RESUMO
The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of different concentrations of rutin on primordial follicle survival and development after in vitro culture of sheep ovarian tissue, and to verify the possible involvement of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway in the rutin actions. Ovarian fragments were fixed for histological analysis (fresh control) or cultured in α-minimum essential medium alone (α-MEM+: control medium) or in α-MEM+supplemented with different concentrations of rutin (0.1; 1 or 10 µg/mL) for 7 days. Inhibition of the PI3K activity was performed in fragments cultured with 50 µM LY294002. Thereafter, immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (apoptosis) and Akt phosphorylation (p-Akt). The results showed that 1 µg/mL rutin has a greater percentage of normal follicles (P < 0.05) than those of α-MEM+ and other rutin treatments. In addition, 1 µg/mL rutin maintained the follicular apoptosis similar (P > 0.05) to that of the fresh control and lower than α-MEM+ and 10 µg/mL rutin. All rutin concentrations increased (P < 0.05) follicular activation compared to fresh control and α-MEM+. Furthermore, follicular and oocyte diameters increased (P < 0.05) only after culture with 1 µg/mL rutin. After PI3K inhibition, there was a reduction (P < 0.05) of rutin follicular effects. In conclusion, rutin at 1 µg/mL reduces apoptosis, promotes activation and growth of sheep primordial follicles through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway after in vitro culture of ovine ovarian tissue.
Assuntos
Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Animais , Apoptose , Feminino , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Rutina/farmacologia , Ovinos , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos/veterináriaRESUMO
Neoplasias múltiplas são relativamente comuns em cães, no entanto são escassos os relatos sobre essa condição clínica. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar um caso de ocorrência de diferentes neoplasias em uma cadela da raça Weimaraner, de 13 anos de idade. O paciente foi referido devido ao histórico de recorrência de melanoma oral e ao exame físico foi constatada dispneia intensa. A radiografia do crânio revelou proliferação periosteal ativa, reabsorção óssea e aumento dos espaços periodontais, em mandíbula esquerda, sugerindo neoplasia ou processo infeccioso. Radiografias torácicas revelaram um padrão pulmonar intersticial miliar e nodular, com múltiplos nódulos radiopacos, de diferentes tamanhos, difusamente distribuídos pelos lobos, caracterizando metástase pulmonar. Devido a condição clínica e ao prognóstico desfavorável, foi realizada a eutanásia do animal. Ao exame post mortem foram identificados dois nódulos em cavidade oral, bem como, diversos nódulos nas cadeias mamárias esquerda e direita e tumor em glândula adrenal. Metástases do melanoma oral foram evidenciadas no pulmão, espaço intercostal e vesícula urinária. Durante a necropsia, realizou-se coleta aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) dos nódulos descritos previamente, e os achados citológicos se correlacionaram aos histopatológicos.
Multiple neoplasms are relatively common in dogs, however there are few reports of this medical condition. The objective of the present study was to report a case of occurrence of different neoplasms in a 13 year-old Weimaraner female dog. The patient was referred due to a history of oral melanoma recurrence and physical examination showed intense dyspnea. The radiographic analysis of the skull revealed active periosteal proliferation, bone resorption and increased periodontal spaces in the left mandible, suggesting neoplasia or infectious process. Chest radiographs revealed a miliary and nodular interstitial lung pattern, with multiple radiopaque nodules of different sizes, diffusely distributed in the lobes, characterizing pulmonary metastasis. Due to the clinical condition and poor outcome, it was performed the euthanasia. At post mortem examination it was identified two oral cavity nodules, as well as several nodules in the left and right mammary chains and an adrenal tumour. Metastases of oral melanoma were evidenced in the lung, intercostal space and bladder. During the necropsy, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed for the nodules described previously and cytological and histopathological findings findings were correlated.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Melanoma/complicações , Melanoma/patologia , Melanoma/veterinária , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/veterinária , Autopsia/veterináriaRESUMO
Neoplasias múltiplas são relativamente comuns em cães, no entanto são escassos os relatos sobre essa condição clínica. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar um caso de ocorrência de diferentes neoplasias em uma cadela da raça Weimaraner, de 13 anos de idade. O paciente foi referido devido ao histórico de recorrência de melanoma oral e ao exame físico foi constatada dispneia intensa. A radiografia do crânio revelou proliferação periosteal ativa, reabsorção óssea e aumento dos espaços periodontais, em mandíbula esquerda, sugerindo neoplasia ou processo infeccioso. Radiografias torácicas revelaram um padrão pulmonar intersticial miliar e nodular, com múltiplos nódulos radiopacos, de diferentes tamanhos, difusamente distribuídos pelos lobos, caracterizando metástase pulmonar. Devido a condição clínica e ao prognóstico desfavorável, foi realizada a eutanásia do animal. Ao exame post mortem foram identificados dois nódulos em cavidade oral, bem como, diversos nódulos nas cadeias mamárias esquerda e direita e tumor em glândula adrenal. Metástases do melanoma oral foram evidenciadas no pulmão, espaço intercostal e vesícula urinária. Durante a necropsia, realizou-se coleta aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) dos nódulos descritos previamente, e os achados citológicos se correlacionaram aos histopatológicos.
