RESUMO
Five male non-obese newly diagnosed NIDDM and 5 age-, sex- and body mass index (BMI) matched healthy controls without a family history of diabetes were submitted to a frequently sampled intravenous (i.v.) glucose tolerance test modified by exogenous insulin administration for estimation of insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose-mediated glucose disposal (SG) with Bergman's minimal model computer analysis of glucose kinetics. The tests were repeated after 3 months treatment with a second generation sulfonylurea, gliclazide, in the diabetics subjects. SI and SG were markedly reduced before gliclazide therapy in the diabetics in comparison to the paired controls. After gliclazide, despite significantly lower (almost normal) plasma glucose, normalization of glycosylated hemoglobin and increased fasting insulin levels, there was a slight but significant increase in SI while SG showed a further reduction, the improvement in glucose control being also associated to the significant increased first and 2nd phase insulin release for the first 20 min after glucose infusion.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Gliclazida/uso terapêutico , Insulina/farmacologia , Adulto , Jejum , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Insulina Regular de Porco , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Nine non-obese males with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were evaluated before and after 3 and 12 months (6 patients) treatment with the second generation hypoglycemic sulfonylurea: gliclazide. They underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, intravenous glucose and arginine tests measuring plasma insulin and C-peptide responses. Pre-hepatic insulin production and insulin delivery to peripheral tissues were calculated by deconvolution techniques and hepatic extraction of insulin estimated. An improvement was observed in the beta-cell function of the patients on gliclazide treatment: reduction of fasting plasma glucose associated with a progressive increase in C-peptide level but insulin levels decreased at 12 months, suggesting an increase in hepatic insulin extraction at this time. In the same way, while plasma glucose values after oral and i.v. glucose were greatly reduced at 3 and 12 months treatment, insulin did not change but C-peptide levels increased significantly at 12 month treatment. While the prehepatic insulin secretion rate increased progressively on gliclazide during all glucose challenges, the fractional hepatic insulin extraction fell after 3 and increased at 12 month treatment, with opposite changes in insulin delivered to peripheral tissues. Thus the insulinogenic effect of gliclazide could be masked during long-term administration by a concomitant effect of gliclazide which increases hepatic extraction of insulin. The maintenance of the responsiveness to the non-glucose secretagogue, arginine, as evaluated by the C-peptide levels, before and after correction of hyperglycemia, suggested improvement of beta-cell sensitivity to glucose after sulfonylurea treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Gliclazida/farmacologia , Insulina/análise , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/citologia , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/fisiologia , Fígado/química , Administração Oral , Adulto , Arginina/farmacologia , Glicemia/análise , Peptídeo C/sangue , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Insulina/sangue , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos de Sulfonilureia/farmacologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
1. The function of a Y human chromosomal DNA sequence was evaluated. The Y-5 probe was isolated from a flow-sorted chromosome library and detects Y-specific sequences. 2. The Y-5 probe and other Y-specific probes were used to analyze an XX male patient without ambiguous genitalia. 3. DNA sequences from the short arm of the chromosome Y that were detected with pDP1007 and pDP105 in the patient's genome explain the testis differentiation observed in this case. 4. Failure of the patient's DNA to hybridize to the Y-5 probe shows that the primitive gonads can differentiate into testes even in the absence of this chromosome region. In contrast, a gene controlling spermatogenesis may exist in this region because the patient is azoospermic.
Assuntos
Sondas de DNA , Aberrações dos Cromossomos Sexuais , Diferenciação Sexual , Cromossomo Y/fisiologia , Adolescente , Southern Blotting , Humanos , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Hibridização de Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
The function of a Y human chromosomal DNA sequence was evaluated. The Y-5 probe was isolated from a flow-sorted chromosome library and detects Y-specific sequences. The Y-5 probe and other T-specific probes were used to analyze an XX male patient without ambiguous genitalia. DNA sequences from the short arm of the chromosome Y that were detected with pDP1007 and DP105 in the patient's genome explain the testis differentation observed in this case. Failure of the patient's DNA to hybridize to the Y-5 probe shows that the primitive gonads can differentiate into testes even in the absence of this chromosome region. In contrast, a gene controlling spermatogenesis may exist in this region because the patient azoospermic
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Sondas de DNA , Aberrações dos Cromossomos Sexuais , Análise para Determinação do Sexo , Cromossomo Y/fisiologia , Southern Blotting , Cariotipagem , Hibridização de Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
The incidence of 27 non-metric cranial variants is studied in a sample of 124 skulls from Brazil. The unilateral and bilateral frequencies of the variants are determined. The Brazilian population sample was compared with 28 population samples from different parts of the world.