RESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The interferon-free regimen of ABT-450 (a protease inhibitor), ritonavir, ombitasvir (an NS5A inhibitor), dasabuvir (a non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor), and ribavirin has shown efficacy in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b infection-the most prevalent subgenotype worldwide. We evaluated whether ribavirin is necessary for ABT-450, ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir to produce high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) in these patients. METHODS: We performed a multicenter, open-label, phase 3 trial of 179 patients with HCV genotype 1b infection, without cirrhosis, previously treated with peginterferon and ribavirin. Patients were assigned randomly (1:1) to groups given ABT-450, ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir, with ribavirin (group 1) or without (group 2) for 12 weeks. The primary end point was SVR 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12). We assessed the noninferiority of this regimen to the rate of response reported (64%) for a similar population treated with telaprevir, peginterferon, and ribavirin. RESULTS: Groups 1 and 2 each had high rates of SVR12, which were noninferior to the reported rate of response to the combination of telaprevir, peginterferon, and ribavirin (group 1: 96.6%; 95% confidence interval, 92.8%-100%; and group 2: 100%; 95% confidence interval, 95.9%-100%). The rate of response in group 2 was noninferior to that of group 1. No virologic failure occurred during the study. Two patients (1.1%) discontinued the study owing to adverse events, both in group 1. The most common adverse events in groups 1 and 2 were fatigue (31.9% vs 15.8%) and headache (24.2% vs 23.2%), respectively. Decreases in hemoglobin level to less than the lower limit of normal were more frequent in group 1 (42.0% vs 5.5% in group 2; P < .001), although only 2 patients had hemoglobin levels less than 10 g/dL. CONCLUSIONS: The interferon-free regimen of ABT-450, ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir, with or without ribavirin, produces a high rate of SVR12 in treatment-experienced patients with HCV genotype 1b infection. Both regimens are well tolerated, as shown by the low rate of discontinuations and generally mild adverse events. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01674725.
Assuntos
Anilidas/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Carbamatos/uso terapêutico , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Macrocíclicos/uso terapêutico , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Uracila/análogos & derivados , 2-Naftilamina , Adulto , Idoso , Anilidas/efeitos adversos , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Carbamatos/efeitos adversos , Ciclopropanos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Genótipo , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Humanos , Lactamas Macrocíclicas , Compostos Macrocíclicos/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prolina/análogos & derivados , Porto Rico , RNA Viral/sangue , Ribavirina/efeitos adversos , Ritonavir/efeitos adversos , Sulfonamidas/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Uracila/efeitos adversos , Uracila/uso terapêutico , Valina , Carga ViralRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To compare the safety and antiviral activity of once (QD) or twice (BID) daily lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in combination with investigator-selected nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in treatment-experienced subjects. METHODS: Subjects failing treatment with HIV-1 RNA > 1000 copies per milliliter received LPV/r tablets 800/200 mg QD (n = 300) or 400/100 mg BID (n = 299) with investigator-chosen nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Efficacy was determined by the intent-to-treat time to loss of virologic response (ITT-TLOVR) algorithm. Safety, tolerability, adherence, impact of baseline protease mutations on virologic response, and emergence of resistance on therapy were assessed. RESULTS: Demographics were comparable across groups. By intent-to-treat time to loss of virologic response, 166 QD subjects (55.3%) and 155 BID subjects (51.8%) were responders at week 48 (P = 0.413), with similar mean increases in CD4 T-cell count. QD subjects demonstrated better adherence than BID subjects. The occurrence of treatment-related moderate/severe adverse events was comparable for all events except nausea, which was reported more frequently among BID-treated subjects. Emergence of new protease resistance mutations on treatment was similarly infrequent in both groups. CONCLUSION: LPV/r dosed QD resulted in increased treatment adherence and was as efficacious as BID LPV/r while providing similar safety, tolerability, and limited resistance evolution.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/uso terapêutico , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirimidinonas/uso terapêutico , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/métodos , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Farmacorresistência Viral , Feminino , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Lopinavir , Masculino , Adesão à Medicação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Náusea/induzido quimicamente , Pirimidinonas/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinonas/efeitos adversos , Ritonavir/administração & dosagem , Ritonavir/efeitos adversos , Carga Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Adverse effects are important determinants of quality of life (QOL) during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The PLATO study investigated the association between changes in patient-reported outcomes including QOL and substitution with lopinavir/ritonavir in patients experiencing side effects (SEs). METHOD: HIV-1-infected participants (N = 849) with undetectable viral load experiencing Grade-2 SEs of the protease inhibitor (PI) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) component of their HAART regimen were randomized to immediate (baseline) or deferred (week 4) substitution with lopinavir/ritonavir soft-gel capsules 400/100 mg bid. The primary endpoint was change in the total score from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Symptoms Distress Module (ASDM), supplemented with two items for nephrolithiasis. Secondary endpoints included Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)-HIV scores and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scores. RESULTS: Immediate substitution resulted in improved ASDM total score at week 4 compared with deferred substitution (p <.001) and significant improvements in all MOS-HIV domains, while significant improvement was observed in CES-D scores at week 8. Primary SEs resolved at week 8 in 65% of participants in the immediate substitution group. Suppression of HIV-1 was maintained. Treatment was well-tolerated and associated with elevations in cholesterol and triglycerides. CONCLUSION: Substitution with LPV/r improved patient-reported outcomes including QOL in patients experiencing Grade-2 SEs, while maintaining viral suppression.