RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Exposure to toxins during pregnancy is the main modifiable behavior that affects the placenta and, consequently, the fetus. In particular, smoking is a recognized risk factor for negative outcomes. Our study pretended to examine gross and microscopic placental features in women who reported exposure to tobacco, alcohol, or other psychoactive substances. METHODS: In this observational case-control study, we collected 706 placentas to assess precise substance exposure histological-interaction features of in the placenta. We examined gross and microscopic placental features, and then recorded maternal and newborn clinical conditions. RESULTS: We found that 4.8% of mothers admitted to consumption of some type of (harmful) substance. The most common pre-existing maternal condition was obesity (20.3%); predominant complications included amniotic infection (32.3%), urinary tract infection (14.5%) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (14.5%). In newborns, we discovered positive associations as respiratory distress syndrome. Macroscopically, exposed mothers had heavier placentas, more true knots, and single umbilical artery; microscopically, they were more likely to exhibit fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM). CONCLUSIONS: Until our present study, no research linked umbilical cord defects to toxic substance exposure; our study results do confirm association with adverse outcomes in neonates and alterations in the neuro-cardio-placental circuit through FVM. IMPLICATIONS: The results are confirming the importance of this modifiable risk factor and how its presence may potentially affect the course of pregnancy, as well as the health of both mother and child.
Assuntos
Placenta , Complicações na Gravidez , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Placenta/patologia , Recém-Nascido , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Adulto , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Culture of the pleasure oyster Crassostrea corteziensis is emerging as an alternative to the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) for oyster producers, who face severe mortalities since 1997 in Northwest México. For determining the health status of this species, we conducted a histopathological analysis of cultured populations from two estuaries in the Pacific coast of México. Macroscopical analysis revealed animals with transparent and retracted mantle. Histopathological analysis of these specimens showed tissue alterations and parasitic forms consistent with Perkinsus sp. infection. Stages of the parasite identified included tomont and trophozoites with an eccentric vacuole characteristic of Perkinsus spp. Pieces of tissues of infected oysters were incubated in Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (FTM) resulting in blue-black hypnospores after incubation. The identity of the parasite was confirmed by species specific PCR-based assay in DNA samples from oysters, tissue fractions from FTM cultures, and deparaffined samples with Perkinsus-like parasite detected by histology. Sequencing of positive amplified fragments (307bp) showed a sequence similar to Perkinsus marinus strain TXsc NTS ribosomal RNA gene (100% coverage and 98% identity, GenBank Accession No. AF497479.1) and to P. marinus, Genomic DNA, (100% coverage and 97% identity, GenBank Accession No. S78416.1). The prevalence of P. marinus varied from 1 to 5% in Boca del Camichín and from 1 to 6% in Pozo Chino. In general, the intensity of infection was moderate. The infection was observed in oysters from 31 to 110mm of shell length. This is the first record of P. marinus in oysters from the North America Pacific coast and the first record in C. corteziensis. The origin of this parasite in the area is unknown, but it may be associated to introductions of Crassostrea virginica from the East coast of United States of America or Gulf of México.
Assuntos
Apicomplexa/fisiologia , Ostreidae/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/patologia , Animais , Apicomplexa/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Bases , Meios de Cultura , DNA de Protozoário/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , México , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Especificidade da Espécie , Tioglicolatos , Trofozoítos/parasitologia , Trofozoítos/patologiaAssuntos
Antropologia Cultural , Autoria , Pesquisa Empírica , Expedições , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Antropologia Cultural/educação , Antropologia Cultural/história , Brasil/etnologia , Expedições/economia , Expedições/história , Expedições/psicologia , História do Século XVI , Humanos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/educação , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/etnologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/história , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/legislação & jurisprudência , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/psicologia , América Latina/etnologia , Grupos Minoritários/educação , Grupos Minoritários/história , Grupos Minoritários/legislação & jurisprudência , Grupos Minoritários/psicologia , Saúde das Minorias/economia , Saúde das Minorias/etnologia , Saúde das Minorias/história , Saúde das Minorias/legislação & jurisprudência , Narração/história , Viagem/economia , Viagem/história , Viagem/psicologiaRESUMO
Cases requiring home admission from 3 medical offices of "Pedro Borras" Community Teaching Polyclinics were studied during November, 1988-1989. The descriptive method was used. Satisfaction among patients and their family was evidenced with home admission, and at the same time allows active participation of the family in the health care and recovery process of the patient. It also contributes to the proper utilization of hospital beds for patients who need hospitalization and better care is provided to patients with end-stage diseases who were discharged from hospitals without a proper health care at their homes.
