RESUMO
In order to enable the applicability of chitosan as an antifungal, soil fungi were isolated and identified, then used in its production. Fungal chitosan has several advantages, including lower toxicity, low cost, and high degree of deacetylation. These characteristics are essential for therapeutic applications. The results indicate high viability of the isolated strains to produce chitosan, obtaining a maximum yield of 40.59 mg chitosan/g of dry biomass. M. pseudolusitanicus L. was reported for the first time for production by chitosan. The chitosan signals were observed by ATR-FTIR and 13C SSNMR. Chitosans showed high degrees of deacetylation (DD), ranging from 68.8% to 88.5%. In comparison with the crustacean chitosan, Rhizopus stolonifer and Cunninghamella elegans presented lower viscometric molar masses (26.23 and 22.18 kDa). At the same time, the molar mass of chitosan Mucor pseudolusitanicus L. showed a value coincident with that assumed as low molar mass (50,000-150,000 g mol-1). Concerning the in vitro antifungal potential against the dermatophyte fungus Microsporum canis (CFP 00098), the fungal chitosans showed satisfactory antifungal activities, inhibiting mycelial growth by up to 62.81%. This study points to the potential of chitosans extracted from fungal cell walls for applications in the inhibition of the growth of (Microsporum canis) human pathogenic dermatophyte.
Assuntos
Quitosana , Humanos , Quitosana/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Fungos , Microsporum , Peso MolecularRESUMO
Haemonchus contortus is one of the most important gastrointestinal nematodes infecting sheep, being a production-limiting factor in sheep herds. Biological control has been used for many years either in combination with traditional parasiticides or as an alternative treatment itself. Bacillus thuringiensis can be a promising tool for an integrate control of H. contortus in sheep herds by disrupting nematode's life cycle, thus decontaminating pasture. This study aims to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. oswaldocruzi (Bto) on the development of H. contortus larvae in fecal sheep cultures. Bto concentrations (~1010 colony forming units, CFU / mL) were orally administered to thirty-six ewes naturally infected with H. contortus in three different pharmaceutical forms: hard gelatin capsule, mucoadhesive gel or suspension. The different treatments were carried out in a single oral administration (SOA). All formulations were effective in inhibiting larvae development compared with control groups in all time points studied (p < 0.05). The mucoadhesive gel showed ~90% of efficacy on inhibiting larvae development during all the time points post SOA. The suspension had 85% efficacy on inhibiting larvae development at 24-48 h and 96% at 72-96 h. The hard gelatin capsule was 57%, 62%, 73% and 96% effective inhibiting larvae development at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. This study highlights that disrupting the infective larval stage in the environment Bacillus thuringiensis var. oswaldocruzi is a promising prophylactic alternative in the H. contortus control.
Assuntos
Bacillus thuringiensis , Hemoncose , Administração Oral , Animais , Feminino , Gelatina/farmacologia , Hemoncose/veterinária , Larva , OvinosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Retinoblastoma survivors in low- and middle-income countries are exposed to high-intensity treatments that potentially place them at higher risk of early subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs). METHODS: We followed 714 (403 [56.4%] nonhereditary and 311 [43.5%] hereditary) retinoblastoma survivors diagnosed from August 1987 to December 2016, up to the age of 16 years. We quantified risk of SMNs with cumulative incidence (CI) and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) analysis. Multivariate regression Cox model was used to determine the association of treatments and risk of SMNs. RESULTS: Median follow-up was of 9 years (range: 0.18-16.9) and 24 survivors (3.36%) developed 25 SMNs (n = 22 hereditary, n = 2 nonhereditary). SMNs included sarcomas (osteosarcomas, Ewing sarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas; n = 12), leukemias (n = 5), and central nervous system tumors (CNS; n = 3). All cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and most of Ewing sarcomas occurred within 5 years of retinoblastoma diagnosis. The type of SMN was the main indicator of mortality (five of five patients with leukemias, six of 12 with sarcomas, and zero of three with CNS tumors died). Compared to the general population, radiation increased the risk of Ewing sarcoma in hereditary survivors by 700-fold (95% CI = 252-2422.6) and chemotherapy increased the risk of AML by 140-fold (95% CI = 45.3-436). The CI of SMNs for hereditary survivors was 13.7% (95% CI = 8.4-22.1) at 15 years. CONCLUSION: Retinoblastoma survivors from Argentina are at higher risk of developing SMNs early in life compared to the general Argentinean population, especially those treated with radiation plus chemotherapy. AML and Ewing sarcoma presented within 5 years of retinoblastoma diagnosis are associated with chemotherapy and radiation exposure.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas , Neoplasias da Mama , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central , Leucemia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária , Neoplasias , Neoplasias da Retina , Retinoblastoma , Sarcoma de Ewing , Sarcoma , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles , Adolescente , Argentina/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/complicações , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/complicações , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Leucemia/complicações , Neoplasias/complicações , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/diagnóstico , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/epidemiologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/etiologia , Neoplasias da Retina/complicações , Neoplasias da Retina/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Retina/terapia , Retinoblastoma/complicações , Retinoblastoma/epidemiologia , Retinoblastoma/terapia , Medição de Risco , Sarcoma/epidemiologia , Sarcoma/etiologia , Sarcoma/terapia , Sarcoma de Ewing/complicações , Neoplasias Cutâneas/complicações , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/complicações , SobreviventesRESUMO
