RESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus, particularly multi-drug resistant strains, presents significant challenges in dairy farming due to its role in causing bovine mastitis, which leads to substantial economic losses and limited treatment options. Seeking alternative therapies, we investigated the potential of a topical formulation derived from the medicinal herb Salvia officinalis to combat S. aureus growth and biofilms associated with bovine mastitis. Through systematic extraction in different solvents and fractionation by column chromatography, we isolated and identified three key multicyclic terpenoids-ferruginol, sugiol, and sclareol-exhibiting significant antimicrobial activity. The formulation effectively inhibited biofilm formation, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.09 to 0.74 mg ml-1 against clinical S. aureus strains, comparable to or lower than those of the pure compounds. Moreover, it displayed robust anti-adhesive properties, reducing biofilm formation by 20%-79% at subinhibitory concentrations. Furthermore, the formulation successfully disrupted pre-existing biofilms, achieving reductions ranging from 30% to 82%. Cytotoxicity assays confirmed the safety of the formulation on mammary epithelial cells, with cell viability maintained at 100% at MIC. Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of Sa. officinalis-derived compounds in managing bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus, emphasizing their antimicrobial efficacy and safety profile.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Biofilmes , Mastite Bovina , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais , Plantas Medicinais , Salvia officinalis , Staphylococcus aureus , Terpenos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Bovinos , Salvia officinalis/química , Terpenos/farmacologia , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Mastite Bovina/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , FemininoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the modulatory properties of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) (C. officinalis) extract on cafeteria diet-fed rats. METHODS: A cafeteria diet was administered ad libitum for 45 days to induce dyslipidemia. Then, the rats were treated with the formulations containing C. officinalis in the doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg or only with the vehicle formulation; the control group received a commercial ration. RESULTS: The cafeteria diet decreased glutathione S-transferase activity and high-density lipoprotein plasmatic levels and damaged the hepatic architecture. The C. officinalis extract was able to reduce lipid infiltration in liver tissue and to modulate oxidative stress and lipid profile markers. CONCLUSIONS: The correlations between the variables suggest a pathological connection between oxidative stress markers and serum lipid profile.
Assuntos
Calendula , Ratos , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Fígado , Estresse Oxidativo , Dieta , Colesterol , Carboidratos/farmacologiaRESUMO
The prophylactic and therapeutic overuse of antimicrobials on the farm has contributed to the emergence of hard-to-fight bacterial strains causing bovine mastitis. Aiming at alternative therapies, this study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 20 essential oils against clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains. Of them, five with strong activities were selected and evaluated for their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in culture medium and milk, cytotoxicity against bovine mammary cells (MAC-T), antiadhesive properties, and interactions among themselves and with cefoperazone. The oils remained active on milk, were not cytotoxic, and some concentrations stimulated MAC-T cells growth, suggesting healing potential. Subinhibitory concentrations of Coriandrum sativum, Origanum vulgare, Syzygium aromaticum, and Thymus vulgaris reduced biofilm formation by at least 80%. Several oil and cefoperazone combinations displayed additive interaction, with O. vulgare and C. sativum showing the most promising results. We developed formulations for being used as prophylactic postdipping solutions in the field, containing different concentrations (1% or 3%) of the active oils, alone or in combination, with 3% glycerin, 1% Tween 80, and water. The formulations showed strong antimicrobial activity in milk and enhanced antiadhesive properties, specially when two oils were combined in the formula, indicating promising biotechnological and therapeutical applications.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Mastite Bovina , Óleos Voláteis , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , Humanos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus , Cefoperazona/uso terapêutico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Plantas , Condimentos , Medicina Tradicional , Mastite Bovina/tratamento farmacológico , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Purpose: To evaluate the modulatory properties of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) (C. officinalis) extract on cafeteria diet-fed rats. Methods: A cafeteria diet was administered ad libitum for 45 days to induce dyslipidemia. Then, the rats were treated with the formulations containing C. officinalis in the doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg or only with the vehicle formulation; the control group received a commercial ration. Results: The cafeteria diet decreased glutathione S-transferase activity and high-density lipoprotein plasmatic levels and damaged the hepatic architecture. The C. officinalis extract was able to reduce lipid infiltration in liver tissue and to modulate oxidative stress and lipid profile markers. Conclusions: The correlations between the variables suggest a pathological connection between oxidative stress markers and serum lipid profile.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Extratos Vegetais , Estresse Oxidativo , Calendula , LipídeosRESUMO
