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Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) e caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico no Brasil e suas regiões geográficas numa série temporal de 25 anos. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo ecológico de séries temporais. Considerou-se como participantes do estudo a população brasileira dividida em faixas etárias, que tiveram como causa básica do óbito a PCM. Para calcular a variação percentual anual (VPA) dos coeficientes, na análise de tendência, foi utilizada a regressão de Prais-Winsten. Os coeficientes de mortalidade foram calculados a nível nacional, segundo as regiões geográficas, sexo e faixa etária e proporcional para as demais variáveis. Resultados: De acordo com os resultados deste estudo, ocorreram 2.101 óbitos por PCM no Brasil. A tendência ao longo dos 25 anos evidenciou um comportamento estável nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Já no Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste houve uma tendêndia de queda. A mortalidade média no Brasil foi de 84,04/100 mil hab., VPA -3,29 (IC 95% -2,43; -4,14). Levando em consideração a análise dos aspectos sociodemográficos, houve um predomínio de escolaridade ignorada (764; 36%), raça/ cor da pele branca (1.109; 53%), estado civil misto: casado (942; 45%) e solteiro (640; 30%), local de ocorrência do óbito predominantemente no âmbito hospitalar (1.852; 88%). Conclusão: Tanto no Brasil como nas regiões geográficas Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste a mortalidade por PCM apresentou-se com tendência temporal decrescente. Já nas regiões Nordeste e Norte a tendência foi estacionária. O perfil sociodemográfico dos pacientes que foram a óbito apontou para sexo masculino, adultos, de baixa escolaridade, brancos e casados.
Objective: To analyze the trend in mortality from paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) and characterize the sociodemographic profile in Brazil and its geographic regions in a 25-year time series. Methods: This is an ecological time series study. The study participants were the Brazilian population divided into age groups whose underlying cause of death was PCM. To calculate the annual percentage change (VPA) of the coefficients in the trend analysis, the Prais-Winsten regression was used. National mortality coefficients were calculated according to geographic regions, sex and age group and proportional to the other variables. Results: According to this study, there were 2,101 deaths from PCM in Brazil. The trend over the 25 years showed stable behavior in the North and Northeast regions. In the South, Southeast, and Midwest, there was a downward trend. The average mortality in Brazil was 84.04/100,000 inhab., VPA -3.29 (95% CI -2.43; -4.14). According to the analysis of sociodemographic aspects, there was a predominance of ignored schooling (764 deaths; 36%), white race/skin color (1,109; 53%), mixed marital status: married (942; 45%) and single (640; 30%), and place of death predominantly in the hospital environment (1,852; 88%). Conclusion: In Brazil and in the Southeast, South, andMidwest geographic regions, mortality from PCM showed a decreasing temporal trend. In the Northeast and North regions, the trend was stationary. The sociodemographic profile of the dying patients indicated males, adults, with low education, white, and married.
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Humanos , Paracoccidioidomicose , Fatores Sociodemográficos , Mortalidade , Adulto , EscolaridadeRESUMO
The development of electronic gadgets has become of great relevance for the detection of fraud in beverages such as wine, due to the addition of adulterants that bring risks to human health as well as economic impacts. Thus, the present study aims to apply a buckypaper (BP) based on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/cellulose fibers as a sensor for the analysis of Port wine intentionally adulterated with 5 vol.% and 10 vol.% distilled water and ethyl alcohol. The morphology of BP characterized by scanning electron microscopy indicates the formation of agglomerates of random MWCNTs dispersed on the surface and between the fibers of the cellulosic paper. The analysis of the response of the film through the normalized relative resistance change showed a higher response of 0.75 ± 0.16 for adulteration with 10 vol.% of water and a mean response time of 10.0 ± 3.60 s and recovery of approximately 17.2 min for adulteration with 5 vol.% alcohol. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in data processing to evaluate the ability of BP to recognize and discriminate analytes and adulterating agents, allowing the investigation of its potential application as a low-cost and easy-to-handle multisensor.