The objective of this work was to evaluate the early and late immunological modulation of an experimental infection of T. canis larvae in mice. Mice were infected with 100 infective larvae and euthanized at different period: 24, 48 hours post infection (HPI), 15- and 30 days post infection (DPI). The humoral response was evaluated by indirect ELISA. Quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) was used to quantify the mRNA transcription of cytokines IL4, IL10, IL12 and Ym1 in the early and late infection periods. Infection with T. canis was able to generate specific total IgG at 15- and 30- DPI. Analyzing the IgG isotype revealed a significant differentiation for IgG1 compared with IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, characterizing a Th-2 response. Evaluating the gene transcription at the early phase of infection, higher transcription levels of IL10, IL4 and Ym1 and a downregulation of IL12 were observed. By the late phase, increased transcription levels of IL4, Ym1 and IL12 were observed, and downregulation of IL-10 transcription was observed. The data obtained suggest that during experimental infection with T. canis, the participation of the IL4, IL10, IL12 cytokines and Ym1 can play an important role in T. canis immunomodulation.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a modulação imunológica precoce e tardia da infecção experimental de larvas de T. canis em camundongos. Estes foram infectados com 100 larvas infectantes e eutanasiados em diferentes períodos: 24 e 48 horas pós infecção (HPI), 15 e 30 dias após a infecção (DPI). A resposta humoral foi avaliada por ELISA indireto. RT-PCR quantitativo (qPCR) foi usado para quantificar a transcrição de mRNA das citocinas IL4, IL10, IL12 e Ym1 nos períodos de infecção precoce e tardia. A infecção por T. canis foi capaz de gerar IgG total específico aos 15 e 30 DPI. A análise do isótipo IgG revelou uma diferenciação significativa para IgG1 em comparação com IgG2a, IgG2b e IgG3, caracterizando uma resposta Th-2. Avaliando-se a transcrição gênica na fase inicial da infecção, foram observados níveis mais elevados de transcrição de IL10, IL4 e Ym1 e a regulação negativa de IL12. Na fase tardia, foram observados níveis aumentados de transcrição de IL4, Ym1 e IL12, e foi observada regulação negativa da transcrição de IL-10. Os dados obtidos sugerem, que durante a infecção experimental com T. canis, a participação das citocinas IL4, IL10, IL12 e Ym1 podem desempenhar um papel importante na imunomodulação de T. canis.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Toxocaríase/diagnóstico , Toxocara canis/imunologia , Imunomodulação , Camundongos/parasitologia , Larva Migrans/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated in the last years that once medulloblastoma has recurred, the probability of regaining tumor control is poor despite salvage therapy. Although re-irradiation has an emerging role in other relapsed brain tumors, there is a lack of strong data on re-irradiation for medulloblastoma. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 18 years or under, treated at least by a second course of external beam for recurrence medulloblastoma at Garrahan Hospital between 2009 and 2020. Twenty-four patients met eligibility criteria for inclusion. All patients received upfront radiotherapy as part of the curative-intent first radiotherapy, either craniospinal irradiation (CSI) followed by posterior fossa boost in 20 patients or focal posterior fossa radiation in 4 infants. The second course of radiation consisted of CSI in 15 and focal in 9. The 3-year post first failure OS (50% vs. 0%; p = 0.0010) was significantly better for children who received re-CSI compared to children who received focal re-irradiation. Similarly, the 3-year post-re-RT PFS (31% vs. 0%; p = 0.0005) and OS (25% vs. 0%; p = 0.0003) was significantly improved for patients who received re-CSI compared to patients who received focal re-irradiation. No symptomatic intratumoral haemorrhagic events or symptomatic radionecrosis were observed. Survivors fell within mild to moderate intellectual disability range, with a median IQ at last assessment of 58 (range 43-69). CONCLUSIONS: Re-irradiation with CSI is a safe and effective treatment for children with relapsed medulloblastoma; improves disease control and survival compared with focal re-irradiation. However this approach carries a high neurocognitive cost.