RESUMO

Este estudo foi realizado para determinar o efeito de hidroxitolueno butilado (BHT) sobre a qualidade do sêmen canino congelado e descongelado, utilizando o diluidor à base de água de coco em pó (ACP-106c). Para tanto, foram realizadas quinze coletas de sêmen provenientes de cinco cães. O sêmen obtido foi diluído em ACP-106c acrescido de glicerol e gema de ovo. As amostras foram então transferidas para tubos contendo diferentes concentrações de BHT (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mM). Em seguida, as amostras foram envasadas, congeladas e armazenadas em nitrogênio líquido. O sêmen coletado foi avaliado in natura quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: coloração, volume da fração espermática, motilidade total, vigor, concentração, morfologia e funcionalidade de membrana espermática. Após uma semana, as amostras foram descongeladas e avaliadas por meio de análise computadorizada, como também foram realizadas análises da funcionalidade de membrana e da morfologia espermática. A motilidade progressiva no grupo BHT 2,0 mM foi significativamente superior (P < 0,05) do que a do grupo BHT 0 mM (27,6 ± 11,7% vs. 19,0 ± 9,5%, respectivamente). Em todos os demais parâmetros avaliados, não houve diferença entre os grupos testados. Portanto, conclui-se que a adição do BHT ao diluidor ACP-106c não afetou a qualidade do sêmen canino pós-descongelação.(AU)

This study was conducted to determine the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the quality of canine sperm frozen and thawed using the powdered coconut water based (ACP-106c) extender. Therefore, fifteen ejaculates were collected from five dogs. Semen obtained was diluted in ACP-106c added of glycerol and egg yolk. The samples were then transferred to tubes containing different concentrations of BHT (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM). After that, the samples were filled into straws, frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Fresh semen was evaluated for the following parameters: color, sperm fraction volume, total motility, vigor, concentration, morphology, and HOST test. After one week, the samples were thawed and evaluated by computer analysis, as well as for membrane functionality and sperm morphology. Progressive motility in the 2.0 mM BHT group was significantly higher (P <0.05) than that of the 0 mM BHT group (27.6 ± 11.7% vs. 19.0 ± 9.5%, respectively). Regarding all other parameters evaluated, there was no difference between the groups tested. Therefore, the addition of BHT to the ACP-106c extender did not affect the quality of canine semen after thawing.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este estudo foi realizado para determinar o efeito de hidroxitolueno butilado (BHT) sobre a qualidade do sêmen canino congelado e descongelado, utilizando o diluidor à base de água de coco em pó (ACP-106c). Para tanto, foram realizadas quinze coletas de sêmen provenientes de cinco cães. O sêmen obtido foi diluído em ACP-106c acrescido de glicerol e gema de ovo. As amostras foram então transferidas para tubos contendo diferentes concentrações de BHT (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mM). Em seguida, as amostras foram envasadas, congeladas e armazenadas em nitrogênio líquido. O sêmen coletado foi avaliado in natura quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: coloração, volume da fração espermática, motilidade total, vigor, concentração, morfologia e funcionalidade de membrana espermática. Após uma semana, as amostras foram descongeladas e avaliadas por meio de análise computadorizada, como também foram realizadas análises da funcionalidade de membrana e da morfologia espermática. A motilidade progressiva no grupo BHT 2,0 mM foi significativamente superior (P < 0,05) do que a do grupo BHT 0 mM (27,6 ± 11,7% vs. 19,0 ± 9,5%, respectivamente). Em todos os demais parâmetros avaliados, não houve diferença entre os grupos testados. Portanto, conclui-se que a adição do BHT ao diluidor ACP-106c não afetou a qualidade do sêmen canino pós-descongelação.