Malignant melanoma has a low incidence, but is the most lethal type of skin cancer. Studies have shown that dibenzoylmethanes (DBMs) have interesting biological activities, including antineoplastic properties. These findings led us to investigate whether news DBM derivatives exert antitumor effects against skin cancers. In a previous study, we found that 1,3-diphenyl-2-benzyl-1,3-propanedione (DPBP) has high in vitro antineoplastic activity against murine B16F10 melanoma cells, with an IC50 of 6.25 µg/mL. In the current study, we used transdermal and topical formulations of DPBP to evaluate its activity and molecular mechanism of action in a murine model of melanoma. The compound induces tumor cell death with high selectivity (selectivity index of 41.94) by triggering apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. DPBP treatment reduced tumor volume as well as serum VEGF-A and uric acid levels. Hepatomegaly and nephrotoxicity were not observed at the tested doses. Histopathological analysis of sentinel lymph nodes revealed no evidence of metastases. According to the observed data, the DPBP compound was effective for the topical treatment of melanoma cancer, suggesting that it acts as a chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agent.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Chalconas/uso terapêutico , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Chalconas/síntese química , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The aquatic plant Salvinia auriculata has been shown to possess promising properties for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bovine mastitis. The disease affects cattle health and compromises dairy cattle productivity, resulting in reduced milk production and higher mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity, and toxicity of S. auriculata root extracts using bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T); determine the chemical composition of the most active extract; and develop an S. auriculata antiseptic solution for pre- and post-milking teat disinfection. Plants were collected during the four seasons of the year. The most active hexane extract was subjected to bioguided fractionation, which resulted in the isolation of six known compounds, stigmast-22-ene-3,6-dione, stigmasterol, friedelinol, ß-sitosterol, octadecyl alcohol, and octadecanoic acid. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the most active extract and isolated compounds were determined against nine S. aureus strains isolated from cows with mastitis. The efficacy of the S. auriculata teat dip formulation was tested using an excised teat model (ex vivo), and promising results were obtained. The S. auriculata extract formulation proved to be as effective as commercial antimicrobials in reducing log counts in excised teats.
Assuntos
Mastite Bovina , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Traqueófitas/classificação , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Glândulas Mamárias Animais , Mastite Bovina/tratamento farmacológico , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Leite , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effects of atorvastatin calcium in the treatment of dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis. Methods: Osteoporosis induction consisted of the administration of an intramuscular dose of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight of dexamethasone, once a week for four weeks, except for the control animals (G1). The animals were divided into the following groups: G1 (control group without osteoporosis), G2 (control group with untreated osteoporosis), G3 (control group with osteoporosis treated with sodium alendronate 0.2 mg/kg) and G4 (group with osteoporosis treated with atorvastatin calcium 1.2 mg/kg). Serum alkaline phosphatase, bone alkaline phosphatase, and biometric and bone histomorphometric assessments were performed after 30 and 60 days of treatment onset. Results: In relation to the biometric and histomorphometric analyses, at 60 days of treatment, G4 presented bone density (Seedor index), bone trabecular density, and cortical thickness of 0.222 ± 0.004 g/cm, 59.167 ± 2.401%, and 387,501 ± 8573 µm, respectively, with a positive and statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), in relation to G2. At 30 and 60 days of treatment, G4 presented statistically significant serum levels of alkaline phosphatase alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05) that were higher than all groups (7.451 ± 0.173 µg/L and 7.473 ± 0.529 µg/L, respectively). Conclusion: Treatment with atorvastatin calcium demonstrated the ability of this drug to increase osteoblastic activity and bone tissue repair activity, acting differently from alendronate sodium, which demonstrated predominantly antirebsorptive activity.