RESUMO
The effect of partial substitution of NaCl with KCl and the flavor enhancers addition (arginine, yeast extract and oregano extract) on Probiotic Prato cheese processing with (L. casei 01, 7logCFU/mL) was investigated. Microbiological (lactic acid bacteria and probiotic counts), physicochemical (proximate composition, pH, proteolysis), bioactivity (antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity), rheological (uniaxial compression and creep tests), water mobility (time domain low field magnetic resonance), microstructure (scanning electron microscopy) and sensory evaluation (consumer test) were performed. Sodium reduction and flavor enhancers addition did not constitute an obstacle to the survival of lactic and probiotic bacteria. Proximate composition, antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity, and the rheological parameters were affected by the addition of flavor enhancer. No change in the fatty acid profile of cheeses was observed while good performance in the consumer test was obtained by the addition of yeast extract and oregano extract. Prato cheese can be an adequate carrier of probiotics and the addition of different flavor enhancers can contribute developing this functional product in the cheese industry.
Assuntos
Queijo/análise , Queijo/microbiologia , Aromatizantes/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Microbiologia de Alimentos/métodos , Lacticaseibacillus casei/fisiologia , Lactococcus lactis/fisiologia , Probióticos , Sódio na Dieta/análise , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Comportamento do Consumidor , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Julgamento , Viabilidade Microbiana , Valor Nutritivo , Paladar , Percepção GustatóriaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of carvedilol, a new antihypertensive drug that combines vasodilatory and beta-blocker properties, with nifedipine. METHODS: In a multicenter double-blind trial, 106 mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients were treated with either carvedilol (n = 51), or nifedipine (n = 55) as monotherapy. Following 4 weeks of wash-out/run-in period, patients from the carvedilol group received this drug once a day at a dosage of 25 mg/day for 8 consecutive weeks. In order to maintain the double-blind character of the study, a placebo was administered in the carvedilol group at identical dosage intervals as used in the nifedipine s.r. group. Nifedipine was also administered for 8 weeks at a dosage of 40 mg/day given b.i.d. RESULTS: Both treatments were equally efficient in reducing blood pressure in the seated and upright positions. Blood pressure response to treatment was obtained in 79% and 78% of patients treated with carvedilol and nifedipine, respectively. The carvedilol group did not develop reflex tachycardia which is usually seen when prescribing vasodilators. Blood biochemistry remained unchanged with both treatments. Besides similar blood pressure efficacy, side effects by patients taking carvedilol were less frequent than nifedipine group. CONCLUSION: Carvedilol is a safe, efficient, once/day choice as monotherapy for mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Carbazóis/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Nifedipino/uso terapêutico , Propanolaminas/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Carvedilol , Protocolos Clínicos , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Método Duplo-Cego , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the effects of benazepril (ACE inhibitor) on arterial blood pressure (ABP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). METHODS: Nineteen patients (7 men, 12 women) with mean age 38.2 +/- 10.2 years, with mild to moderate hypertension were evaluated. Besides raised blood pressure, the necessary inclusion criterion was the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy detected by echocardiogram. After a wash-out period, all patients were given placebo followed by the active drug benazepril at a dose of 10 mg once a day. For those patients who did not achieve a satisfactory control of the blood pressure (BP) 25 mg of chlorthalidone was added. All patients underwent 180 days of benazepril treatment. RESULTS: The ABP was gradually controlled as follow: at seated position the systolic BP changed from 156.05 +/- 5.07 mmHg to 129 +/- 3.74 mmHg (p < 0.001) and the diastolic BP from 99.74 +/- 1.59 mmHg to 81.8 +/- 2.27 mmHg (p < 0.001). At orthostatic position the systolic BP changed from 156.9 +/- 5.35 mmHg to 124.28 +/- 5.33 mmHg (p < 0.001) and the diastolic BP from 101.7 +/- 1.34 to 81.36 +/- 2.81 (p < 0.001). The heart rate did not change significantly during the study. The LVMI decreased significantly from 182.4 +/- 9.2g/m2 to 122.6 +/- 4.2g/m2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our data revealed that 100% of the patients achieved satisfactory degrees of LVMI regression and in 34% there was a normalization of it.