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Cerebelares , Radiação Cranioespinal , Meduloblastoma , Reirradiação , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neoplasias Cerebelares/radioterapia , Criança , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Meduloblastoma/radioterapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/radioterapia , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Actualmente existe una tendencia a la realización de dietas no saludables, siendo particularmente vulnerable el estudiantado universitario debido a la asunción de responsabilidades en la adquisición de hábitos alimentarios. Objetivos: El propósito de esta investigación ha sido verificar el ajuste de un modelo teórico, con ecuaciones estructurales, para la explicación del número de dietas a través del porcentaje de grasa y la insatisfacción corporal. Las participantes han sido 244 universitarias mexicanas, con una edad media de 19.98 años (DE=1.24). Los instrumentos utilizados han sido el porcentaje de grasa, el número de dietas para perder peso realizadas durante los dos últimos años y el Cuestionario IMAGEN para evaluar los distintos componentes de la insatisfacción corporal. Resultados: Se ha obtenido un ajuste satisfactorio siendo significativas la mayoría de las relaciones hipotetizadas. Se destaca que solo el planteamiento de cambio y el componente comportamental tiene un efecto directo en el número de dietas. También se resalta la capacidad mediadora de los factores de insatisfacción corporal entre las variables porcentaje de grasa y número de dietas. Conclusiones: Teniendo en cuenta el efecto total (efectos directos e indirectos), el componente comportamental, seguido por los componentes malestar emocional, perceptivo y planteamiento de cambio de la insatisfacción corporal, son las variables con mayor poder explicativo sobre el número de dietas. El porcentaje de grasa no muestra efecto directo sobre el número de dietas.
Abstract Introduction: Currently there is a trend towards unhealthy diets with university students being particularly vulnerable due to the assumption of responsibility for the acquisition of eating habits. Objective: The purpose of this research has been to fit the theorical model for the explication of the number of diets through percentage of body fat and body dissatisfaction through structural equations. The participants have been 244 Mexican college women, whose average age was 19.88 years (DE=1.24). The used tools have been the percentage body fat, the number of diets to lose weight for the last two years and the IMAGE Questionnaire to measure the different components of body dissatisfaction. Results: A satisfactory fit has been obtained, with most of the hypothesized relationships being significant. It is highlighted that only the change approach and the behavioral component have a direct effect on the number of diets. The mediating capacity of the body dissatisfaction factors between the variable's percentage of body fat and number of diets is also highlighted. Conclusions: Considering the total effect (direct and indirect effects), the behavioral component, followed by the emotional discomfort, perceptual discomfort and the change approach components of body dissatisfaction are the variables with the greatest explanatory power on the number of diets. The percentage of body fat shows no direct effect on the number of diets.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intracranial germ cell tumor (iGCT) represents a rare and heterogeneous group, with variable incidence and diverse treatment strategies. Although multiagent chemotherapy with reduced radiotherapy strategy has been applied by several cooperative groups in North America and Western Europe, there is a paucity of data to understand if this combined regimen is suitable in low-middle income countries (LMIC). METHODS: We evaluate the outcome in a cohort of iGCT treated by SIOP-CNS-GCT-96 strategy at hospital J.P Garrahan in Argentina over the last 20 years. Radiation field and dose included focal radiotherapy (FRT) before 2009 or focal radiotherapy plus whole ventricular radiotherapy (WVRT) after 2009 for localized germinoma and FRT or FRT plus WVRT or CSI for non germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT) RESULTS: Sixty iGCT were identified; 39 germinoma and 21 NGGCT. Median follow-up was 6.57 years (range 0.13-20.5). 5-year PFS and OS were 83.5% (95% CI [165.53-223.2]) and 88.7% (95% CI [169.84-223.2]) for the germinoma group, while for the NGGCT group were 75% (95% CI [133.27-219.96]) and 64.2% (95% CI [107.38-201.81]) respectively. The localized germinoma group showed poor results between 2000 and 2009 with 5-year PFS and OS of 69 and 75% respectively, and an excellent outcome between 2010 and 2019 with a 5-years PFS and OS of 92.8 and 100%. A univariable analysis identified this difference in survival as related to the field of radiotherapy, specifically whole ventricular radiotherapy. FRT increased the risk of recurrence in localized germinoma, involving not only ventricular relapses; but spinal cord and disseminated disease as well. There were no relapses of localized NGGCT after FRT and FRT plus WVRT. CONCLUSION: Herein we demonstrate that intensive chemotherapy followed by FRT plus WVRT for germinoma is a feasible and effective strategy, warranting further study in the developing world.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/terapia , Radioterapia/métodos , Adolescente , Argentina , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Criança , Irradiação Craniana/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Terapia Neoadjuvante/métodos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Although respiratory symptoms predominate in the disease caused by the SARS-Cov-2, the new coronavirus, the related neurological implications increase with numbers of new infected, requiring new tools and sufficient medical apparatus to improve the patients' prognosis. The purpose of this publication is based on the need to clarify the pathophysiological process of COVID-19 from a neurological perspective. The present study aims to review and describe the main neurological aspects associated with SARS-CoV-2, in addition to presenting proposals for conducting and