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INTRODUCTION: the use of language assessment instruments in the area of speech-language-therapy is essential for the diagnosis and, consequently, for therapeutic planning. In Brazil, there is a shortage of instruments constructed and validated in the morphosyntax area. Morphosyntactic Evaluation Protocol (MEP) was constructed based on the main syntactic characteristics of the period of acquisition of children's language, on the Portuguese grammatical structure and the application in a pilot study. OBJECTIVE: To verify the validity of MEP content. METHODS: for the validation process, the instrument was applied and analyzed through a questionnaire by three judges, a linguist and two speech-language specialists with experience in assisting children with Language Development Disorder. The Index of Judges' Reliability was used to compare the results of the protocol application and the Cronbach's Alpha tests, Spearman-Brown and Content Validity Index (CVI) in the questionnaire responses. RESULTS: the statistical tests applied in the validation of content legitimized the reliability of the instrument with indexes considered substantial for both alpha coefficients, higher than 0.80, Spearman and the CVI test had a maximum concept of 1.0. CONCLUSION: there were compliance and compatibility in the answers of the experts, which indicates the reliability of the instrument. The results of the statistical tests legitimize the reliability of the instrument with indexes considered substantial for alpha and Spearman coefficient. In the future, the protocol may help characterize the syntactic profile of children with language developmental disorder.
Assuntos
Idioma , Brasil , Criança , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Abstract: Introduction: the use of language assessment instruments in the area of speech-language-therapy is essential for the diagnosis and, consequently, for therapeutic planning. In Brazil, there is a shortage of instruments constructed and validated in the morphosyntax area. Morphosyntactic Evaluation Protocol (MEP) was constructed based on the main syntactic characteristics of the period of acquisition of children's language, on the Portuguese grammatical structure and the application in a pilot study. Objective: To verify the validity of MEP content. Methods: for the validation process, the instrument was applied and analyzed through a questionnaire by three judges, a linguist and two speech-language specialists with experience in assisting children with Language Development Disorder. The Index of Judges' Reliability was used to compare the results of the protocol application and the Cronbach's Alpha tests, Spearman-Brown and Content Validity Index (CVI) in the questionnaire responses. Results: the statistical tests applied in the validation of content legitimized the reliability of the instrument with indexes considered substantial for both alpha coefficients, higher than 0.80, Spearman and the CVI test had a maximum concept of 1.0. Conclusion: there were compliance and compatibility in the answers of the experts, which indicates the reliability of the instrument. The results of the statistical tests legitimize the reliability of the instrument with indexes considered substantial for alpha and Spearman coefficient. In the future, the protocol may help characterize the syntactic profile of children with language developmental disorder.
Resumo: Introdução: a utilização de instrumentos de avaliação de linguagem na área da Fonoaudiologia é essencial para a realização do diagnóstico e, consequentemente, para o planejamento terapêutico. No Brasil há escassez de instrumentos construídos e validados na área da morfossintaxe. Protocolo de Avaliação Morfossintática (PAM) foi construído com base nas principais características sintáticas do período de aquisição da linguagem infantil, na estrutura gramatical da língua portuguesa e na aplicação em estudo piloto. Objetivo: verificar a validade de conteúdo do PAM. Método: para o processo de validação, o instrumento foi aplicado e analisado por meio de questionário por três juízes, um linguista e dois fonoaudiólogos especialistas em linguagem com experiência no atendimento de crianças com transtorno de linguagem. Foi usado o Índice de Fidedignidade entre os juízes para comparação dos resultados da aplicação do protocolo e os testes Alpha de Cronbach, Spearman-Brown e Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) nas respostas do questionário. Resultados: os testes estatísticos aplicados na validação de conteúdo legitimaram a fidedignidade do instrumento com índices considerados substanciais tanto para coeficiente alpha, maior que 0,80, Spearman e o teste IVC teve conceito máximo de 1,0. Conclusão: houve conformidade e compatibilidade nas respostas dos especialistas o que indica confiabilidade do instrumento. Os resultados dos testes estatísticos legitimam a fidedignidade com índices considerados substanciais tanto para coeficiente Alpha, como Spearman. No futuro, o protocolo poderá auxiliar na caracterização do perfil sintático de crianças com alterações no desenvolvimento de linguagem.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Idioma , Brasil , Projetos Piloto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Recent studies from temperate lakes indicate that eutrophic systems tend to emit less carbon dioxide (CO2) and bury more organic carbon (OC) than oligotrophic ones, rendering them CO2 sinks in some cases. However, the scarcity of data from tropical systems is critical for a complete understanding of the interplay between eutrophication and aquatic carbon (C) fluxes in warm waters. We test the hypothesis that a warm eutrophic system is a source of both CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere, and that atmospheric emissions are larger than the burial of OC in sediments. This hypothesis was based on the following assumptions: (i) OC mineralization rates are high in warm water systems, so that water column CO2 production overrides the high C uptake by primary producers, and (ii) increasing trophic status creates favorable conditions for CH4 production. We measured water-air and sediment-water CO2 fluxes, CH4 diffusion, ebullition and oxidation, net ecosystem production (NEP) and sediment OC burial during the dry season in a eutrophic reservoir in the semiarid northeastern Brazil. The reservoir was stratified during daytime and mixed during nighttime. In spite of the high rates of primary production (4858 ± 934 mg C m(-2) d(-1)), net heterotrophy was prevalent due to high ecosystem respiration (5209 ± 992 mg C m(-2) d(-1)). Consequently, the reservoir was a source of atmospheric CO2 (518 ± 182 mg C m(-2) d(-1)). In addition, the reservoir was a source of ebullitive (17 ± 10 mg C m(-2) d(-1)) and diffusive CH4 (11 ± 6 mg C m(-2) d(-1)). OC sedimentation was high (1162 mg C m(-2) d(-1)), but our results suggest that the majority of it is mineralized to CO2 (722 ± 182 mg C m(-2) d(-1)) rather than buried as OC (440 mg C m(-2) d(-1)). Although temporally resolved data would render our findings more conclusive, our results suggest that despite being a primary production and OC burial hotspot, the tropical eutrophic system studied here was a stronger CO2 and CH4 source than a C sink, mainly because of high rates of OC mineralization in the water column and sediments.
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Objetivou-se verificar o conhecimento das enfermeiras de um hospital filantrópico do Ceará-Brasil acerca da promoção da saúde; investigar estratégias adotadas por estas enfermeiras na atenção às puérperas com filhos hospitalizados e sua interface com a promoção da saúde. Pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida em um hospital filantrópico do município de Sobral-CE, de fevereiro a março de 2007. Foi realizada entrevista gravada junto a seis enfermeiras, sendo a análise fundamentada na Técnica de Elaboração e Análise das Unidades de Significado. Apesar das entrevistadas não apresentarem um conjunto de informações que englobem satisfatoriamente os diferentes enfoques da promoção da saúde, as necessidades percebidas pelas mesmas se coadunam com alguns aspectos inerentes aos campos de ação da promoção da saúde. Considera-se que, para institucionalização da promoção da saúde é essencial a transformação de valores da instituição e seus profissionais, a fim de que se percebam agentes de mudança.