Assuntos
Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar/normas , Ocupação de Leitos , Família/psicologia , Humanos , Satisfação do Paciente , Assistência TerminalRESUMO
The purpose of our study was to characterize the utility of certain elements of urinalysis, singly or in combination, in identifying children with urinary tract infections (i.e., positive findings on urine culture). Laboratory results for urine specimens subjected to both urinalysis and culture in an on-site outpatient clinic (office) laboratory during a 36-month period were reviewed. All specimens were collected by one of three methods (the midstream void technique, urethral catheterization, or suprapubic aspiration of urine) from children with symptoms to assist in documenting a possible urinary tract infection. Specimen processing by certified technologists was initiated within 10 minutes of collection. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were determined for each test or combination of tests. Of 689 specimens, 102 (14.8%) had positive culture results. The combination of dipstick analysis (leukocyte esterase and nitrite tests) and of microscopic examination for bacteria had a sensitivity of 100% and a negative predictive value of 100%. The nitrite test had a specificity of 100% and a positive predictive value of 100%. We conclude that, when properly collected specimens are evaluated promptly by certified technologists, the rate of accuracy in detecting or ruling out a urinary tract infection (i.e., positive findings on urine culture) with certain elements of the urinalysis is high.
Assuntos
Infecções Urinárias/urina , Adolescente , Bacteriúria/microbiologia , Bacteriúria/urina , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/urina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Violeta Genciana , Humanos , Lactente , Leucócitos/patologia , Microscopia de Contraste de Fase , Nitritos/urina , Fenazinas , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fitas Reagentes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Urinálise , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologiaRESUMO
In a previous study we observed that 6% of adult and 18% of children contacts of H. influenzae infected patients became carriers of the bacillus. We studied 1296 adults involved in children care, 398 from day care centers and 898 from hospitals in Santiago. A pharyngeal sample was cultured in chocolate agar plus bacitracin (300 mg/ml) and incubated at 37 degrees C in a 5-10% CO2 atmosphere for 18-24 h. Isolates of H influenzae were biotypified and serogrouped according to international recommendations. We observed that 2.4% of subjects were H influenzae carriers. Thirty carriers were treated with 2 doses of enoxacin, 440 mg. All became free of H influenzae at a 30-day follow-up.
Assuntos
Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Creches , Enoxacino/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Haemophilus influenzae , Hospitais Pediátricos , Doenças Faríngeas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Portador Sadio/tratamento farmacológico , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Criança , Creches/estatística & dados numéricos , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Feminino , Infecções por Haemophilus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Haemophilus/microbiologia , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Hospitais Pediátricos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Faríngeas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Faríngeas/microbiologia , Prevalência , Recursos HumanosRESUMO
En el Hospital Departamental de Narino, Pasto, Colombia, en 62 pacientes sometidos a endoscopia se busco la presencia de Campylobacter pyloris con prueba de la ureasa y coloracion con Gram del cepillado gastrico; las biopsias de mucosa gastrica y doudenal se procesaron con hematoxilina-eosina y con Giemsa. Con la colaboracion de PAS-alcian blue se valoro la presencia de metaplasia gastrica duodenal. Ademas se obtuvo muestra de jugo gastrico para determinacion de nitritos y pH. Se encontro duodenitis en 41.7% y en 100% de los pacientes algun grado de gastritis. El C. pyloris se asocio con 85.5% de la gastritis, 69.2% de duodenitis activa y 100% de pacientes con enfermedad ulcerativa y/o erosiva gastroduodenal. En duodenitis activa se relaciono con metaplasia gastrica duodenal. Con el incremento del pH a valores > 4, en 37.5% de los pacientes se encontro atrofia total; y con la presencia de nitritos en jugo gastrico, 51.9% tuvieron metaplasia intestinal. La gravedad de las lesiones encontradas y la elevacion del pH no se explican por la sola presencia de C. pyloris y parece jugar un papel coadyuvante y no determinativo. Se discute la relacion del pH, nitritos intragastricos, distribucion del C. pyloris y la frecuencia de lesiones en la mucosa gastroduodenal. Se propone que la presencia de nitritos con un pH mayor a 5 en jugo gastrico, es un criterio util como metodo de seleccion de las pacientes con estadios avanzados de gastritis ambiental y por tanto, con alto riesgo para el desarrollo de adenocarcinoma gastrico de tipo intestinal
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções por Campylobacter , Duodenite , Gastrite , ColômbiaAssuntos
Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Infecções por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Feminino , Haemophilus influenzae/efeitos dos fármacos , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoAssuntos
Higiene Bucal , Doenças Periodontais/etiologia , Fumar , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Plantas Tóxicas , NicotianaAssuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Higiene Bucal , Doenças Periodontais , NicotianaRESUMO
The first finding of Trichostrongylus axei (Cobbold, 1879) Railliet et Henry, 1909 in the Cuban bovine cattle is reported. Its characteristics are described and measurements obtained by authors are compared to those from others. Fifty animals were examined and a 94% invasion was found.