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Nanotubos de Carbono , Vinho , Humanos , Celulose , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
Abstract Objective Female sterilization is a surgical procedure that aims women to permanently stop the use of conception. The benefits, risks and cost-effectiveness are important issues. The purpose of this study was comparing the applicability, complications and efficacy of salpingectomy versus electrocoagulation and tubal occlusion by laparoscopy in the Ambulatory Surgery Unit. Methods We performed a retrospective and observational study that included women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization procedures at our Ambulatory Surgery Unit, during three years. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, applying the Fisher exact test, the Mann-Whitney test, and Linear Regression. Results Two hundred and twenty-one laparoscopic surgical procedures were performed, including 79 (35.7%) bilateral total salpingectomies and 142 (64.3%) electrocoagulation and bilateral tubal occlusion procedures. The majority of the procedures were performed by a resident (n = 162; 73.3%), with 40% (n = 33) of salpingectomies. The surgical time, independently the type of surgeon, was significantly shorter in the tubal occlusion (42.2 vs. 52.7 min, p < 0.001). Safety and efficacy endpoints were not significantly different between the two groups, with a case of pregnancy in tubal occlusion group. Conclusion Salpingectomy is a safe and effective alternative comparing with electrocoagulation and tubal occlusion.
Resumo Objetivo A esterilização feminina é um procedimento cirúrgico que auxilia as mulheres na paragem permanente de utilização de métodos contraceptivos. Os objetivos desde estudo foram comparar a aplicabilidade, complicações e eficácia da salpingectomia vs. eletrocoagulação e secção tubar na esterilização feminina em regime de ambulatório. Métodos Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo e observacional que incluiu mulheres submetidas a procedimentos de esterilização por laparoscopia no Serviço de Cirurgia de Ambulatório da ULSAM, durante três anos. A análise estatística foi realizada com recurso ao SPSS, aplicando o teste exato de Fisher, o teste de Mann-Whitney e Regressão Linear. Resultados Foram realizados 221 procedimentos cirúrgicos por laparoscopia, incluindo 79 (35,7%) salpingectomias totais bilaterais e 142 (64,3%) procedimentos por eletrocoagulação e secção tubar bilateral. A maioria dos procedimentos foram realizados por um interno de formação específica (n = 162; 73,3%), com 40% (n = 33) de salpingectomias. O tempo operatório foi significativamente inferior no grupo da eletrocoagulação (42,2 vs. 52,7 min, p < 0,001). Em relação à segurança e à eficácia não se observaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos, com um caso de gravidez após eletrocoagulação e secção tubar. Conclusão A salpingectomia é uma alternativa segura e com alta taxa de eficácia quando comparada com eletrocoagulação e secção tubar.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Esterilização , Laparoscopia , SalpingectomiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Female sterilization is a surgical procedure that aims women to permanently stop the use of conception. The benefits, risks and cost-effectiveness are important issues. The purpose of this study was comparing the applicability, complications and efficacy of salpingectomy versus electrocoagulation and tubal occlusion by laparoscopy in the Ambulatory Surgery Unit. METHODS: We performed a retrospective and observational study that included women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization procedures at our Ambulatory Surgery Unit, during three years. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, applying the Fisher exact test, the Mann-Whitney test, and Linear Regression. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-one laparoscopic surgical procedures were performed, including 79 (35.7%) bilateral total salpingectomies and 142 (64.3%) electrocoagulation and bilateral tubal occlusion procedures. The majority of the procedures were performed by a resident (n = 162; 73.3%), with 40% (n = 33) of salpingectomies. The surgical time, independently the type of surgeon, was significantly shorter in the tubal occlusion (42.2 vs. 52.7 min, p < 0.001). Safety and efficacy endpoints were not significantly different between the two groups, with a case of pregnancy in tubal occlusion group. CONCLUSION: Salpingectomy is a safe and effective alternative comparing with electrocoagulation and tubal occlusion.