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da atorvastatina cálcica no tratamento da osteoporose induzida com dexametasona. Métodos: A indução da osteoporose consistiu na administração de dexametasona na dose de 7,5 mg/kg de peso corporal, por via intramuscular, uma vez por semana durante quatro semanas, à exceção dos animais do grupo controle (G1). Os animais foram distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: G1 (grupo controle sem osteoporose), G2 (grupo controle com osteoporose sem tratamento), G3 (grupo controle com osteoporose tratado com alendronato de sódio 0,2 mg/kg) e G4 (grupo com osteoporose tratado com atorvastatina cálcica 1,2 mg/kg). Após 30 e 60 dias do início do tratamento dos animais, foram feitas as dosagens dos níveis séricos de fosfatase alcalina, fosfatase alcalina óssea, avaliação biométrica e histomorfométrica óssea. Resultados: Em relação às análises biométricas e histomorfométricas, aos 60 dias de tratamento o G4 apresentou densidade óssea (índice Seedor), densidade trabecular óssea e espessura da cortical de 0,222 ± 0,004 g/cm, 59,167 ± 2,401% e 387,501 ± 8,573 µm, respectivamente, com diferença positiva, estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05), em relação ao grupo G2. Aos 30 e 60 dias de tratamento, o G4 apresentou níveis séricos de fosfatase alcalina óssea estatisticamente significativos (p < 0,05) e superiores a todos os grupos (7,451 ± 0,173 µg/L e 7,473 ± 0,529 µg/L, respectivamente). Conclusão: O tratamento com atorvastatina cálcica demonstrou a capacidade desse fármaco de aumentar a atividade osteoblástica e a atividade reparadora tecidual óssea, atuar de forma diferente do alendronato de sódio, que demonstrou atividade preponderantemente antirreabsortiva.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Osso e Ossos , Alendronato , Difosfonatos , Fosfatase Alcalina , GlucocorticoidesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of atorvastatin calcium in the treatment of dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis. METHODS: Osteoporosis induction consisted of the administration of an intramuscular dose of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight of dexamethasone, once a week for four weeks, except for the control animals (G1). The animals were divided into the following groups: G1 (control group without osteoporosis), G2 (control group with untreated osteoporosis), G3 (control group with osteoporosis treated with sodium alendronate 0.2 mg/kg) and G4 (group with osteoporosis treated with atorvastatin calcium 1.2 mg/kg). Serum alkaline phosphatase, bone alkaline phosphatase, and biometric and bone histomorphometric assessments were performed after 30 and 60 days of treatment onset. RESULTS: In relation to the biometric and histomorphometric analyses, at 60 days of treatment, G4 presented bone density (Seedor index), bone trabecular density, and cortical thickness of 0.222 ± 0.004 g/cm, 59.167 ± 2.401%, and 387,501 ± 8573 µm, respectively, with a positive and statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), in relation to G2. At 30 and 60 days of treatment, G4 presented statistically significant serum levels of alkaline phosphatase alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05) that were higher than all groups (7.451 ± 0.173 µg/L and 7.473 ± 0.529 µg/L, respectively). CONCLUSION: Treatment with atorvastatin calcium demonstrated the ability of this drug to increase osteoblastic activity and bone tissue repair activity, acting differently from alendronate sodium, which demonstrated predominantly antirebsorptive activity.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da atorvastatina cálcica no tratamento da osteoporose induzida com dexametasona. MÉTODOS: A indução da osteoporose consistiu na administração de dexametasona na dose de 7,5 mg/kg de peso corporal, por via intramuscular, uma vez por semana durante quatro semanas, à exceção dos animais do grupo controle (G1). Os animais foram distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: G1 (grupo controle sem osteoporose), G2 (grupo controle com osteoporose sem tratamento), G3 (grupo controle com osteoporose tratado com alendronato de sódio 0,2 mg/kg) e G4 (grupo com osteoporose tratado com atorvastatina cálcica 1,2 mg/kg). Após 30 e 60 dias do início do tratamento dos animais, foram feitas as dosagens dos níveis séricos de fosfatase alcalina, fosfatase alcalina óssea, avaliação biométrica e histomorfométrica óssea. RESULTADOS: Em relação às análises biométricas e histomorfométricas, aos 60 dias de tratamento o G4 apresentou densidade óssea (índice Seedor), densidade trabecular óssea e espessura da cortical de 0,222 ± 0,004 g/cm, 59,167 ± 2,401% e 387,501 ± 8,573 µm, respectivamente, com diferença positiva, estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05), em relação ao grupo G2. Aos 30 e 60 dias de tratamento, o G4 apresentou níveis séricos de fosfatase alcalina óssea estatisticamente significativos (p < 0,05) e superiores a todos os grupos (7,451 ± 0,173 µg/L e 7,473 ± 0,529 µg/L, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento com atorvastatina cálcica demonstrou a capacidade desse fármaco de aumentar a atividade osteoblástica e a atividade reparadora tecidual óssea, atuar de forma diferente do alendronato de sódio, que demonstrou atividade preponderantemente antirreabsortiva.