managing these issues. METHODS: The MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Scopus databases were used for systematic research on the correlation between COVID-19 and the nervous system. The reference period were publications between May 2005 and July 2020. The temporal delimitation was based on the objective of elucidating the pathophysiology of neurological involvement seen in the current pandemic. Thus, in 2005, we found articles that reported different etiologies and mechanisms of action of the antiphospholipid syndrome, which helped to understand its current association with COVID-19. Other articles from years prior to the current one contributed, in the same sense of linking, with description of associated processes, in articles from 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The processes described in times before 2020 and currently correlated with cerebral dysfunction of COVID-19 were distribution of angiotensin II receptors in the brain, inflammation associated with the blood-brain barrier imbalance, and brain barrier function. "SARS-CoV-2 and complications," "neurology," "pathogeny of COVID-19," "stroke," and "encephalopathy" were terms included in the research. The relevance of the articles found was based on congruence with the search terms and on availability of the full text. RESULTS: Recent articles published reported mild neurological symptoms, with, for example, headache and anosmia as part of the set of common symptoms of COVID-19, highlighting the causal link between the disease and neurological complications that may exist during its evolution. It is still unknown whether the neurological clinical expression concomitant with the new coronavirus infection is a consequence or a coincidence. In order to properly treat and monitor these patients from the neurological point of view, it is essential, in times of pandemics, to suspect primary infection by SARS-Cov-2 and diagnose it to proceed with isolation and clinical support. CONCLUSION: The neurological implications of COVID-19 range from initial symptoms, such as headache, to serious complications, such as ischemic stroke. Although the pathogenesis of neurological phenomena requires further studies, targeted management of the patient is feasible, considering agility in recognizing the infection. Therefore, medical precaution and clinical reasoning are emphasized when providing services to the patient.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Pandemias , Sistema Nervoso Periférico , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Chemical modifications in the chitosan structure may result in obtaining a new material with improved chemical properties, such as an ability to encapsulate lipophilic compounds. This study aimed to synthesize cinnamic acid grafted chitosan nanogel to encapsulate the essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum and Cinnamomum ssp., in order to develop a material to be applied in the control of dermatophytosis caused by the fungus Microsporum canis. The cinnamic acid graft in chitosan was verified by the Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of the 13C Nucleus (13C SSNMR) and Thermal analysis coupled to mass spectrometry (TG-MS) techniques. The nanogel obtained showed affinity for the essential oils of S. aromaticum and Cinnamomum, with encapsulation efficiencies equal to 74% and 89%, respectively. When in an aqueous medium the nanogel with the encapsulated essential oils was able to form stable nanoparticles with average sizes of 176.0 ± 54.3 nm and 263.0 ± 81.4 nm. The cinnamic acid grafted chitosan nanogel showed antifungal activity in vitro against M. canis, inhibiting up to 53.96% of its mycelial growth. Complete inhibition of mycelial growth was achieved by the nanogel with encapsulated essential oils. The results found in this work demonstrated the development of a material with potential application in the control of dermatophytosis caused by the fungus M. canis.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/química , Quitosana/análogos & derivados , Cinamatos/química , Nanocápsulas/química , Nanogéis/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Cinnamomum/química , Microsporum/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/administração & dosagem , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Syzygium/químicaRESUMO
Abstract Coccidiosis, a disease caused by the parasitic Eimeria spp., affects birds of all ages, particularly young birds more intensely. Infected poultry presents significant economic losses. Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (Bti) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that produces proteins with high specific parasiticidal activity against various orders of parasites. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the parasiticidal potential of Bti in quails that were naturally infected with Eimeria bateri. Twenty 12-week-old male quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix), naturally infected with Eimeria bateri, were randomly divided into two groups of 10 birds: Bti treated and control. The treated group was supplemented with Bti (1×108 spores∙g-1) in the feed, while; the control group received the same feed without Bti. To evaluate the occurrence of oocysts, samples of feces were collected every week for four weeks. Significant (P < 0.05) oocysts reductions of 56.64% and 94.51% were noted in the Bti treated group at 2nd and 4th week of study, respectively. The Bti supplementation may contribute to the reduction of oocysts in quails and environmental contamination. Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis appeared to be a promising complementary alternative in E. bateri control.
