RESUMO
The nearest known population of common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) to the Colombian Caribbean occurs in a fairly restricted range in eastern Venezuela. These dolphins have not been previously reported in the Colombian Caribbean, likely because of a lack of study of the local cetacean fauna. We collected cetacean observations in waters of the Guajira Department, northern Colombia (~11°N, 73°W) during two separate efforts: (a) a seismic vessel survey (December 2009-March 2010), and (b) three coastal surveys from small boats (May-July 2012, May 2013, and May 2014). Here we document ten sightings of common dolphins collected during these surveys, which extend the known range of the species by ~1000 km into the southwestern Caribbean. We also collected nine skin biopsies in 2013 and 2014. In order to determine the taxonomic identity of the specimens, we conducted genetic barcoding and phylogenetic analyses using two mitochondrial markers, the Control Region (mtDNA) and Cytochrome b (Cytb). Results indicate that these specimens are genetically closer to the short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) even though morphologically they resemble a long-beaked form (Delphinus sp.). However, the specific taxonomic status of common dolphins in the Caribbean and in the Western Atlantic remains unresolved. It is also unclear whether the distribution of the species between northern Colombia and eastern Venezuela is continuous or disjoined, or whether they can be considered part of the same stock.
Assuntos
Golfinhos Comuns/genética , Citocromos b/genética , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico/métodos , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Filogenia , Animais , Região do Caribe , Cetáceos/classificação , Cetáceos/genética , Colômbia , Golfinhos Comuns/classificação , Golfinhos Comuns/fisiologia , DNA Mitocondrial/química , Geografia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Dinâmica Populacional , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Especificidade da Espécie , VenezuelaRESUMO
INTRODUCCION: La detección precoz de Chagas congénito es sumamente importante, ya que el tratamiento inmediato aumenta la eficacia y disminuye las complicaciones en el neonato.OBJETIVO: Evaluar si la utilización de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RCP) aumenta significativamente la sensibilidad y la precocidad diagnóstica con respecto al micrométodo para Chagas.METODOS: El diseño del ensayo fue prospectivo, observacional y longitudinal. Se estudió a 43 recién nacidos, hijos de madres con enfermedad de Chagas atendidas en tres hospitales de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Hospital Evita de Lanús, Hospital de Lomas de Zamora y Hospital de Ezeiza) desde enero de 2010 hasta abril de 2011. Antes del alta, se tomó una muestra de sangre a los neonatos con guanidina-EDTA para realizar la RCP y otra con heparina para realizar micrométodo, con un segundo y un tercer control dentro del mes de vida y serología al octavo mes.RESULTADOS: De las 43 muestras extraídas, 2 fueron eliminadas del estudio por dar negativa la RCP para B-actina. De las 41 muestras evaluadas, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: 1 con micrométodo y RCP positiva y 40 con micrométodo y RCP negativas. Se realizó serología a los 25 pacientes que llegaron al octavo mes de control, con micrométodo y RCP negativas, que resultaron no reactivas.CONCLUSIONES: Según el estudio, la RCP y el micrométodo tuvieron una sensibilidad y especificidad comparables. Por lo tanto, la RCP es un método alternativo para el control de la transmisión connatal.
INTRODUCTION: The early detection of congenital Chagas is extremely important, because the immediate treatment increases the efficiency and reduces complications in the newborn.OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the implementation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) significantly improves the sensitivity and precocious diagnosis comparing to the micromethod for Chagas.METHODS: A prospective, observational and longitudinal test was performed. It analyzed 43 newborns from chagasic mothers assissted in 3 hospitals of Buenos Aires province (Lanús, Lomas de Zamora and Ezeiza) from January 2010 until April 2011. Before the discharge a newborn blood sample was taken and preserved in guanidine-EDTA for PCR, while another one was stored in heparin for micromethod, with a second and third control within the first month of life and serodiagnosis at the eighth month.RESULTS: Of the 43 blood samples collected, 2 were eliminated from the study because of the absence of band at PCR with b-actin. The 41 blood samples finally evaluated yielded following results: 1 with positive micromethod and PCR, and 40 with negative micromethod and PCR. Serodiagnosis was carried out to the 25 patients that reached the eighth month control, with negative micromethod and PCR, resultin non-reactive.CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, PCR and micromethod have a comparable sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, PCR is an alternative method to control the transmission of congenital Chagas.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Argentina , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
INTRODUCCION: La detección precoz de Chagas congénito es sumamente importante, ya que el tratamiento inmediato aumenta la eficacia y disminuye las complicaciones en el neonato.OBJETIVO: Evaluar si la utilización de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RCP) aumenta significativamente la sensibilidad y la precocidad diagnóstica con respecto al micrométodo para Chagas.METODOS: El diseño del ensayo fue prospectivo, observacional y longitudinal. Se estudió a 43 recién nacidos, hijos de madres con enfermedad de Chagas atendidas en tres hospitales de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Hospital Evita de Lanús, Hospital de Lomas de Zamora y Hospital de Ezeiza) desde enero de 2010 hasta abril de 2011. Antes del alta, se tomó una muestra de sangre a los neonatos con guanidina-EDTA para realizar la RCP y otra con heparina para realizar micrométodo, con un segundo y un tercer control dentro del mes de vida y serología al octavo mes.RESULTADOS: De las 43 muestras extraídas, 2 fueron eliminadas del estudio por dar negativa la RCP para B-actina. De las 41 muestras evaluadas, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: 1 con micrométodo y RCP positiva y 40 con micrométodo y RCP negativas. Se realizó serología a los 25 pacientes que llegaron al octavo mes de control, con micrométodo y RCP negativas, que resultaron no reactivas.CONCLUSIONES: Según el estudio, la RCP y el micrométodo tuvieron una sensibilidad y especificidad comparables. Por lo tanto, la RCP es un método alternativo para el control de la transmisión connatal.
INTRODUCTION: The early detection of congenital Chagas is extremely important, because the immediate treatment increases the efficiency and reduces complications in the newborn.OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the implementation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) significantly improves the sensitivity and precocious diagnosis comparing to the micromethod for Chagas.METHODS: A prospective, observational and longitudinal test was performed. It analyzed 43 newborns from chagasic mothers assissted in 3 hospitals of Buenos Aires province (Lanús, Lomas de Zamora and Ezeiza) from January 2010 until April 2011. Before the discharge a newborn blood sample was taken and preserved in guanidine-EDTA for PCR, while another one was stored in heparin for micromethod, with a second and third control within the first month of life and serodiagnosis at the eighth month.RESULTS: Of the 43 blood samples collected, 2 were eliminated from the study because of the absence of band at PCR with b-actin. The 41 blood samples finally evaluated yielded following results: 1 with positive micromethod and PCR, and 40 with negative micromethod and PCR. Serodiagnosis was carried out to the 25 patients that reached the eighth month control, with negative micromethod and PCR, resultin non-reactive.CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, PCR and micromethod have a comparable sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, PCR is an alternative method to control the transmission of congenital Chagas.