RESUMO
Introdução: Além da indução da osteoporose, os glicocorticoides ocasionam aumento da resistência à insulina e gliconeogênese hepática, tendo como consequência a hiperglicemia. Objetivo: Avaliar comparativamente os efeitos do alendronato de sódio e da atorvastatina cálcica nos níveis séricos de glicose e insulina na osteoporose induzida com dexametasona. Métodos: A indução da osteoporose consistiu na administração de dexametasona na dose de 7,5 mg/kg de peso corporal, uma vez por semana durante 4 semanas, à exceção dos animais do grupo controle (G1). Os animais foram distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: G1 (grupo controle sem osteoporose), G2 (controle com osteoporose sem tratamento), G3 (com osteoporose tratado com alendronato de sódio 0,2 mg/kg) e G4 (com osteoporose tratado com atorvastatina cálcica 1,2 mg/kg). No período de 30 e 60 após o início do tratamento, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para as dosagens dos níveis séricos de glicose e insulina. Resultados: Os grupos G2 e G3, quando comparados com o grupo normal G1, apresentaram aumento da glicemia e insulinemia durante todo o período experimental. O grupo G4 apresentou, com 30 dias, aumento da glicemia e insulinemia e, com 60 dias, aumento da glicemia e queda da insulinemia. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram o quadro de hiperglicemia consequente do aumento da resistência à insulina, presentes na indução da osteoporose pela dexametasona. O alendronato de sódio não ocasionou nenhuma melhora da glicemia e insulinemia. A atorvastatina cálcica ocasionou agravamento da hiperglicemia e hiperinsulinemia, potencializando o quadro de resistência à insulina e levando a uma insuficiência relativa de insulina característica do diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Introduction: In addition to the induction of osteoporosis, glucocorticoids cause increased insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis resulting in hyperglycemia. Objective: Evaluate the effects of sodium alendronate and atorvastatin calcium on serum glucose and insulin levels in osteoporosis induced by dexamethasone. Methods: The induction of osteoporosis consisted of the administration of dexamethasone at a dose of 7.5 mg / kg body weight, once a week for 4 weeks, except for the control animals (G1). The animals were divided into the following groups: G1 (control group without osteoporosis), G2 (control with untreated osteoporosis), G3 (with osteoporosis treated with sodium alendronate 0.2 mg / kg) and G4 (with osteoporosis treated with atorvastatin calcium 1,2 mg / kg). In the 30 and 60 period after the start of the treatment blood samples were collected for dosages of serum glucose and insulin levels. Results: The G2 and G3 groups, when compared with the normal group G1, presented increased glycemia and insulinemia throughout the experimental period. The G4 group presented a 30-day increase in glycemia and insulinemia and at 60 days increased glycemia and decreased insulinemia. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the hyperglycaemia associated with the increase in insulin resistance present in the induction of osteoporosis by dexamethasone. Sodium alendronate did not cause any improvement in glycemia and insulinemia. Atorvastatin calcium caused worsening of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia enhancing insulin resistance, leading to a relative insufficiency of insulin characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Osteoporose/induzido quimicamente , Dexametasona/efeitos adversos , Alendronato/farmacologia , Atorvastatina/farmacologia , Glucose/análise , Insulina/análise , Ratos Wistar , Síndrome de Cushing , Diabetes MellitusRESUMO
Osteoporosis is a public health concern associated with an increased risk of bone fractures and vascular calcification. Vitamin K presents unique benefits on these issues, although understudied. The two main forms of vitamin K are phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and menaquinone (vitamin K2). In this study, it was especially investigated the action of vitamin K2 in bones and vessels. Vitamin K2 has shown to stimulate bone formation by promoting osteoblast differentiation and carboxylation of osteocalcin, and increasing alkaline phosphatase, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth differentiation factor-15, and stanniocalcin 2 levels. Furthermore, vitamin K2 reduces the pro-apoptotic proteins Fas and Bax in osteoblasts, and decreases osteoclast differentiation by increasing osteoprotegerin and reducing the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand. In blood vessels, vitamin K2 reduces the formation of hydroxyapatite, through the carboxylation of matrix Gla protein and Gla rich protein, inhibits the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, by increasing growth arrest-specific gene 6, and reduces the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells to osteoblasts. The commonly used dosage of vitamin K2 in human studies is 45 mg/day and its application can be an interesting strategy in benefitting bone and vascular health, especially to osteoporotic post-menopausal women.
Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Calcificação Vascular/prevenção & controle , Vitamina K/fisiologia , Vitamina K/uso terapêutico , Transdiferenciação Celular , Humanos , Osteocalcina/metabolismo , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Vitamina K 2RESUMO
Cerebrovascular accidents and coronary artery disease are the leading causes of cardiovascular mortalities in Brazil and high levels of LDL cholesterol are one of the main risk factors. In this context, several plant extracts and natural substances have shown promise as cholesterol-lowering. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of the fruit of H. dulcis and of dihydromyricetin in cholesterol reduction in hypercholesterolemic rats. Forty-two Wistar male rats were distributed into seven groups of six animals that received diets supplemented with 1% cholesterol and 0.3% cholic acid, with the exception of the control group, which received conventional diets. Animals were treated with oral suspensions containing: atorvastatin 1.0 mg/kg; H. dulcis extract at 50.0 and 100.0 mg/kg and dihydromyricetin at 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg vehicle (control group). The following biochemical markers were evaluated; total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase. The hypercholesterolemic diet was effective in inducing hypercholesterolemia, increasing total cholesterol by 112.7% relative to the control group. The treatments with two doses of the extract proved to be promising hypocholesterolemic agents, as they were able to substantially reduce total cholesterol and LDL-C, without significantly altering triglycerides, hepatic transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase, thereby encouraging the studies with the plant H. dulcis. The groups treated with the flavonoid dihydromyricetin, although they showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-C, and found increases in triglycerides and hepatic transaminases, which is unwanted in the context of hypercholesterolaemia.
No Brasil, o acidente vascular cerebral e a doença arterial coronariana constituem as principais causas de mortalidade cardiovascular, sendo os altos níveis de colesterol LDL um dos principais fatores de risco. Nesse contexto, diversos extratos vegetais e substâncias naturais isoladas têm se mostrado promissoras como hipocolesterolemiantes. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial do extrato hidroalcoólico dos frutos de Hovenia dulcis e do flavonóide diidromiricetina na redução do colesterol em ratos hipercolesterolêmicos. Quarenta e dois ratos Wistar machos, foram distribuídos em 7 grupos de 6 animais, que receberam dieta suplementada com 1% de colesterol e 0,3% de ácido cólico, à exceção do grupo controle, que recebeu ração convencional. Posteriormente, os animais foram tratados com suspensões orais contendo: atorvastatina 1,0 mg/kg; extrato de H. dulcis de 50,0 e 100,0 mg/kg; diidromiricetina de 25,0 e 50,0 mg/kg e veículo (grupo controle). Avaliaram-se os parâmetros bioquímicos: colesterol total, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglicérides, AST, ALT e fosfatase alcalina. A dieta hipercolesterolêmica foi efetiva na indução da hipercolesterolemia, aumentando o colesterol total em 112,7% em relação ao controle. Os tratamentos com as duas doses do extrato mostraram-se promissores como agentes hipocolesterolemiantes, já que foram capazes de reduzir substancialmente o colesterol total e LDL-C, sem alterar significativamente triglicérides, as transaminases hepáticas e a fosfatase alcalina, incentivando, assim, a continuidade de estudos com a planta H. dulcis. Já os grupos tratados com o flavonóide diidromiricetina, apesar de apresentarem redução significativa do colesterol total e de LDL-C, apresentaram elevações nos triglicérides e nos parâmetros hepáticos, resultado indesejável no âmbito das hipercolesterolemias.
Assuntos
Ratos , Ratos/classificação , Anacardiaceae , Hipercolesterolemia/induzido quimicamente , Plantas Medicinais/classificação , Colesterol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo sobre a utilização de plantas medicinais pela população atendida no Programa de Saúde da Família em Governador Valadares, Estado de Minas Gerais, a fim de resgatar, preservar e utilizar este conhecimento em trabalhos com a comunidade. Foi usada a metodologia de questionários pré-estabelecidos, que foram aplicados pelos Agentes de Saúde da Família. O estudo foi feito em 27 bairros da cidade, sendo aplicados 2454 questionários, resultando em 232 plantas citadas como medicinais pela população entrevistada. As principais indicações de uso das plantas medicinais foram como calmante (10%), contra gripe (18%) e infecções (9%). A maioria das plantas utilizadas são preparadas na forma de chá (78%) e obtidas em cultivo próprio (57%), sendoque, em geral, o conhecimento sobre o uso e modo de preparo da plantas medicinais foi obtido dos familiares (67%). A maioria das espécies citadas e utilizadas popularmente possui atividade farmacológica já comprovada na literatura necessitando, entretanto, de orientação correta sobre seu cultivo e emprego terapêutico.