Assuntos
Bacillus thuringiensis , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Coccidiose , EimeriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Concerns about the safety and efficacy of vaccines in patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) have led to contradictions and low vaccination coverage in this population, who are at a higher risk of infections, including by human papillomavirus (HPV). Although HPV vaccines have been recommended for immunocompromised patients, there is still a lack of data to support its use for AID patients, such as juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine in a cohort of JDM patients. METHODS: JDM patients aged from 9 to 20 years and healthy controls (HC) were enrolled to receive a 3-dose schedule of qHPV vaccine from March/2014 to March/2016. Study visits were performed before the first dose, 1 month after the second and third doses, and 6 months after the third dose. Participants completed a diary of possible adverse events for 14 days following each dose of vaccination (AEFV). Disease activity and current therapy were analyzed at each visit for JDM patients. In addition, serum samples from all participants were collected to test antibody concentrations against HPV16 and 18 at each visit. Participant recruitment was conducted in ten Brazilian centres. From 47 eligible JDM patients and 41 HC, 42 and 35, respectively, completed the 3-dose schedule of the vaccine, given that five JDM patients and two HC had received doses prior to their inclusion in the study. RESULTS: The AEFVs presented by the participants were mild and in general did not differ between JDM and HC groups. No severe AEFVs were related to the vaccination. Disease activity was stable, or even improved during the follow-up. One month after the third dose of the vaccine the JDM group presented seropositivity of 100% for HPV16 and 97% for HPV18, similarly to the HC group, who presented 100% for both serotypes (p = 1.000). Six months after the third dose the seropositivity for the patient group was 94% for both HPV types. CONCLUSIONS: The HPV vaccination in this cohort of JDM patients was safe and immunogenic. Since the seropositivity against HPV16 and 18 was very high after the 3-dose schedule, this regimen should be recommended for JDM patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry, number: RBR-9ypbtf . Registered 20 March 2018 - Retrospectively registered.
Assuntos
Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Dermatomiosite , Imunogenicidade da Vacina/imunologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Alphapapillomavirus/imunologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Dermatomiosite/epidemiologia , Dermatomiosite/imunologia , Dermatomiosite/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/efeitos dos fármacos , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/efeitos adversos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The study evaluated the ovicidal activity of enzymatic extracts of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Trichoderma virens against trichostrongylid eggs from sheep. Filtered extract (FE) and macerated crude extract (MCE) were prepared from fungal cultures in minimal broth. In the experiment, 100 trichostrongylid eggs, obtained from the feces of naturally infected sheep, were exposed to fungal extracts for 24 and 48 hours/25°C. In the control group, eggs were incubated in minimal broth. The number of L1 larvae was ascertained. Each treatment consisted of four repetitions and the experiment was repeated five times. It was observed that the effect of FE and MCE of P. lilacinum and T. virens on egg hatchability differed from that of the control group. MCE of T. virens and P. lilacinum showed higher ovicidal activity than FE over both periods and at 48 hours of exposure, respectively. From the percentage reductions in hatchability of the eggs, MCE was shown to be superior to FE for both fungi. This study demonstrated the ovicidal potential of these fungi against trichostrongylid eggs. However, further studies are needed in order to identify the molecules responsible for the ovicidal effects, and to evaluate the behavior of fungal extracts in biotic and abiotic interactions.