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the quality of canine sperm frozen and thawed using the powdered coconut water based (ACP-106c) extender. Therefore, fifteen ejaculates were collected from five dogs. Semen obtained was diluted in ACP-106c added of glycerol and egg yolk. The samples were then transferred to tubes containing different concentrations of BHT (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM). After that, the samples were filled into straws, frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Fresh semen was evaluated for the following parameters: color, sperm fraction volume, total motility, vigor, concentration, morphology, and HOST test. After one week, the samples were thawed and evaluated by computer analysis, as well as for membrane functionality and sperm morphology. Progressive motility in the 2.0 mM BHT group was significantly higher (P <0.05) than that of the 0 mM BHT group (27.6 ± 11.7% vs. 19.0 ± 9.5%, respectively). Regarding all other parameters evaluated, there was no difference between the groups tested. Therefore, the addition of BHT to the ACP-106c extender did not affect the quality of canine semen after thawing.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of spermatozoa recovered from domestic cats epididymis using the ACP-117c or Tris extenders added by egg yolk and cooled for 24h. Four cats were used. The animals were submitted to bilateral orchiectomy, obtaining the testis epididymis complexes (TEC). The TEC were stored in 0.9% saline solution and cooled at 4 °C for 2h. Then the spermatozoa were recovered with ACP-117c or Tris and evaluated for motility and vigor. Subsequently, 80µl of the dilution were placed in a 1.5 mL micro tube together with 20µl of egg yolk and the cells were reassessed. Soon after, an aliquot was stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C for 24 hours and then reassessed. The total motility and sperm vigor using the ACP-117c extender were significantly lower in the group refrigerated for 24h when compared to the fresh group. The motility and vigor declined in the refrigerated group with Tris for 24h as compared to other groups. The motility with Tris was higher than the motility with ACP-117c after 24h of cooling. The epididymal spermatic cells of domestic cats can maintain motility parameters and vigor required for further use after addition of egg yolk, however, further studies should be developed with ACP-117c in the post-cooling time in order to obtain better results.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de espermatozoides recuperados do epidídimo de gatos domésticos utilizando os diluidores ACP-117c ou Tris adicionados de gema de ovo e refrigerados por 24h. Foram utilizados quatro gatos. Os animais foram submetidos à orquiectomia bilateral, obtendo-se os complexos testículo-epidídimo (CTE). Os CTE foram acondicionados em solução fisiológica a 0,9% e refrigerados a 4 °C durante 2h. Em seguida, os espermatozoides foram recuperados com ACP-117c ou Tris e avaliados quanto à motilidade e ao vigor. Posteriormente, 80µl da diluição foram acondicionados em um microtubo de 1,5mL juntamente com 20µl de gema de ovo e as células reavaliadas. Logo após, uma alíquota foi armazenada sob refrigeração a 4 ºC por 24h e então novamente avaliada. A motilidade total e o vigor espermático utilizando o diluidor ACP-117c foram significativamente inferiores no grupo refrigerado por 24h quando comparados ao grupo fresco. A motilidade e o vigor declinaram no grupo refrigerado com o Tris por 24h em comparação aos outros grupos. A motilidade com o Tris foi superior à motlilidade com o ACP-117c após 24h de refrigeração. As células espermáticas epididimárias de gatos domésticos conseguem manter os parâmetros de motilidade e vigor necessários para posterior utilização após adição da gema de ovo, entretanto, no período pós-refrigeração devem ser desenvolvidos novos estudos com ACP-117c com vistas a melhores resultados.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Mammary neoplasms play a key role in veterinary medicine and over the years has kept the attention of researchers. This report describes these neoplasms’ occurrence according to age and breed of affected animals from 2003 to 2011 in Fortaleza and Metropolitan Area, Northeastern Brazil. A total of 336 samples were obtained. The median age was 8.6 years. Over a nine-year survey there was no male mammary tumors included. Only females comprised our data. The most affected dog breeds were Poodles (n=118; 35,11%) and Crossbreeds (n=50; 14,88%), the majority of them stricken with malignant neoplasms comprising: Mixed tumor carcinoma (51,69%), Infiltrative Ductal Carcinoma (15,73%), Tubulopapillary Carcinoma (12,36%) and Tubular Carcinoma (7,87%). The most common benign tumors were: Benign Mixed Tumor (59,49%), Complex Adenoma (18,99%) and Adenoma-Simple (8,23%).