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Benzazepinas/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Benzazepinas/administração & dosagem , Pressão Sanguínea , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The efficacy and tolerability of an infusion of isradipine, a calcium antagonist of the dihydropyridine type, were tested in patients in hypertensive crisis. Ten patients with symptomatic and significant elevations in blood pressure were infused for 12 h with isradipine at 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, and 7.2 micrograms/kg/h (3 h of each infusion level). No untoward effects or adverse reactions were noted. No alterations were observed on electrocardiographic tracings, and blood pressure was significantly reduced only at doses of 7.2 micrograms/kg/h. Thus, isradipine as an infusion is useful and safe for hypertensive crisis, starting at a rate of 7.2 micrograms/kg/h. Higher doses may yet prove to be safe, well tolerated, and even more efficacious.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Isradipino/uso terapêutico , Doença Aguda , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Isradipino/administração & dosagem , Isradipino/farmacologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of isradipine, a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist in the therapy of outpatients hypertensive crisis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty seven patients with mean age of 37.2 +/- 2.5 years (ages ranging from 18 to 59 years old) of different races (14 white, 13 not white); 15 men and 12 women, with diastolic blood pressure over 130 mmHg and without signs of recent target organ damage were studied. The patients were divided in three groups according to the used dosage of Isradipine tablets by sublingual route. Group I (n = 10): 1.25 mg; Group II (n = 10): 2.5 mg and Group III (n = 7): 5.0 mg. Arterial blood pressure levels and heart rate were determined before the drug administration and every 30 minutes until 120 minutes after dosing. RESULTS: Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) decrease significantly in all patients from 153.43 +/- 4.3 to 124.0 +/- 2.3 mmHg after 60 minutes and to 118.0 +/- 2.1 mmHg after 120 minutes (p < 0.001). Heart rate did not show significant changes with the drug. Clinical significant side effects were not observed. The comparative analysis of MABP curves did not show significant differences among the groups I, II and III. However, a tendency of a greater decrease in MABP was observed in the patients of group III. CONCLUSION: Isradipine tablets in the dosages of 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg by sublingual route is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of ambulatorial patients with hypertensive crisis.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Isradipino/administração & dosagem , Administração Sublingual , Adolescente , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Isradipino/farmacologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pacientes AmbulatoriaisRESUMO
Urine of untreated EHP was eluted, on a ion-exchange chromatography, in two protein peaks with ACE activity, at 0.7 mS (BI) and 1.25 mS (BII), while urine of treated EHP, was eluted only in one peak with ACE activity (0.7 mS). BI (Mr, 88 kDa) and BII (Mr, 61 kDa) convert AI to AII, hydrolyze bradikinin, are inhibited by captopril, EDTA and metal ions.
Assuntos
Clortalidona/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/enzimologia , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/urina , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea , Cromatografia DEAE-Celulose , Cromatografia em Gel , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/urina , Cinética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peso Molecular , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/isolamento & purificação , Valores de Referência , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
In order to investigate the efficacy of isradipine in the treatment of hypertensive crisis, we treated three groups of patients who had diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than 120 mm Hg, and who were without signs of acute target-organ damage. Isradipine was given sublingually in doses of 1.25 mg (group 1; n = 10), 2.5 mg (group 2; n = 10), and 5 mg (group 3; n = 7). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced in all patients [from 153.4 +/- 4.3 to 124.0 +/- 2.3 mm Hg at 60 min, and to 118.0 +/- 2.1 mm Hg at 2 h after administration (p less than 0.001)]. The heart rate (HR) did not change significantly (from 82.4 +/- 3.7 to 84.0 +/- 6 beats/min; NS). No significant differences were noted in the overall responses of the three groups; however, blood pressure reduction was more rapid in the group receiving 5 mg compared with the other two dosages. These results show that isradipine given sublingually is effective in reducing the elevated blood pressure of a hypertensive crisis and is not accompanied by limiting side effects. Isradipine's onset of action is early (approximately 30 min after dosing) and reaches its maximum blood pressure response within 2 h of administration. No dose-dependent reductions in blood pressure were observed with the dosage range employed in this study.