OBJETIVO: A esterilização feminina é um procedimento cirúrgico que auxilia as mulheres na paragem permanente de utilização de métodos contraceptivos. Os objetivos desde estudo foram comparar a aplicabilidade, complicações e eficácia da salpingectomia vs. eletrocoagulação e secção tubar na esterilização feminina em regime de ambulatório. MéTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo e observacional que incluiu mulheres submetidas a procedimentos de esterilização por laparoscopia no Serviço de Cirurgia de Ambulatório da ULSAM, durante três anos. A análise estatística foi realizada com recurso ao SPSS, aplicando o teste exato de Fisher, o teste de Mann-Whitney e Regressão Linear. RESULTADOS: Foram realizados 221 procedimentos cirúrgicos por laparoscopia, incluindo 79 (35,7%) salpingectomias totais bilaterais e 142 (64,3%) procedimentos por eletrocoagulação e secção tubar bilateral. A maioria dos procedimentos foram realizados por um interno de formação específica (n = 162; 73,3%), com 40% (n = 33) de salpingectomias. O tempo operatório foi significativamente inferior no grupo da eletrocoagulação (42,2 vs. 52,7 min, p < 0,001). Em relação à segurança e à eficácia não se observaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos, com um caso de gravidez após eletrocoagulação e secção tubar. CONCLUSãO: A salpingectomia é uma alternativa segura e com alta taxa de eficácia quando comparada com eletrocoagulação e secção tubar.
Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Esterilização Tubária , Eletrocoagulação/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Salpingectomia/métodos , Esterilização Tubária/métodosRESUMO
Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation (CSD) has been shown to reduce shocks and subsequent pain of implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) in patients with heart diseases and recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) who did not respond properly to oral therapy and ablation. A 68-year-old man who presented an idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy with impaired ejection fraction was treated for VT. A bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation was performed under general anesthesia. Patient was extubated in the operating room and transferred to ICU where he presented hypotension. He was discharged after five days and remained symptom-free without any incident of VT during hospital stay. Currently no definite anesthetic management is available to treat such patients. This report discusses an approach that made heart rate control and safe patient discharge possible.
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Introdução: As neoplasias malignas representam enorme demanda em saúde pública, devido a sua alta taxa de morbidade e mortalidade, associada à alta incidência e prevalência no Brasil e no mundo. O câncer tem vários fatores de risco que fazem com que os grupos populacionais exibam diferentes padrões de incidência. Esses padrões geralmente estão associados a hábitos e exposição ambiental. Objetivo: Conhecer o perfil epidemiológico de cânceres malignos da cidade de Catanduva e microrregião, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Método: Os dados foram obtidos dos diagnósticos confirmados de cânceres malignos a partir de biópsias realizadas pelo sistema público de saúde da cidade de Catanduva e da sua região de abrangência, analisados e comparados com dados das demais regiões brasileiras e mundiais. Resultados: Diferentes padrões para idade, sexo e tipos de câncer foram encontrados, como menor incidência de tumores de próstata, colo do útero e pulmão comparados ao perfil nacional. Em contraste, melanoma e câncer de útero tiveram maior incidência. Conclusão: Esses dados revelam uma distribuição epidemiológica distinta, possivelmente explicada pelas características socioeconômicas e ambientais da região e poderão auxiliar a formular políticas de saúde adequadas a essa realidade.(AU)
Introduction: Malignant neoplasms represent a huge demand in public health, due to their high rate of morbidity and mortality, associated with the high incidence and prevalence in Brazil and worldwide. Cancer has several risk factors that cause population groups to exhibit different patterns of incidence. These patterns are usually associated with environmental exposure and habits. Objective: To know the epidemiological profile of malignant cancers in the city of Catanduva and micro-region, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Method: Data were obtained from confirmed diagnoses of malignant cancers based on biopsies performed by the public health system in the city of Catanduva and its region of coverage, analyzed and compared with data from other Brazilian and world regions. Results: Different patterns for age, sex and types of cancer were found, such as a lower incidence of prostate, cervical and lung tumors compared to the national profile. In contrast, melanoma and uterine cancer had a higher incidence. Conclusion: These data reveal a distinct epidemiological distribution, possibly explained by the socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of the region and may help to formulate health policies appropriate to this reality.(AU)