Assuntos
Agentes de Controle Biológico , Hypocrea , Hypocreales , Doenças dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Ovinos/parasitologia , Tricostrongiloidíase/veterinária , Animais , Larva , Óvulo , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Trichostrongyloidea , Tricostrongiloidíase/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccination in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) patients. METHODS: Volunteer cSLE patients aged 9-20 years and healthy controls (HC) were enrolled to receive a two- or three-dose qHPV vaccination schedule from March 2014 to March 2016. Study visits were performed before the first dose, one month after the second and third doses and one year after the first dose. In each study visit, disease activity and adverse events following vaccination were analyzed, and a serum sample was collected for testing antibody concentrations. Participant recruitment was conducted in 15 Brazilian paediatric rheumatology units. Of the 256 cSLE patients included, 210 completed the two- or three-dose schedules; 15 had previously received one dose, and 18 had received two doses of the vaccine. The analysis was based on intention-to-treat so that participants who did not complete the entire study protocol were also included. RESULTS: No severe adverse events were related to the vaccination. Disease activity was generally low and remained stable or even improved. The HC presented 100% seropositivity to HPV16 and HPV18, whereas the two- and three-dose cSLE groups presented 93% and 83% versus 97% and 91%, respectively. One year after the first dose, seropositivity of the three-dose cSLE group was 91% to HPV16 and 84% to HPV18. CONCLUSIONS: HPV vaccination in cSLE patients is safe and immunogenic. Since the seropositivity to HPV16 and HPV18 was higher for the three-dose schedule group, this regimen should be recommended for cSLE patients.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vacina Quadrivalente Recombinante contra HPV tipos 6, 11, 16, 18/imunologia , Imunogenicidade da Vacina/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Vacinação/métodos , Adolescente , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Vacina Quadrivalente Recombinante contra HPV tipos 6, 11, 16, 18/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/sangue , Masculino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Adulto JovemRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi encontrar a relação do uso de probióticos e/ou prebióticos na prevenção do desenvolvimento de eczema atópico em crianças com alto risco. Foram utilizadas para esta revisão as bases de dados MEDLINE, via PubMed, SciELO e LILACS, com os seguintes descritores "(probiotics OR prebiotics) AND (allergy) AND (eczema)". Foram selecionados ensaios clínicos randomizados publicados até janeiro de 2020, sem restrição de idioma, em humanos, desde o nascimento até os 18 anos de idade. Foram recuperados 247 artigos, sendo cinco utilizados para análise. Quatro estudos não demonstraram relação entre o uso de probióticos e/ou prebióticos e a prevenção de eczema atópico em crianças de alto risco. Em contrapartida, um dos trabalhos obteve associação positiva, porém restrito a crianças com alergia à proteína do leite de vaca. Foi concluído nesta revisão que não existe relação entre o uso de probiótico e/ ou prebióticos em crianças de alto risco de atopia na prevenção de eczema, com possível exceção em crianças com alergia ao leite da vaca, com o desenvolvimento de eczema. É necessário a realização de mais estudos em longo prazo para a confirmação de real associação.
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the use of probiotics and/or prebiotics and the onset of eczema in children with high risk of atopy. PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases were used with the following descriptors: "(probiotics OR prebiotics) AND (allergy) AND (eczema)." Randomized clinical trials published up to January 2020, with no language restriction, involving humans from birth to 18 years of age were included. In total, 247 articles were found, and five were included in the analysis. Four trials did not show a relationship between the use of probiotics and/or prebiotics and the prevention of atopic eczema in high-risk children. In contrast, one clinical trial reported a positive association, but restricted to children with cow's milk allergy. In conclusion, there is no relationship between the use of probiotics and/or prebiotics and the onset of eczema in children with high risk of atopy, with a possible exception for children with cow's milk allergy. Additional long-term studies are necessary to confirm whether this association is true.
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Hipersensibilidade a Leite , Probióticos , Dermatite Atópica , Eczema , Prebióticos , PubMed , LILACSRESUMO
The study evaluated the ovicidal activity of enzymatic extracts of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Trichoderma virens against trichostrongylid eggs from sheep. Filtered extract (FE) and macerated crude extract (MCE) were prepared from fungal cultures in minimal broth. In the experiment, 100 trichostrongylid eggs, obtained from the feces of naturally infected sheep, were exposed to fungal extracts for 24 and 48 hours/25°C. In the control group, eggs were incubated in minimal broth. The number of L1 larvae was ascertained. Each treatment consisted of four repetitions and the experiment was repeated five times. It was observed that the effect of FE and MCE of P. lilacinum and T. virens on egg hatchability differed from that of the control group. MCE of T. virens and P. lilacinum showed higher ovicidal activity than FE over both periods and at 48 hours of exposure, respectively. From the percentage reductions in hatchability of the eggs, MCE was shown to be superior to FE for both fungi. This study demonstrated the ovicidal potential of these fungi against trichostrongylid eggs. However, further studies are needed in order to identify the molecules responsible for the ovicidal effects, and to evaluate the behavior of fungal extracts in biotic and abiotic interactions.(AU)
