RESUMO

This paper presents a sustainable control strategy from a plantwide control (PWC) perspective. The proposed strategy is subjected to testing within an operational environment of an acrylic acid plant. To integrate sustainability tools into the plantwide optimizing control (PWOC) formulation, the present proposal suggests the utilization of green chemistry principles. These principles will be incorporated as constraints within the optimization problem. A comparative analysis is conducted between the proposed sustainable PWOC approach and two alternative structures: a PWOC framework that does not take sustainability issues into account and a conventional PWC structure. The findings indicate that the sustainable PWOC demonstrates superior economic performance from a financial standpoint, reaching the highest cumulative profitability(1.6274 × 105 USD), exceeding 11.94% in comparison to the PWOC without sustainability concerns, which reach a cumulative profitability of 1.4330 × 105 USD, and surpassing 13.01% when compared to the decentralized PWC approach, which reach a cumulative profitability of 1.4158 × 105 USD. Additionally, the sustainable PWOC demonstrated a reduced emission impact on the process, with a decrease of 6.17% compared to the unsustainable PWOC and a 9.79% decrease compared to the decentralized approach. This demonstrates that the incorporation of the proposed green chemistry metrics as an explicit component of the formulated PWC problem significantly mitigates the impacts of global warming and human health.

RESUMO

El divertículo de Meckel es la anomalía congénita más frecuente del tracto gastrointestinal, es un divertículo verdadero, ya que contiene todas las capas de la pared intestinal. Suele ser asintomático o se detecta de manera incidental en las pruebas de imágenes diagnósticas. Tiene un riesgo de complicación de 2-40%, siendo las más frecuentes la hemorragia, la obstrucción intestinal y la diverticulitis. Se describe el caso de un paciente masculino de 52 años de edad, que consultó al servicio de urgencias del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (España) por un cuadro de dolor abdominal, clínica infecciosa y de obstrucción intestinal. Mediante pruebas de imagen se diagnosticó una obstrucción intestinal secundaria a diverticulitis de Meckel por un enterolito, se realizó intervención quirúrgica y se confirmaron los hallazgos radiológicos descritos.

Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a true diverticulum, as it contains all layers of the intestinal wall. It is typically asymptomatic and detected incidentally on diagnostic imaging tests. It presents a 2-40% risk of complications, and the most common ones are hemorrhage, intestinal obstruction and diverticulitis. We presented the case of a 5 2-year-old male patient who was referred to the emergency department of the University Hospital of Salamanca (Spain) with abdominal pain, infectious symptoms besides intestinal obstruction. The imaging tests led to the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction secondary to Meckel's diverticulitis caused by an enterolith. A surgical intervention confirmed the radiological findings described.

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RESUMO

In a double blind trial, 319 fully immunized children received two doses of either placebo or 10(6.7) focus-forming units of the attenuated RIX4414 human rotavirus (RV) vaccine ("all-in-one" formulation). Plasma RV-specific IgA (RV IgA), stool RV IgA, and circulating total and RV memory B cells (CD19+ IgD+/- CD27+) with an intestinal homing phenotype (alpha4beta7+ CCR9+/-) were measured, after the first and second doses, as potential correlates of protection. After the first and/or second dose, 54% of vaccinees and 13% of placebo recipients had plasma RV IgA. Before vaccination, most (95%) of the children (of both study groups) were breast-fed and had stool RV IgA (68.64%). Coproconversion (4-fold increase) after the first and/or second dose was observed in 32.7% of vaccinees and 17.4% of placebo recipients. No significant difference was seen when comparing the frequencies of any subset of memory B cells between vaccinees and placebo recipients. Statistically significant weak correlations were found between plasma RV IgA titers and coproconversion, and several subsets of memory B cells. The vaccine provided 74.8% protection (95% confidence interval, 30.93-92.62) against any RV gastroenteritis and 100% protection (95% confidence interval, 14.53-100) against severe RV gastroenteritis. When vaccinees and placebo recipients were considered together, a correlation was found between protection from disease and plasma RV IgA measured after dose 2 and RV memory (IgD- CD27+ alpha4beta7+ CCR9+) circulating B cells measured after dose 1. However, the correlation coefficients for both tests were low (<0.2), suggesting that other factors are important in explaining protection from disease.

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