Introducción: Las neoplasias malignas representan una gran demanda de salud pública debido a su alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad, vinculada con una alta incidencia y prevalencia en Brasil y en todo el mundo. El cáncer tiene numerosos factores de riesgo, lo que hace que los grupos de población exhiban diferentes patrones de incidencia. Tales patrones se asocian generalmente con los hábitos y la exposición ambiental. Objetivo: Conocer el perfil epidemiológico de cánceres malignos de la ciudad de Catanduva y microrregión, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Los datos fueron obtenidos de los diagnósticos confirmados de cánceres malignos a partir de biopsias realizadas por el sistema público de salud de la ciudad de Catanduva y de su región de alcance, analizados y comparados con datos de las demás regiones brasileñas y mundiales. Resultados: Diferentes patrones para edad, sexo y tipos de cáncer se encontraron, como menor incidencia de tumores de próstata, cuello de útero y pulmón comparados al perfil nacional. En contraste, el melanoma y el cáncer de útero tuvieron mayor incidencia. Conclusión: Estos datos revelan una distribución epidemiológica distinta, posiblemente explicada por las características socioeconómicas y ambientales de la región y podrán auxiliar a formular políticas de salud adecuadas a esa realidad.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Perfil de Saúde , Incidência , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Enfermagem em Saúde Pública , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Sistema Único de SaúdeRESUMO
Mortality from collision with vehicles is the most visible impact of road traffic on wildlife. Mortality due to roads (hereafter road-kill) can affect the dynamic of populations of many species and can, therefore, increase the risk of local decline or extinction. This is especially true in Brazil, where plans for road network upgrading and expansion overlaps biodiversity hotspot areas, which are of high importance for global conservation. Researchers, conservationists and road planners face the challenge to define a national strategy for road mitigation and wildlife conservation. The main goal of this dataset is a compilation of geo-referenced road-kill data from published and unpublished road surveys. This is the first Data Paper in the BRAZIL series (see ATLANTIC, NEOTROPICAL, and BRAZIL collections of Data Papers published in Ecology), which aims make public road-kill data for species in the Brazilian Regions. The dataset encompasses road-kill records from 45 personal communications and 26 studies published in peer-reviewed journals, theses and reports. The road-kill dataset comprises 21,512 records, 83% of which are identified to the species level (n = 450 species). The dataset includes records of 31 amphibian species, 90 reptile species, 229 bird species, and 99 mammal species. One species is classified as Endangered, eight as Vulnerable and twelve as Near Threatened. The species with the highest number of records are: Didelphis albiventris (n = 1,549), Volatinia jacarina (n = 1,238), Cerdocyon thous (n = 1,135), Helicops infrataeniatus (n = 802), and Rhinella icterica (n = 692). Most of the records came from southern Brazil. However, observations of the road-kill incidence for non-Least Concern species are more spread across the country. This dataset can be used to identify which taxa seems to be vulnerable to traffic, analyze temporal and spatial patterns of road-kill at local, regional and national scales and also used to understand the effects of road-kill on population persistence. It may also contribute to studies that aims to understand the influence of landscape and environmental influences on road-kills, improve our knowledge on road-related strategies on biodiversity conservation and be used as complementary information on large-scale and macroecological studies. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set other than citation of this Data Paper.
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Abstract Objective: To describe the characteristics of children aged 0-14 years diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis and compare the following outcomes between children with prior diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus and children without prior diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus length of hospital stay, severity on admission, insulin dosage, time of continuous insulin use, volume of fluids infused during treatment, and complications. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study with review of medical records of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of a referral hospital from June 2013 to July 2015. The following data regarding 52 admissions were analyzed: age, sex, weight, body surface area, signs, symptoms and severity on admission, blood gas, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum osmolarity, and index of mortality. The insulin dosage, time of continuous insulin use, volume administered in the expansion phase and in the first 24 h, length of stay, and complications such as electrolyte disturbances, hypoglycemia, cerebral edema, and death were compared between the two groups. Results: Patients without a previous diagnosis of DM1 were younger at admission, with mean age of 8.4 years (p < 0.01), reported more nausea or vomiting, polydipsia and polyuria, and showed more weight loss (p < 0.01). This study also observed a higher prevalence of hypokalemia (p < 0.01) and longer hospital stay in this group. Conclusions: No differences in severity between groups were observed. The study showed that children without prior diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus were younger at admission, had more hypokalemia during the course of treatment, and had greater length of hospital stay.