RESUMO
Neoplasias múltiplas são relativamente comuns em cães, no entanto são escassos os relatos sobre essa condição clínica. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar um caso de ocorrência de diferentes neoplasias em uma cadela da raça Weimaraner, de 13 anos de idade. O paciente foi referido devido ao histórico de recorrência de melanoma oral e ao exame físico foi constatada dispneia intensa. A radiografia do crânio revelou proliferação periosteal ativa, reabsorção óssea e aumento dos espaços periodontais, em mandíbula esquerda, sugerindo neoplasia ou processo infeccioso. Radiografias torácicas revelaram um padrão pulmonar intersticial miliar e nodular, com múltiplos nódulos radiopacos, de diferentes tamanhos, difusamente distribuídos pelos lobos, caracterizando metástase pulmonar. Devido a condição clínica e ao prognóstico desfavorável, foi realizada a eutanásia do animal. Ao exame post mortem foram identificados dois nódulos em cavidade oral, bem como, diversos nódulos nas cadeias mamárias esquerda e direita e tumor em glândula adrenal. Metástases do melanoma oral foram evidenciadas no pulmão, espaço intercostal e vesícula urinária. Durante a necropsia, realizou-se coleta aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) dos nódulos descritos previamente, e os achados citológicos se correlacionaram aos histopatológicos.(AU)
Multiple neoplasms are relatively common in dogs, however there are few reports of this medical condition. The objective of the present study was to report a case of occurrence of different neoplasms in a 13 year-old Weimaraner female dog. The patient was referred due to a history of oral melanoma recurrence and physical examination showed intense dyspnea. The radiographic analysis of the skull revealed active periosteal proliferation, bone resorption and increased periodontal spaces in the left mandible, suggesting neoplasia or infectious process. Chest radiographs revealed a miliary and nodular interstitial lung pattern, with multiple radiopaque nodules of different sizes, diffusely distributed in the lobes, characterizing pulmonary metastasis. Due to the clinical condition and poor outcome, it was performed the euthanasia. At post mortem examination it was identified two oral cavity nodules, as well as several nodules in the left and right mammary chains and an adrenal tumour. Metastases of oral melanoma were evidenced in the lung, intercostal space and bladder. During the necropsy, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed for the nodules described previously and cytological and histopathological findings findings were correlated.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/veterinária , Melanoma/complicações , Melanoma/patologia , Melanoma/veterinária , Autopsia/veterináriaRESUMO
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, which is transmitted through the bite of hematophagous insects of the genus Lutzomyia. This study aimed at testing in vitro the phototoxic effect of aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) on the viability of Leishmania major and Leishmania braziliensis. Stationary phase promastigote forms were treated with AlPcS4 at 1.0 µM and 10.0 µM and incubated for one hour. Then 659 nm laser was applied at 5 and 10 J/cm². Parasite viability was determined by differential count using the trypan blue dye exclusion method and by monitoring growth curves for nine days. Trypan blue exclusion assay showed a significant reduction of viable parasites compared to controls, L. major seemed more sensitive to the toxic effects of AlPcS4 in the dark. The most effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) was obtained with AlPcS4 at 10.0 µM and 10 J/cm² whereas L. braziliensis showed the highest mortality rate after treatment.
