RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Inner Santiago Health Study (ISHS) aimed to (i) estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD; i.e. depressive and anxiety disorders) among immigrants of Peruvian origin in Chile; (ii) determine whether such immigrants are at higher risk of CMD when compared with the native-born geographically matched population (i.e. non-immigrants); and (iii) identify factors associated with higher risk of any CMD among this immigrant group. A secondary aim was to describe access to mental health services by Peruvian immigrants meeting criteria for any CMD. METHODS: Findings are based on a population-based cross-sectional household mental health survey of 608 immigrant and 656 non-immigrant adults (18-64 years) residing in Santiago de Chile. Diagnoses of ICD-10 depressive and anxiety disorders and of any CMD were obtained using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. The relationships between demographic, economic, psychosocial, and migration-specific predictor variables, and risk of any CMD were analyzed with a series of stepwise multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: The one-week prevalence of any CMD was 29.1% (95% CI: 25.2-33.1) among immigrants and 34.7% (95% CI: 30.7-38.7) among non-immigrants. Depending on the statistical model used in the pooled sample, we found the prevalence of any CMD among non-immigrants to be higher (OR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.05-2.25) or similar (OR=1.34; 95% CI: 0.94-19.2) when compared with immigrants. In the multivariate stepwise regression of any CMD in immigrants only, the prevalence was higher for females, those with primary compared to higher education, in debt and exposed to discrimination. Conversely, higher levels of functional social support, sense of comprehensibility, and manageability were associated with a lower risk of any CMD in immigrants. In addition, no differences were observed between immigrants and non-immigrants reporting any CMD in mental health service utilization. CONCLUSION: Our results evidence high levels of current CMD in this immigrant group, particularly amongst women. However, lower adjusted prevalence of any CMD in immigrants compared to non-immigrants was limited to preliminary statistical models, thus failing to provide clear support for a "healthy immigrant effect". The study sheds new light on differences in CMD prevalence by immigrant status in Latin America by examining differential exposure to risk factors in immigrant versus non-immigrant groups.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Peru/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos de AnsiedadeRESUMO
The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) promotes the development of population estimates related to this epidemic, based on the use of the SPECTRUM software. In Chile, the estimates are updated annually, the last one corresponding to the year 2017, a process that included the participation of representatives of the Ministry of Health with the advice of experts from the UNAIDS headquarters in Geneva. The development of the 2017 estimation process yielded a number of 67,000 people living with HIV in 2017 (lower limit of 58,000 - upper limit of 76,000), with a prevalence in the group of 15 to 49 years of 0.6% (0.5-0.6%) and an incidence of 0.33 per thousand inhabitants. This document synthesizes the 2017 estimation process carried out in Chile, as well as the main results generated through this methodology.
Assuntos
Epidemias , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Gravidez , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Resumen El Programa Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/SIDA (ONUSIDA) promueve el desarrollo de estimaciones poblacionales relacionadas a esta epidemia, a partir del uso del software SPECTRUM. En Chile las estimaciones se actualizan anualmente, correspondiendo la última de ellas al año 2017, proceso que contó con la participación de representantes del Ministerio de Salud con la asesoría de expertos de la sede de ONUSIDA en Ginebra. El desarrollo del proceso de estimaciones 2017 arrojó un número de 67.000 personas con infección por VIH en el año 2017 (límite inferior de 58.000 - límite superior de 76.000), con una prevalencia en el grupo de 15 a 49 años de 0,6% (0,5-0,6%) y una incidencia de 0,33 por mil habitantes. El presente documento sintetiza el proceso de estimaciones 2017 realizado en Chile, así como los principales resultados generados a través de esta metodología.
The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) promotes the development of population estimates related to this epidemic, based on the use of the SPECTRUM software. In Chile, the estimates are updated annually, the last one corresponding to the year 2017, a process that included the participation of representatives of the Ministry of Health with the advice of experts from the UNAIDS headquarters in Geneva. The development of the 2017 estimation process yielded a number of 67,000 people living with HIV in 2017 (lower limit of 58,000 - upper limit of 76,000), with a prevalence in the group of 15 to 49 years of 0.6% (0.5-0.6%) and an incidence of 0.33 per thousand inhabitants. This document synthesizes the 2017 estimation process carried out in Chile, as well as the main results generated through this methodology.