Resumo Objetivo: Descrever as características de pacientes até 14 anos admitidos com diagnóstico de cetoacidose diabética e comparar desfechos entre os pacientes com diabete melito tipo 1 prévio e aqueles sem diabete melito tipo 1 prévio: tempo de internação, gravidade na admissão, dose de insulina usada, tempo de insulinização contínua, volume de líquido infundido durante o tratamento e complicações. Métodos: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo com revisão de prontuários de pacientes internados na UTI pediátrica de um hospital de referência de junho de 2013 a julho de 2015. Analisamos os seguintes dados referentes a 52 internações: idade, sexo, peso, superfície corporal, sinais, sintomas, gravidade na admissão, gasometrias, glicemia, hemoglobina glicada, osmolaridade sérica e índice de mortalidade. As crianças com diabete já diagnosticado foram comparadas com aquelas sem diagnóstico prévio quanto à dose de insulina, tempo de insulinização contínua, volume infundido na fase de expansão e nas primeiras 24 horas, tempo de internação e complicações como distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos, hipoglicemia, edema cerebral e morte. Resultados: Os pacientes sem diagnóstico prévio de DM I eram mais jovens no momento da admissão, com média de 8,4 anos (p < 0,01). Relataram mais sintomas como vômitos, polidipsia e poliúria e apresentaram mais perda de peso (p < 0,01). Observamos maior prevalência de hipocalemia (p < 0,01) e maior tempo de internação no grupo acima citado. Conclusões: Não observamos diferenças quanto à gravidade entre os grupos. Pacientes diabéticos prévios eram mais jovens na admissão, apresentaram mais hipocalemia durante o tratamento e permaneceram mais tempo internados.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Cetoacidose Diabética/etiologia , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Brasil/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Etários , Cetoacidose Diabética/diagnóstico , Cetoacidose Diabética/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Tempo de InternaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of children aged 0-14 years diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis and compare the following outcomes between children with prior diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus and children without prior diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus length of hospital stay, severity on admission, insulin dosage, time of continuous insulin use, volume of fluids infused during treatment, and complications. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study with review of medical records of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of a referral hospital from June 2013 to July 2015. The following data regarding 52 admissions were analyzed: age, sex, weight, body surface area, signs, symptoms and severity on admission, blood gas, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum osmolarity, and index of mortality. The insulin dosage, time of continuous insulin use, volume administered in the expansion phase and in the first 24h, length of stay, and complications such as electrolyte disturbances, hypoglycemia, cerebral edema, and death were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Patients without a previous diagnosis of DM1 were younger at admission, with mean age of 8.4 years (p<0.01), reported more nausea or vomiting, polydipsia and polyuria, and showed more weight loss (p<0.01). This study also observed a higher prevalence of hypokalemia (p<0.01) and longer hospital stay in this group. CONCLUSIONS: No differences in severity between groups were observed. The study showed that children without prior diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus were younger at admission, had more hypokalemia during the course of treatment, and had greater length of hospital stay.
Assuntos
Cetoacidose Diabética/etiologia , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Cetoacidose Diabética/diagnóstico , Cetoacidose Diabética/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Inhalation therapy is the main treatment for asthma and its adequate use has been a factor responsible for disease control; therefore, the aim of the study was to determine whether a digital media tool, which features portability on mobile phones, modifies the assimilation of the inhalation technique. METHODS: A total of 66 professionals working in the health care area with the pediatric population were selected. They were submitted to a pre-test on their knowledge of inhalation therapy. The professionals were randomized into two groups (A and B). Group A received a media application on their mobile phones showing the steps of inhalation therapy, while group B received the same information in written form only. A post-test was applied after 15 days. The results (pre- and post-) were analyzed by two pediatric pulmonologists. RESULTS: Of the 66 professionals, 87.9% were females. Of a total possible score of ten, the mean score obtained in the pre-test was 5.3 ± 3, and in the second test, 7.5 ± 2 (p < 0.000). There were no significant differences when comparing the two groups (p = 0.726). The nurses had the lowest mean scores in the initial test (2.3 ± 2); however, they were the group that learned the most with the intervention, showing similar means to those of other groups in the second test (6.1 ± 3). CONCLUSION: There was significant improvement in knowledge about inhalation therapy in all professional categories using both methods, demonstrating that education, when available to professionals, positively modifies medical practice. .