Assuntos
Animais , Antiparasitários , Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania major , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos FotossensibilizantesRESUMO
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, which is transmitted through the bite of hematophagous insects of the genus Lutzomyia. This study aimed at testing in vitro the phototoxic effect of aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) on the viability of Leishmania major and Leishmania braziliensis. Stationary phase promastigote forms were treated with AlPcS4 at 1.0 µM and 10.0 µM and incubated for one hour. Then 659 nm laser was applied at 5 and 10 J/cm². Parasite viability was determined by differential count using the trypan blue dye exclusion method and by monitoring growth curves for nine days. Trypan blue exclusion assay showed a significant reduction of viable parasites compared to controls, L. major seemed more sensitive to the toxic effects of AlPcS4 in the dark. The most effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) was obtained with AlPcS4 at 10.0 µM and 10 J/cm² whereas L. braziliensis showed the highest mortality rate after treatment.(AU)
Assuntos
Leishmania/patogenicidade , Fotoquimioterapia/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Mice genetically selected for high (H) and low (L) antibody production (Selection IV-A) were used as murine experimental model. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the macrophagic activity and to characterize the immune response in Mycobacterium bovis-AN5 infected mice (3X107 bacteria). The response profile previously observed in such strains was not similar to that obtained during M. bovis infection; however, it corroborated works carried out using Selection I, which is very similar to Selection IV-A regarding infection by M. tuberculosis and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Considering bacterial recovery, LIV-A mice showed higher control of the infectious process in the lungs than in the spleen, whereas HIV-A mice presented more resistance in the spleen. With respect to macrophagic activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was probably not involved in the infection control since there was an inhibition in the production of this metabolite. Nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-a production seemed to be important in the control of bacterial replication and varied according to the strain, period and organ. Evaluation of the antibody production indicated that the multi-specific effect commonly observed in these strains was not the same in the response to M. bovis. Antibody concentrations were higher in LIV-A than in HIV-A mice at the beginning of the infection, being similar afterwards. Such data were compared with delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), which was more intense in HIV-A than in LIV-A mice, indicating that antibody production is independent of the capability to trigger DTH reactions and that cellular and humoral responses to M. bovis antigens show a polygenic control and an independent quantitative genetic regulation. Differences were observed among organs and metabolites, suggesting that different mechanisms play an important role in this infection in natural heterogeneous populations, indicating that NO, TNF-a and Th1 cytokines are involved in the infection control.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Imunidade , Formação de Anticorpos , Mycobacterium bovis , Peróxido de HidrogênioRESUMO
Mice genetically selected for high (H) and low (L) antibody production (HIV-A and LIV-A) were used in an experimental model of paracoccidioidomycosis. In a previous work, it was observed that male HIV-A animals were more susceptible to the infection due to adrenal gland damage. Male HIV-A and LIV-A animals were intravenously inoculated with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (strain 18) and sacrificed 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after inoculation. At each time interval, lungs and adrenals were removed to estimate recoverability of the fungus, as well as to determine Th1 (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine profiles. While viable fungi recoverability from the lungs of HIV-A mice was higher after 4 and 8 weeks, there was less fungal recovery from the adrenals of LIV-A animals after the 2nd week, with total fungal elimination after the 8th week. With regard to Th2 cytokines, there was an inhibition in IL-4 production in the organs from infected animals, the extent of which varied according to the organ and the time period after initiation of infection. IL-10 production was found to be lower in both organs. Determination of Th1 cytokines revealed that IFN-gamma production increased in both organs, mainly in the adrenal of LIV-A after 8 and 10 weeks, when these animals showed a total fungal elimination. A significant difference was observed between HIV-A and LIV-A concerning TNF-alpha production in both organs and at all recovery times, in that LIV-A produced a higher level of this cytokine, mainly in the adrenal. These results may explain the high susceptibility of HIV-A to P. brasiliensis infection, is due, at least in part, to adrenal involvement. The higher production of Th1 cytokines by LIV-A in comparison to HIV-A mice may account for LIV-A resistance to P. brasiliensis infection. Our data reveal the importance of this experimental model in the study of the adrenal involvement in paracoccidioidomycosis, since this gland may be highly compromised in the patients, leading to the development of Addison's Disease.
Assuntos
Glândulas Suprarrenais/metabolismo , Citocinas/biossíntese , Pulmão/metabolismo , Paracoccidioides , Paracoccidioidomicose/imunologia , Células Th1/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antifúngicos/biossíntese , Citocinas/análise , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Células Th1/metabolismo , Células Th2/imunologiaRESUMO
Modelos com animais são usados para se pesquisar a toxicidade de fármacos, alimentos e novas substâncias com propriedades farmacológicas. Tem sido considerado que o consumo de flavonóides em alimentos é da ordem de 1g proveniente de vegetais, como frutas, leguminosas, etc. Com este objetivo, o presente trabalho avaliou os efeitos da rutina em diferentes doses, através das concentrações de proteínas, enzimas aspartato amino transferase (AST) e alanina amino transferase (ALT) em soro de coelhos. Alterações que ocorreram nos níveis séricos de proteína não foram estatisticamente significativos nos grupos e tempos avaliados para os machos e para as fêmeas. A atividade da AST também não representou diferença estatisticamente significativa. Já para ALT, observou-se variação apenas com 20mg de rutina para os machos nos tempos 0 e 28 dias. Através dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a rutina não causou patologias hepáticas.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Alanina Transaminase , Aspartato Aminotransferases/administração & dosagem , Coelhos , RutinaRESUMO
Flavonoids are pigments fenolics of plants that possess several biological activities, and many of these are associated with prevention of chronic diseases as cancer and hyperlipidemia. This work had as objective evaluates the effect of the flavonoids naringin and rutin on the metabolism lipidic of chicks hypercholesterolemic. In agreement with the results it can be observed that naringin and rutin reduced the levels of total cholesterol significantly, cholesterol-LDL, cholesterol-VLDL and triglycerols, not presenting, however, reductions in the levels of cholesterol-HDL.