 (57 %) players who presented ankle discomfort, is reduced to six (20 %) players to the physiotherapy intervention. For the analysis and processing of the data obtained in the application of the method, the statistical package SPSS version 22.0 IBM is used.
Assuntos
Temas Bioéticos , Bioética , Catolicismo , Diversidade Cultural , Obrigações Morais , Chile , Tomada de Decisões/ética , Desfibriladores Implantáveis/ética , Ética Clínica , Eutanásia/ética , Humanos , América Latina , Região do Mediterrâneo , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/ética , Espanha , Doente Terminal , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/éticaRESUMO
Este artículo plantea la necesidad de cambiar de enfoque en el debate sobre la eutanasia, sobre todo si ella se plantea como posible derecho. Para ese fin, luego de una introducción general, el trabajo delimita el campo histórico y semántico sobre el que se desarrollará. A partir de allí, se exponen algunos de los fundamentos que suelen darse para sostener la eutanasia como derecho. Se profundiza luego en la idea de que las circunstancias médicas y sociales en que los enfermos solicitan la eutanasia son un producto humano, médico y social, y se insiste, además en que ellas no son moralmente neutras, por lo que debe dirigirse una mirada crítica hacia ellas para, sobre esta base, reorientar el debate y la acción (AU)
Assuntos
Eutanásia , Direito a Morrer , Bioética , MorteRESUMO
Este artículo plantea la necesidad de cambiar de enfoque en el debate sobre la eutanasia, sobre todo si ella se plantea como posible derecho. Para ese fin, luego de una introducción general, el trabajo delimita el campo histórico y semántico sobre el que se desarrollará. A partir de allí, se exponen algunos de los fundamentos que suelen darse para sostener la eutanasia como derecho. Se profundiza luego en la idea de que las circunstancias médicas y sociales en que los enfermos solicitan la eutanasia son un producto humano, médico y social, y se insiste, además en que ellas no son moralmente neutras, por lo que debe dirigirse una mirada crítica hacia ellas para, sobre esta base, reorientar el debate y la acción