OBJETIVOS: A inaloterapia representa a principal forma de tratamento da asma e seu uso adequado tem sido fator responsável pelo controle da doença. Desse modo, o objetivo do estudo foi determinar se uma ferramenta de mídia digital, dotada de portabilidade na forma de telefonia móvel, modifica a assimilação da técnica inalatória. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 66 profissionais que atuam na área da saúde com população pediátrica e submetidos a um pré-teste sobre seus conhecimentos de inaloterapia. Os profissionais foram randomizados em dois grupos (A e B). O grupo A recebeu em seu telefone móvel um aplicativo de mídia com os passos da inaloterapia, enquanto o grupo B recebeu as mesmas informações apenas de forma escrita. Após 15 dias, fez-se um pós-teste. Os resultados (pré e pós) foram analisados por dois pneumologistas pediátricos. RESULTADOS: Dos 66 profissionais, 87,9% eram do sexo feminino. Num escore total possível de 10, a média das notas obtidas no pré-teste foi de 5,3 ± 3 e as do segundo teste 7,5 ± 2 (p < 0,000). Não houve diferenças significativas na comparação os dois grupos (p = 0,726). Os profissionais de enfermagem apresentaram a menor média nas provas iniciais (2,3 ± 2), porém foi o grupo que aprendeu mais com a intervenção e apresentou média similar aos outros grupos na segunda prova (6,1 ± 3). CONCLUSÃO: Houve melhoria significativa no conhecimento sobre inaloterapia em todas as categorias profissionais com o uso de ambos os métodos. Isso comprovou que a educação, quando oferecida aos profissionais, modifica positivamente a prática médica. .
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Alérgenos , Alérgenos/imunologia , Testes Cutâneos/normas , Alérgenos/administração & dosagem , Europa (Continente) , Hipersensibilidade/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Testes Cutâneos/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Inhalation therapy is the main treatment for asthma and its adequate use has been a factor responsible for disease control; therefore, the aim of the study was to determine whether a digital media tool, which features portability on mobile phones, modifies the assimilation of the inhalation technique. METHODS: A total of 66 professionals working in the health care area with the pediatric population were selected. They were submitted to a pre-test on their knowledge of inhalation therapy. The professionals were randomized into two groups (A and B). Group A received a media application on their mobile phones showing the steps of inhalation therapy, while group B received the same information in written form only. A post-test was applied after 15 days. The results (pre- and post-) were analyzed by two pediatric pulmonologists. RESULTS: Of the 66 professionals, 87.9% were females. Of a total possible score of ten, the mean score obtained in the pre-test was 5.3 ± 3, and in the second test, 7.5 ± 2 (p<0.000). There were no significant differences when comparing the two groups (p=0.726). The nurses had the lowest mean scores in the initial test (2.3 ± 2); however, they were the group that learned the most with the intervention, showing similar means to those of other groups in the second test (6.1 ± 3). CONCLUSION: There was significant improvement in knowledge about inhalation therapy in all professional categories using both methods, demonstrating that education, when available to professionals, positively modifies medical practice.
