RESUMO
O campo interdisciplinar de reflexões sobre a alimentação como campo político passa por um processo de expansão e transbordamento para a esfera privada, cotidiana e rotineira do consumo alimentar. Tal processo parece ser reflexo de transformações nos mercados agroalimentares globais, da ampla percepção e publicização dos riscos alimentares e da politização do consumo. Uma vez que os indivíduos assumem responsabilidades sobre as consequências ambientais e sociais de suas escolhas cotidianas, a especificidade política da alimentação nas sociedades contemporâneas extrapola a esfera institucional (segurança alimentar e nutricional, desigualdades sociais no acesso à alimentação, políticas agrícolas e regulamentação da publicidade de alimentos) para atingir a esfera privada. O artigo aborda alguns dos recentes debates sobre o processo de politização do consumo e faz uma reflexão teórica sobre as dimensões ética, política e ideológica que relacionam hábitos de consumo alimentar, incluindo locais e formas de aquisição e preparo dos alimentos, valores de preservação ambiental, solidariedade com pequenos produtores locais e precaução reflexiva ante os riscos alimentares. Aponta ainda uma agenda de pesquisa capaz de captar processos de politização da comida e práticas de consumo político no campo da alimentação.
The interdisciplinary field of reflections on food as politics goes through a process of expansion and overflow to the private sphere, and routine daily food consumption. This process seems to be a reflection of transformations in the global agrifood markets, the wide publicity and awareness of food hazards and the politicization of consumption. To the extent that individuals are to assume responsibility for the environmental and social consequences of their everyday choices, the specificity of political power in contemporary societies goes beyond the institutional level (food security and nutrition, social inequalities in access to food, agricultural policies and regulations advertising of food) to meet the private sphere. This paper shows, initially, some of the recent debates about the process of politicization of consumption and then explores a theoretical reflection on the ethical, political and ideological habits that relate to food consumption, including the locations and ways of acquiring and food preparation, the values of environmental preservation, solidarity with local producers and reflexive caution against food risks. Finally, points to a research agenda capable of capturing the processes of politicization of food and consumer practices in the field of political power.
Assuntos
Alimentos , PolíticaRESUMO
The interdisciplinary field of reflections on food as politics goes through a process of expansion and overflow to the private sphere, and routine daily food consumption. This process seems to be a reflection of transformations in the global agrifood markets, the wide publicity and awareness of food hazards and the politicization of consumption. To the extent that individuals are to assume responsibility for the environmental and social consequences of their everyday choices, the specificity of political power in contemporary societies goes beyond the institutional level (food security and nutrition, social inequalities in access to food, agricultural policies and regulations advertising of food) to meet the private sphere. This paper shows, initially, some of the recent debates about the process of politicization of consumption and then explores a theoretical reflection on the ethical, political and ideological habits that relate to food consumption, including the locations and ways of acquiring and food preparation, the values of environmental preservation, solidarity with local producers and reflexive caution against food risks. Finally, points to a research agenda capable of capturing the processes of politicization of food and consumer practices in the field of political power.
Assuntos
Alimentos , PolíticaRESUMO
Analisa-se a formação da sociologia ambiental enquanto um novo campo de construção do conhecimento. Com este objetivo, procura-se resgastar a história do surgimento e da institucionalização da disciplina e problematizam-se os principais dilemas teóricos, epistemológicos, políticos e institucionais que desafiam seu desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que a sociologia, apesar de ter demorado e resistido a se introduzir no debate ambiental, pode agregar uma valiosa contribuição ao entendimento e à abordagem dos problemas ambientais contemporâneos.
Environmental sociology in north- American academic context: emergence, dilemmas and perspectives. This work analyses the environmental sociology constitution as a new field of knowledge construction. With this aim it recovers the history of discipline emergence and institutionalization and discusses the main theoretical, epistemological, political and institutional dilemmas that challenge its development. It concludes that in spite of sociology delay and resistance to introduce itself in environmental debate, it can offer a valuable contribution to the understanding and approach of contemporary environmental problems.