Neoplasias mamárias em cães apresentam uma significativa importância em medicina veterinária e tem sido muito investigadas. Este trabalho descreve a ocorrência dessas neoplasias relacionadas a faixa etária e raça dos animais entre os anos de 2003 e 2011 em Fortaleza e Região Metropolitana. Um total de 336 amostras foram obtidas. Ao longo dos 9 anos de levantamento somente cadelas apresentaram neoplasias mamárias nessa região, com uma idade média de 8,6 anos. Não houve casos em machos durante o período supracitado. Em relação as raças podemos listar a Poodle (n=118; 35,11%) e SRD (n=50; 14,88%) como as mais comuns. Embora haja variação entre o comportamento observado das neoplasias, a maior parte dos tumores diagnosticados foram malignos e compreenderam: Carcinoma em Tumor Misto (51,69%), Carcinoma Ductal Infiltrante (15,73%), Carcinoma Túbulo-Papilífero (12,36%) e Carcinoma Tubular (7,87%). Entre os tumores benignos os mais comuns foram: Tumor Misto Benigno (59,49%), Adenoma Complexo (18,99%) e o Adenoma Simples (8,23%).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Mammary neoplasms play a key role in veterinary medicine and over the years has kept the attention of researchers. This report describes these neoplasms occurrence according to age and breed of affected animals from 2003 to 2011 in Fortaleza and Metropolitan Area, Northeastern Brazil. A total of 336 samples were obtained. The median age was 8.6 years. Over a nine-year survey there was no male mammary tumors included. Only females comprised our data. The most affected dog breeds were Poodles (n=118; 35,11%) and Crossbreeds (n=50; 14,88%), the majority of them stricken with malignant neoplasms comprising: Mixed tumor carcinoma (51,69%), Infiltrative Ductal Carcinoma (15,73%), Tubulopapillary Carcinoma (12,36%) and Tubular Carcinoma (7,87%). The most common benign tumors were: Benign Mixed Tumor (59,49%), Complex Adenoma (18,99%) and Adenoma-Simple (8,23%).(AU)

Neoplasias mamárias em cães apresentam uma significativa importância em medicina veterinária e tem sido muito investigadas. Este trabalho descreve a ocorrência dessas neoplasias relacionadas a faixa etária e raça dos animais entre os anos de 2003 e 2011 em Fortaleza e Região Metropolitana. Um total de 336 amostras foram obtidas. Ao longo dos 9 anos de levantamento somente cadelas apresentaram neoplasias mamárias nessa região, com uma idade média de 8,6 anos. Não houve casos em machos durante o período supracitado. Em relação as raças podemos listar a Poodle (n=118; 35,11%) e SRD (n=50; 14,88%) como as mais comuns. Embora haja variação entre o comportamento observado das neoplasias, a maior parte dos tumores diagnosticados foram malignos e compreenderam: Carcinoma em Tumor Misto (51,69%), Carcinoma Ductal Infiltrante (15,73%), Carcinoma Túbulo-Papilífero (12,36%) e Carcinoma Tubular (7,87%). Entre os tumores benignos os mais comuns foram: Tumor Misto Benigno (59,49%), Adenoma Complexo (18,99%) e o Adenoma Simples (8,23%).(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Ultrasound is commonly used in queens for diagnosis and monitoring of pregnancy and may also be used to estimate the date of birth in cats with unknown date of mating, representing a valuable aid in clinical practice and in reproductive programs. The determination of gestational age can be made based on sonographic fetal measurements. In bitches, the conformation of the cranium should be considered in proportional variations in measurements because it interferes with predicting parturition date. Although domestic cats do not show a large variation in terms of size, they present variation in the cranial conformation. So far, there is no study that has produced mathematical equations for determination of gestational age in cats considering these differences. Thus, there is a widespread use of these equations that can lead to mistakes in this estimation. This study aimed to verify the accuracy of prediction of delivery date in cats of different cranial conformation through mathematical equations enshrined in clinical practice, using different sonographic measurements and verify the effect of litter size on the accuracy of determination of days to delivery. Materials, Methods & Results: Sonographic examinations were performed on pregnant brachycephalic and mesaticephalic cats. Biparietal and abdominal diameters and depth of the fetal diencephalo-telencephalic vesicle were measured. The average value of each structure was calculated and ultrasound prediction of days before delivery was obtained by applying equations derived from growth curves that have been already published. All mathematical equations used in predicting the date for delivery showed lower percentage of success, regardless of the type of the parameter and cranial ultrasound used. The biparietal diameter was the most reliable measure for estimating the date of delivery. The litter size did not influence the accuracy of determining the date of delivery. Discussion: Although queens have ovulation induced by copulation and date of birth would be more easily predicted than in bitches, with a good accuracy and subsequent birth date, it is extremely important to be able to plan clinical delivery assistance or a c-section. In this study, the application of the equations derived from the growth curves of biparietal and abdominal diameter and depth of the fetal diencephalo-telencephalic vesicle resulted in little accurate predictions of delivery date for the three and sonographic parameters for both types cranial. The generalization use of these equations for cats may lead to errors in the estimation of gestational age. Although the equations used in this study are old, we opted for their use in this work, because they are still widely used in ultrasound practice, still being cited in recent publications on this subject. Studies that performed the ultrasound monitoring of pregnancy in cats and dogs show that the fetus ordinary course follows a well-defined development with particular characteristics of development at specific times during pregnancy. This makes clear that the evaluation of these characteristics is useful for predicting the day of delivery and can also be applied in other breeds, unlike the mathematical equations that are specific to each breed standard. Thus, it is suggested that the estimate of gestational age is made in conjunction with the fetometry and observation of fetal growth and subsequent organogenesis, avoiding the use of one of the tools individually so that one has higher reliability in this prediction. Thus, it was concluded that the mathematical equations already published are not individually sufficient for accurate determination of date of birth in brachycephalic and mesaticephalic cats.