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Asma/terapia , Educação Médica Continuada/métodos , Educação Continuada em Enfermagem/métodos , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Aplicativos Móveis , Terapia Respiratória/educação , Adulto , Telefone Celular/instrumentação , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Terapia Respiratória/métodosRESUMO
Researchers see algae as a promising tool to discover both efficient and safe agents for pain therapy. We evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of lectin from the marine alga Pterocladiella capillacea lectin (PcL). PcL was purified and tested in classical models of nociception and inflammation. Male Swiss mice received PcL 30 min prior to receiving 0.8% acetic acid (10 microl/10 g, i.p.), 1% formalin (20 microl/intraplantar) or the hot plate test, and were compared to untreated animals or animals pretreated with indomethacin or morphine. PcL (0.9, 8.1 or 72.9 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly reduced the number of writhes (30%, 39%, and 52%, respectively). PcL (72.9 mg/kg, i.v.) also reduced (p<0.05) both the first and second phases of the formalin test by 58% and 87%, respectively. However, PcL (72.9 mg/kg) did not present significant antinociceptive effects in the hot plate test when compared to morphine, suggesting that its antinociceptive action occurs via peripheral rather than a central-acting mechanism. It was also observed that leukocyte migration was induced by carrageenan (500 microg/cavity) in male Wistar rats and that PcL (8.1 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly reduced neutrophil migration by 84%, as compared to untreated animals, suggesting inhibition of inflammatory mediators. The data indicated that PcL has peripheral actions with both anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Lectinas/uso terapêutico , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Rodófitas/química , Ácido Acético , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Carragenina , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Formaldeído , Temperatura Alta , Indometacina , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/imunologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/antagonistas & inibidores , Lectinas/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Morfina , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o perfil periodontal de pacientes adultos traqueostomizados com pneumonia nosocomial, internados na UTI do Instituto Dr. José Frota, Fortaleza(CE). O diagnóstico clínico e radiográfico de pneumonia nosocomial e um exame periodontal foram realizados e, para a análise estatística dos dados, utilizaram-se os testes t de Student,Mann-Whitney e Exato de Fisher. O Índice de Sangramento Gengival (ISG) foi maior nos pacientes com pneumonia nosocomial (41,03%) em relação aos pacientes sem esta patologia(25,19%). Porém, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05). Dos 33 pacientes examinados, 25 apresentaram periodontite, dos quais 22 (88%) tinham pneumonia nosocomial, não havendo associação estatisticamente significante entre as duas patologias (p>0,05). Portanto, apesar de uma higiene bucal mais deficiente e uma maior prevalência de periodontite em pacientes com pneumonia nosocomial, estas associações não foram positivas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Periodontite , Pneumonia , TraqueostomiaRESUMO
Diet of six species of small mammals (five marsupials and one rodent) was studied through analysing a total of 163 fecal samples obtained from live-trapping in Atlantic Forest fragments at Poço das Antas, Brazil, 1995-1999. For the marsupial Micoureus demerarae the most frequent food itens were arthropods from the orders Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, pupae and larvae of Diptera and Lepidoptera, and seeds of plants from secondary vegetation; freshwater crustaceans were also recorded. Caluromys philander also consumed mostly Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and seeds from secondary plants, but seeds were less diverse, more frequent and more abundant than for M. demerarae. Patterns recorded for the remaining marsupials included the importance of termites for Metachirus nudicaudatus, presence of a vertebrate (rodent) only for Philander frenata, and a diverse diet for Didelphis aurita despite a small sample size. The diet of the sixth species, Akodon cursor, included mostly insects and arachnids with seeds in lowerfrequency.
RESUMO
Diet of six species of small mammals (five marsupials and one rodent) was studied through analysing a total of 163 fecal samples obtained from live-trapping in Atlantic Forest fragments at Poço das Antas, Brazil, 1995-1999. For the marsupial Micoureus demerarae the most frequent food itens were arthropods from the orders Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, pupae and larvae of Diptera and Lepidoptera, and seeds of plants from secondary vegetation; freshwater crustaceans were also recorded. Caluromys philander also consumed mostly Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and seeds from secondary plants, but seeds were less diverse, more frequent and more abundant than for M. demerarae. Patterns recorded for the remaining marsupials included the importance of termites for Metachirus nudicaudatus, presence of a vertebrate (rodent) only for Philander frenata, and a diverse diet for Didelphis aurita despite a small sample size. The diet of the sixth species, Akodon cursor, included mostly insects and arachnids with seeds in lowerfrequency.