O estudo avaliou a atividade ovicida de extratos enzimáticos de Purpureocillium lilacinum e Trichoderma virens sobre ovos de tricostrongilídeos de ovinos. Extrato filtrado (EF) e extrato macerado bruto (EMB) foram preparados a partir de culturas fúngicas em caldo mínimo. No ensaio experimental, 100 ovos de tricostrongilídeos, obtidos de fezes de ovinos naturalmente infectados, foram expostos durante 24 e 48 horas/25ºC aos extratos dos fungos. No grupo controle, os ovos foram incubados em caldo mínimo. O número de larvas L1 foi determinado. Cada tratamento consistiu em quatro repetições e o experimento foi repetido cinco vezes. Observou-se que o efeito ovicida do EF e EMB de P. lilacinum e T. virens diferiu do grupo controle. O EMB de T. virens e P. lilacinum evidenciou atividade ovicida superior ao EF em ambos os períodos avaliados e em 48 horas de exposição, respectivamente. O percentual de redução de eclodibilidade evidenciou que o EMB foi superior ao EF em ambos os fungos. Este estudo demonstra o potencial ovicida desses fungos sobre ovos de tricostrongilídeos. No entanto, estudos adicionais são necessários para identificar as moléculas responsáveis pelo efeito ovicida, bem como avaliar o comportamento dos extratos fúngicos em interações bióticas e abióticas.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ovinos/parasitologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Trichoderma/patogenicidade , Técnicas In VitroRESUMO
Abstract Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection (GIN) are the main constraint to the production of small ruminants. Studies of medicinal plants have been an important alternative in the effort to control these parasites. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis. The oil was extracted, analyzed by gas chromatography and tested on GIN eggs and larvae in six concentrations, 227.5mg/mL, 113.7mg/mL, 56.8mg/mL, 28.4mg/mL, 14.2mg/mL and 7.1mg/mL. To determine the ovicidal activity, GIN eggs were recovered from sheep feces and incubated for 48h with different concentrations of the oil. For the evaluation of larval migration, third-stage larvae (L3) were obtained by fecal culture, and associated with the essential oil for 24h at the same concentrations, after which they were left for another 24 hours on microsieves, followed by the count of migrating and non-migrating larvae. The assays of R. officinalis oil showed a significant (p<0.05) 97.4% to 100% inhibition of egg hatching and a significant (p<0.05) 20% to 74% inhibition of larval migration. The main constituent revealed by gas chromatography was Eucalyptol. The results indicate that R. officinalis essential oil has ovicidal and larvicidal activity on sheep GINs.
Resumo As infecções por nematódeos gastrintestinais (ING) constituem a maior limitação à produção de pequenos ruminantes. Na busca do controle desses parasitos, estudos com plantas medicinais têm sido uma importante alternativa. Visto isto, o estudo desenvolvido teve como objetivo avaliar a ação ovicida e larvicida in vitro do óleo essencial de Rosmarinus officinalis. O óleo foi extraído, analisado por cromatografia gasosa e testado sobre ovos e larvas de ING em seis concentrações, 227,5mg/mL; 113,7mg/mL; 56,8mg/mL; 28,4mg/mL; 14,2mg/mL; 7,1mg/mL. Para determinar a ação ovicida, ovos de ING foram recuperados de fezes de ovinos e incubados por 48h com as diferentes concentrações do óleo. Na avaliação da migração das larvas, as larvas de terceiro estágio (L3) foram obtidas por coprocultura, e associadas ao óleo essencial por 24h nas mesmas concentrações, permanecendo por mais 24h em microtamises, seguindo-se a contagem de larvas que migraram e que não migraram. Os testes in vitro com o óleo de R. officinalis mostraram o nível de significância (p<0.05) 97,4% a 100% na inibição da eclodibilidade e 20% a 74% na inibição da migração das larvas. Na análise por cromatografia gasosa o constituinte majoritário foi o eucaliptol. Os resultados apresentados mostram que o óleo essencial de R. officinalis possui ação ovicida e larvicida sobre ING de ovinos.
Assuntos
Animais , Óvulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Ovinos/parasitologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Rosmarinus/química , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Nematoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia Gasosa , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Nematoides/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection (GIN) are the main constraint to the production of small ruminants. Studies of medicinal plants have been an important alternative in the effort to control these parasites. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis. The oil was extracted, analyzed by gas chromatography and tested on GIN eggs and larvae in six concentrations, 227.5mg/mL, 113.7mg/mL, 56.8mg/mL, 28.4mg/mL, 14.2mg/mL and 7.1mg/mL. To determine the ovicidal activity, GIN eggs were recovered from sheep feces and incubated for 48h with different concentrations of the oil. For the evaluation of larval migration, third-stage larvae (L3) were obtained by fecal culture, and associated with the essential oil for 24h at the same concentrations, after which they were left for another 24 hours on microsieves, followed by the count of migrating and non-migrating larvae. The assays of R. officinalis oil showed a significant (p<0.05) 97.4% to 100% inhibition of egg hatching and a significant (p<0.05) 20% to 74% inhibition of larval migration. The main constituent revealed by gas chromatography was Eucalyptol. The results indicate that R. officinalis essential oil has ovicidal and larvicidal activity on sheep GINs.