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Two-dimensional ultrasound associated to the color and spectral doppler tool allows a complete anatomic and vascular hemodynamic evaluations. The use of these techniques are already well established in Human Medicine, however, in Veterinary Medicine, its use it still relatively recent. Studies on the male reproductive tract, especially in dogs, are scarce and based on small and heterogenic samples. Due to the importance of understanding the normal canine prostate and testes, it was aimed to evaluate the prostate and testes of Boxer dogs by two-dimensional ultrasound associated to color and spectral doppler. Materials, Methods & Results: Five Boxer dogs, ranging from fi ve to seven years old, healthy and presenting a known normal reproductive history were used. Prostatic and testicular volumes were obtained by two-dimensional ultrasonography linear measurements and the volume was calculated using the spheroid formula. The prostatic artery in locations: cranial (entering the gland), subcapsular (bordering the capsule), parenchymal (irrigating the prostatic parenchyma) and caudal (leaving the gland) and testicular artery in marginal locations and convoluted spermatic cord were characterized by color doppler ultrasonography through qualitative assessment of flow and measurement of the diameter and the number of pixels formed, and spectral for the morphological characteristics of the spectra and obtain the dopplervelocimetrics parameters: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index and resistance index. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were submitted to ANOVA, followed by Student t test (P < 0.05). The mean prostatic volume was 18.20 ± 0.14 cm³. Right and left testes presented a mean volume of 10.89 ± 0.27 and 10.70 ± 0.41 cm³, respectively. According to the quality of flow, color Doppler signal was classified as intense in cranial and caudal prostatic arteries and along the testicular artery; moderate at subcapsular prostatic artery and little evident in parenchymal prostatic artery. The vessels studied by spectral Doppler showed arterial waveform morphology, with a continuous pattern, with laminar flow different among the studied locations. The testicular artery in both locations and the subcapsular and parenchymal prostatic arteries showed a flow of low resistance and monophasic waveform pattern. The cranial and caudal prostatic arteries showed a biphasic waveform of high resistance. Color and spectral doppler parameters differ at all locations of all vessels, except for PSV and EDV at all locations of the prostatic artery and the pulsatility index and resistance index of the cranial and caudal prostatic arteries. No statistical differences were found between right and left testes, Discussion: Until the present, there are no studies about normal prostatic size in Boxer dogs, mainly using animals within the same group and homogeneous weight. The volume determination is positively correlated to animal weight and it can represent testes development. The prostatic and testicular ultrasound patterns were similar to those already described. The doppler signal could be accurately detect in all studied vessels. The decrease in the vessel diameter collaborates to doppler variation measured by pixels. However, the absence of change in PSV and EDV occurred because there were no changes in cardiac acceleration speed. The presence of a notch is supposed to be due to the difference between subcapsular and parenchymal diameters. The two-dimensional ultrasound associated to Doppler ultrasound may serve as an additional tool in assessing reproductive dogs and that the location of both prostatic and testicular arteries will influence the results.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate blood flow in fetal and maternal vessels by Triplex Doppler and its association with development of blood vessels during gestation in the domestic cat. Ten queens were examined weekly from 14 to 63 d after mating. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of uteroplacental, aorta and umbilical fetal arteries and caudal vena cava of the fetus were evaluated. Throughout pregnancy, there was an increase in PSV and EDV in the aorta and umbilical arteries. In the caudal vena cava, there was an increase in PSV, whereas the EDV was constant, with a significant increase on Day 63. Peak systolic velocity and EDV of the uteroplacental artery reduced significantly on Day 63. Resistance index of the umbilical artery progressively decreased. In the aorta, this reduction was detected only on Day 42, with no defined pattern in the caudal vena cava and uteroplacental artery. Pulsatility index of the aorta varied. Although pulsatility increased in the caudal vena cava on Day 35 and remained elevated, pulsatility was significantly reduced in the umbilical artery by Day 63. The pulsatility index of the uteroplacental artery was constant (increased only on Day 63). Triplex Doppler evaluation could be a useful adjunct for prenatal care of pregnant queens, including assessment of vascular gestational development and prediction of gestational age.

Assuntos