RESUMO
Objective: Psychomotor abnormalities are relevant symptoms in the clinical presentation of schizophrenia, and assessing them could facilitate monitoring. New technologies can measure psychomotor activity objectively and continuously, but evidence on the topic is scarce. Our aim is to systematically review the existing evidence about eHealth tools for assessing psychomotor activity in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Method: We performed a systematic search of the PubMed and Embase databases and identified 15 relevant articles on eHealth tools for assessing psychomotor activity in schizophrenia. Results: eHealth devices accurately assessed psychomotor activity and were well accepted. Abnormalities in psychomotor activity helped differentiate between different subtypes of schizophrenia. Abnormal increases in psychomotor activity were correlated with acute presentations, while lower activity was associated with relapses, deterioration, and negative symptoms. Conclusion: Actigraphy is still the preferred eHealth device in research settings, but mobile applications have great potential. Further studies are needed to explore the possibilities of psychomotor monitoring and mobile health applications for preventing relapses in schizophrenia. eHealth could be useful for monitoring psychomotor activity, which might help prevent relapses.
Assuntos
Humanos , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Telemedicina , Aplicativos MóveisRESUMO
Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling mental illnesses and it has a significant impact on society. This review aims to provide updated scientific evidence about the epidemiology of MDD. Methods: A systematic literature review of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed to identify articles on the prevalence of MDD and its correlates. The search was restricted to manuscripts published between January 2001 and December 2018. Results: Sixty-three articles were included in the review. The lifetime prevalence of MDD ranged from 2 to 21%, with the highest rates found in some European countries and the lowest in some Asian countries. The main sociodemographic correlates were separated/divorced marital status and female gender. Child abuse, intimate partner violence, and comorbidity with other physical and mental disorders also were consistently associated with MDD across the reviewed studies. Conclusions: MDD is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. There are remarkable interregional differences in the disorder's prevalence, as well as in certain sociodemographic correlates. MDD is also highly comorbid with physical and mental health problems.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Prevalência , Estado CivilRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling mental illnesses and it has a significant impact on society. This review aims to provide updated scientific evidence about the epidemiology of MDD. METHODS: A systematic literature review of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed to identify articles on the prevalence of MDD and its correlates. The search was restricted to manuscripts published between January 2001 and December 2018. RESULTS: Sixty-three articles were included in the review. The lifetime prevalence of MDD ranged from 2 to 21%, with the highest rates found in some European countries and the lowest in some Asian countries. The main sociodemographic correlates were separated/divorced marital status and female gender. Child abuse, intimate partner violence, and comorbidity with other physical and mental disorders also were consistently associated with MDD across the reviewed studies. CONCLUSIONS: MDD is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. There are remarkable interregional differences in the disorder's prevalence, as well as in certain sociodemographic correlates. MDD is also highly comorbid with physical and mental health problems.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Criança , Comorbidade , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estado Civil , PrevalênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Psychomotor abnormalities are relevant symptoms in the clinical presentation of schizophrenia, and assessing them could facilitate monitoring. New technologies can measure psychomotor activity objectively and continuously, but evidence on the topic is scarce. Our aim is to systematically review the existing evidence about eHealth tools for assessing psychomotor activity in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. METHOD: We performed a systematic search of the PubMed and Embase databases and identified 15 relevant articles on eHealth tools for assessing psychomotor activity in schizophrenia. RESULTS: eHealth devices accurately assessed psychomotor activity and were well accepted. Abnormalities in psychomotor activity helped differentiate between different subtypes of schizophrenia. Abnormal increases in psychomotor activity were correlated with acute presentations, while lower activity was associated with relapses, deterioration, and negative symptoms. CONCLUSION: Actigraphy is still the preferred eHealth device in research settings, but mobile applications have great potential. Further studies are needed to explore the possibilities of psychomotor monitoring and mobile health applications for preventing relapses in schizophrenia. eHealth could be useful for monitoring psychomotor activity, which might help prevent relapses.
Assuntos
Aplicativos Móveis , Esquizofrenia , Telemedicina , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Major depression is one of the world's leading causes of disability. Up-to-date information about the epidemiology of this disorder is key to health care planning. AIM: The aim of our study is to report prevalence and correlates of current major depressive disorder (MDD) in the province of Granada, Southern Spain. METHODS: The GranadΣp is a cross-sectional study based on a community-dwelling adult population living in the province of Granada, Southern Spain. Community-dwelling adults aged 18-80 years ( n = 810) were interviewed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A variety of exposure assessments were also undertaken. RESULTS: Point (2 weeks) prevalence of MDD in the Granada population was 5.6%. Positive family history of mental illness, high degree of neuroticism, high number of life threatening events (LTE), poor physical health status, cognitive impairment and cannabis use were independently associated with MDD in the multivariate regression model. Being female was also associated with MDD, but the significance disappeared after adjusting for neuroticism and physical health. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of MDD in the Granada population is higher than expected. The effects of the financial crisis could be partially accountable for this excess in prevalence. Six variables were found to be independently associated with MDD. Association between female sex and depression may be partially explained by the confounding effect of neuroticism.