Assuntos
Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Nematoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óvulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Rosmarinus/química , Ovinos/parasitologia , Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Nematoides/isolamento & purificação , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade ParasitáriaRESUMO
Left ventricular assisted devices (LVADs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced heart failure, providing meaningful increases in survival, functional capacity, and quality of life. There are two categories of LVADs patients: (1) bridge-to-transplant and (2) destination therapy. Advanced heart failure and destination LVADs often carry a poor prognosis. The overall 1-year mortality rate remains as high as 30%. LVAD-specific infections, LVAD-related infections, and non-LVAD-related infections represent important emerging clinical problems in this setting. With an incidence ranging from 30 to 50%, these lead to high rates of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Bacteremias caused by anaerobic pathogens in patients with LVAD are underreported. Herein, we describe the microbiological findings, treatment, and clinical outcome of four patients with LVADs and advanced heart failure with anaerobic bacteremias. Fusobacterium species was the most frequent etiological agent. Most patients had a relatively favorable short-term outcome with survival rates of 100% at 30 days and of 50% at 90 days. However, due to other multiple long-term complications, overall mortality remains at 50% during the first year and increases to 75% beyond the first year. Anaerobic bacteremia sources included the oral cavity from odontogenic infections and aspiration pneumonia. Anaerobic bacteremia constitutes an unfavorable mortality prognostic factor in patients with destination LVADs. We recommend implementing preventive strategies with a comprehensive dental care evaluation in patients with LVADs and advanced heart failure.
RESUMO
Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection (GIN) are the main constraint to the production of small ruminants. Studies of medicinal plants have been an important alternative in the effort to control these parasites. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis. The oil was extracted, analyzed by gas chromatography and tested on GIN eggs and larvae in six concentrations, 227.5mg/mL, 113.7mg/mL, 56.8mg/mL, 28.4mg/mL, 14.2mg/mL and 7.1mg/mL. To determine the ovicidal activity, GIN eggs were recovered from sheep feces and incubated for 48h with different concentrations of the oil. For the evaluation of larval migration, third-stage larvae (L3) were obtained by fecal culture, and associated with the essential oil for 24h at the same concentrations, after which they were left for another 24 hours on microsieves, followed by the count of migrating and non-migrating larvae. The assays of R. officinalis oil showed a significant (p 0.05) 97.4% to 100% inhibition of egg hatching and a significant (p 0.05) 20% to 74% inhibition of larval migration. The main constituent revealed by gas chromatography was Eucalyptol. The results indicate that R. officinalis essential oil has ovicidal and larvicidal activity on sheep GINs.(AU)
As infecções por nematódeos gastrintestinais (ING) constituem a maior limitação à produção de pequenos ruminantes. Na busca do controle desses parasitos, estudos com plantas medicinais têm sido uma importante alternativa. Visto isto, o estudo desenvolvido teve como objetivo avaliar a ação ovicida e larvicida in vitro do óleo essencial de Rosmarinus officinalis. O óleo foi extraído, analisado por cromatografia gasosa e testado sobre ovos e larvas de ING em seis concentrações, 227,5mg/mL; 113,7mg/mL; 56,8mg/mL; 28,4mg/mL; 14,2mg/mL; 7,1mg/mL. Para determinar a ação ovicida, ovos de ING foram recuperados de fezes de ovinos e incubados por 48h com as diferentes concentrações do óleo. Na avaliação da migração das larvas, as larvas de terceiro estágio (L3) foram obtidas por coprocultura, e associadas ao óleo essencial por 24h nas mesmas concentrações, permanecendo por mais 24h em microtamises, seguindo-se a contagem de larvas que migraram e que não migraram. Os testes in vitro com o óleo de R. officinalis mostraram o nível de significância (p 0.05) 97,4% a 100% na inibição da eclodibilidade e 20% a 74% na inibição da migração das larvas. Na análise por cromatografia gasosa o constituinte majoritário foi o eucaliptol. Os resultados apresentados mostram que o óleo essencial de R. officinalis possui ação ovicida e larvicida sobre ING de ovinos.(AU)