Assuntos
Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Di-Hidropiridinas/administração & dosagem , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Sublingual , Assistência Ambulatorial , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Di-Hidropiridinas/farmacologia , Humanos , IsradipinoRESUMO
This was a study of the effectiveness of isradipine, a calcium antagonist of the dihydropyridine group, in reversing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. Mean arterial pressure was effectively reduced at 90 days of treatment (from 129.5 +/- 2.0 to 111.5 +/- 2.8 mm Hg; P less than .001). The electrocardiographic Romhilt-Estes score for LVH showed early reduction at 45 days of treatment (from 7.1 +/- 0.6 to 5.1 +/- 0.4 points; P less than .001), and further diminutions were observed at 90 days of treatment (3.8 +/- 0.4 points; P less than .01). The echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass indices confirmed these findings (from 175.0 +/- 8.9 to 141.7 +/- 5.5 and to 124.8 +/- 4.2 g/m2; P less than .001) for 45 and 90 days, respectively. The results indicate that isradipine is effective in reducing left ventricular mass and that these reductions are observed early in the course of treatment.
Assuntos
Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Cardiomegalia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cardiomegalia/complicações , Eletrocardiografia , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Isradipino , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
In order to complement earlier short-term observations, we studied the effects of isradipine (1.25 or 2.5 mg twice daily) on blood pressure as well as its action in reversing cardiac hypertrophy in 25 moderately hypertensive patients. We observed that the treatment produced short-term (3 month) and longer-term (9 month) control of blood pressure [decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 128 +/- 2.3 to 112 +/- 2.7 mm Hg and to 105.5 +/- 2.9 mm Hg; p less than 0.001] while heart rate remained constant throughout the study (from 76.6 +/- 2.3 to 74.7 +/- 2.4 beats/min; NS). Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) obtained after 3 months of treatment (LV mass index from 173.7 +/- 8.8 to 135.7 +/- 4.5 g/m2; p less than 0.001) was accentuated with continued therapy (to 131.0 +/- 4.0 and 124.4 +/- 3.1 g/m2 at 6 and 9 months, respectively; p less than 0.01). These results indicate that significant regression of LVH can be obtained with short-term treatment of hypertension with isradipine and that this effect will be fully obtained with longer-term (9 month) therapy.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Cardiomegalia/tratamento farmacológico , Di-Hidropiridinas/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cardiomegalia/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Isradipino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
This study showed how often oxygen desaturation occurred in patients undergoing upper endoscopy procedures; extent of desaturation after sedation with diazepam, relationship between desaturation and respiratory function status and compared two types of instruments Olympus (XQ, K10). Ninety nine patients undergoing elective and emergency upper endoscopy procedures were monitorized with pulse oximeter before sedation, during and after the procedure. We did not find any change clinically significant.
Assuntos
Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/efeitos adversos , Oxigênio/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artérias , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/instrumentação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
In view of the possibility that cardiac hypertrophy may be reversed by isradipine, we studied the effect of two different doses of isradipine (1.0 and 7.0 mg/kg per day) on relative cardiac weight in the rat. These doses have proved equipotent in lowering the blood pressure of the two-kidney, one clip model of hypertension. Untreated hypertensive rats had significantly greater cardiac weights than the untreated controls (3.16 +/- 0.06 versus 2.31 +/- 0.05 mg/g, P less than 0.001). Hypertrophy was still present in the group treated with isradipine at 1.0 mg/kg per day (3.17 +/- 0.07 versus 2.30 +/- 0.03 mg/g; P less than 0.001) but not with 7.0 mg/kg per day (2.55 +/- 0.17 versus 2.37 +/- 0.11 mg/g; NS). Functional studies revealed that reversal of cardiac hypertrophy did not affect cardiac performance compared with the ventricles with increased mass. These results suggest that reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy with isradipine is dependent on complex mechanisms, possibly unrelated to the unloading of the heart.