RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Currently programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in combination with other therapies are being evaluated to determine their efficacy in cancer treatment. However, the effect of PD-ligand (L) 1 expression on disease outcomes in stage III (EC III) non-small cell lung cancer is not completely understood. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the influence of PD-L1 expression on the outcomes of EC III non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: This study was conducted on patients diagnosed with EC III non-small cell lung cancer who underwent treatment at a tertiary care hospital. PD-L1 expression was determined using immunohistochemical staining, all patients expressed PD-L1. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Relationships between variables were assessed using Cox proportional regression models. RESULTS: A total of 49 patients (median age=69 years) with EC III non-small cell lung cancer and PD-L1 expression were evaluated. More than half of the patients were men, and most were regular smokers. The patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, or sequential or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The median progression-free survival of the entire cohort was 14.2 months, and the median overall survival was 20 months. There was no significant association between PD-L1 expression and disease progression, clinical characteristics, or overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: PD-L1 expression was not correlated with EC III non-small cell lung cancer outcomes. Whether these findings differ from the association with immune checkpoint inhibitors remains to be addressed in future studies.

Assuntos

Antígeno B7-H1 , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/mortalidade , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Antígeno B7-H1/análise , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Imuno-Histoquímica , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Adulto

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective Currently programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in combination with other therapies are being evaluated to determine their efficacy in cancer treatment. However, the effect of PD-ligand (L) 1 expression on disease outcomes in stage III (EC III) non-small cell lung cancer is not completely understood. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the influence of PD-L1 expression on the outcomes of EC III non-small cell lung cancer. Methods This study was conducted on patients diagnosed with EC III non-small cell lung cancer who underwent treatment at a tertiary care hospital. PD-L1 expression was determined using immunohistochemical staining, all patients expressed PD-L1. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Relationships between variables were assessed using Cox proportional regression models. Results A total of 49 patients (median age=69 years) with EC III non-small cell lung cancer and PD-L1 expression were evaluated. More than half of the patients were men, and most were regular smokers. The patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, or sequential or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The median progression-free survival of the entire cohort was 14.2 months, and the median overall survival was 20 months. There was no significant association between PD-L1 expression and disease progression, clinical characteristics, or overall survival. Conclusions PD-L1 expression was not correlated with EC III non-small cell lung cancer outcomes. Whether these findings differ from the association with immune checkpoint inhibitors remains to be addressed in future studies.

RESUMO

The importance of obtaining new compounds with improved antimicrobial activity is a current trend and challenge. Some polymers such as chitosan have shown promising bactericidal properties when they are structurally modified, which is due to the binding versatility provided by their free amines. Likewise, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have received attention in recent years because of their bactericidal activity that is similar to or even better than that of conventional drugs, and they exhibit a low induction rate of antimicrobial resistance. Herein, the modified AMP Ctx(Ile21)-Ha-Ahx-Cys was conjugated to chitosan using N-acetylcysteine as an intermediate by the carbodiimide method. Films were prepared using protonated chitosan in 1% acetic acid and Ctx(Ile21)-Ha-Ahx-Cys AMP dissolved in N-acetylcysteine-chitosan; 1.6 mmol of ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, 1.2 mmol of N-hydroxysulfosucchimide, and 0.1 mol L -1of N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid buffer at pH 6.5 by continuous stirring at 100 × g for 10 min at 37 °C. Physicochemical properties were evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction to determine the mechanical properties, solubility, morphology, and thickness. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of chitosan-based conjugated films were evaluated againstStaphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,SalmonellaTyphimurium, andEscherichia coli. The results showed that the conjugation of a potent AMP could further increase its antibacterial activity and maintain its stable physicochemical properties. Therefore, the developed peptide-chitosan conjugate could be applied as an additive in surgical procedures to prevent and combat bacterial infection.

RESUMO

Bacterial resistance is an emergency public health problem worldwide, compounded by the ability of bacteria to form biofilms, mainly in seriously ill hospitalized patients. The World Health Organization has published a list of priority bacteria that should be studied and, in turn, has encouraged the development of new drugs. Herein, we explain the importance of studying new molecules such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with potential against multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria and focus on the inhibition of biofilm formation. This review describes the main causes of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, as well as the main and potential AMP applications against these bacteria. Our results suggest that the new biomacromolecules to be discovered and studied should focus on this group of dangerous and highly infectious bacteria. Alternative molecules such as AMPs could contribute to eradicating biofilm proliferation by MDR/XDR bacteria; this is a challenging undertaking with promising prospects.