This study was conducted to evaluate the use of medicinal plants by the population assisted by the ôPrograma de Saúde da Famíliaõ in Governador Valadares -MG, in order to rescue, preserve and use this knowledge in works carried out with the community. The preestablished questionnaire methodology was used. Those questionnaires were applied by the Family Health Agents. The study was accomplished in 27 residential quarters, as being applied 2454 questionnaires,and 232 plants were mentioned as medicinal ones by the interviewed population. The main indications for using the medicinal plants were: as sedative (10%), against influenza(18%) and infections (9%). Most plants under use are prepared as tea (78%) and are obtained in own cropping(57%). In general, the knowledge on the use and preparation of the medicinal plants proceeded from their relatives (67%). Most mentioned and popularly used species have pharmacological activity already proven in the literature. However, this population needs a correct orientation on their cropping and therapeutic use.
Assuntos
Plantas Medicinais , Estratégias de Saúde Nacionais , Pesquisa Aplicada , FitoterapiaRESUMO
Ethanol extracts from medicinal plants commonly used by Governador Valadares people were tested for antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity (BST assay). The field survey was conducted during the years 1997-2000 by means of direct interviews with healing men ("raizeiros") who showed familiarity with local used remedies. A total of 33 crude extracts from 32 plant species was studied. Ten extracts (Costus pisonis, Cymbopogon nardus, Eclipta alba, Eleutherine bulbosa, Erigium foetidium, Euphorbia tirucalli, Mikania hirsutissima, Momordica charantia, Solidago microglossa and Plectranthus ornatus) presented brine shrimp toxicity (LD50<1000 ppm). Thirteen extracts presented antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus: E. alba, Scoparia sp., Arctium lappa, Chammomila tinctoria, E. bulbosa, M. hirsutíssima, S. microglossa, Stachytarpheta dichotoma, Pffafia glomerata, Stenorrhyrchnus lanceolatum, Vernonia condensata and Lippia alba. None extract presented activity against Escherichia coli
Os extratos etanólicos de plantas medicinais utilizadas por moradores da cidade de Governador Valadares foram avaliados quanto às atividades antimicrobiana e citotóxica. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada durante o período de 1997-2000, por meio de entrevistas com os raizeiros locais. Foram avaliados 33 extratos brutos de um total de 32 espécies. Desses extratos, dez apresentaram toxicidade às larvas de Artemia salina (DL50<1000 ppm): Costus pisonis, Cymbopogon nardus, Eclipta alba, Eleutherine bulbosa, Erigium foetidium, Euphorbia tirucalli, Mikania hirsutissima, Momordica charantia, Solidago microglossa e Plectranthus ornatus. Quanto à atividade antimicrobiana, nenhum dos extratos apresentou atividade contra Escherichia coli. Entretanto, treze extratos mostraram-se ativos contra Staphylococcus aureus: E. alba, Scoparia sp., Arctium lappa, Chammomila tinctoria, E. bulbosa, M. hirsutíssima, S. microglossa, Stachytarpheta dichotoma, Pffafia glomerata, Stenorrhyrchnus lanceolatum, Vernonia condensata e Lippia alba
Assuntos
Artemia , Medicina Tradicional , Extratos Vegetais , Plantas Medicinais/toxicidade , FarmacognosiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to develop a new approach to testing the impact of nickel antigen on in vitro cell-proliferation assay, to identify adverse reactions to casting alloys among orthodontic patients. Cell-proliferation assay in vitro was used as the basic methodology to assess the influence of such variables as source of nickel antigen, type of serum used to supplement the culture medium, and number of cells in the culture. We selected 35 orthodontic patients who were classified as nickel sensitive and non-nickel sensitive, based on their clinical records. Our results showed that hexahydrated nickel sulfate at 10 microg/mL, 10% of autologous sera, and 2 x 10(5) cells was the best condition for inducing the most marked nickel proliferation response in vitro. This optimized method was able to distinguish nickel-sensitive from non-nickel-sensitive dental patients and also to discriminate those with positive skin tests. Our data suggest that continuous exposure to nickel casting alloys might lead to oral tolerance mechanisms that modulate nickel sensitivity, as evidenced by the lower cell proliferation index in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment over 24 months. Finally, our findings demonstrated a known nickel-induced type 2 immune response and a marked lack of type 1 immunity (interferon gamma) as the hallmarks of nickel-sensitive patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the major cell phenotype associated with this type 2 immune response and the lack of type 1 immunity observed in nickel-sensitive people.