RESUMO
Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome (SHS) is a life-threatening condition that warrants early detection and management. We describe the pathogenesis, organ-specific clinical manifestations, and risk factors associated to this condition. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted in PubMed, LILACS, EBSCO and SciELO by using the keywords: "hyperinfection syndrome"; "Strongyloides stercoralis"; "disseminated strongyloidiasis"; "systemic strongyloidiasis", "pathogenesis" and "pathophysiology". Relevant articles on this topic were evaluated and included by consensus. Also, a secondary search of the literature was performed. Articles in English and Spanish language were included. SHS has been described in tropical and sub-tropical regions. However, there is growing evidence of cases detected in developed countries favored by increasing migration and the advance in immunosuppressive therapies for oncologic and inflammatory diseases. SHS is characterized by massive multiplication of larvae, typically in immunocompromised hosts. Clinical manifestations vary according to the organ involved and include diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, alveolar hemorrhages, heart failure, jaundice, bacteremia among others. Despite advances in the understanding of this condition, fatality rates are near 90%. Clinicians should consider SHS in the differential diagnosis of acutely ill patients with multiple organ damage and epidemiological risk factors. Adverse outcomes are common, especially with delayed anti-parasitic treatment.
RESUMO
The sensitivity of the Kato-Katz test is suboptimal for the evaluation of intestinal helminth prevalence. Moreover, during mass deworming, as helminth egg burden decreases, the sensitivity is likely to decrease. The Lumbreras rapid sedimentation (Lumbreras) is a low-cost non-quantitative test, but may provide useful information in low burden areas. We compared the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections assessed by the Kato-Katz and the Lumbreras rapid sedimentation test on 3 stool specimens from each of 1083 children. The sensitivities were compared using the McNemar paired test. Using the combined outcome of the 3 different stool tests as the standard, Kato-Katz had lower sensitivity than Lumbreras rapid sedimentation tests for Ascaris lumbricoides (85.1% vs. 95.1%, p = 0.03), Hymenolepis nana (77.7% vs. 97.9%, p < 0.01), Trichuris trichura (41.7% vs. 100%, p = 0.01), hookworm (0% vs. 100%, p = 0.01), and Strongyloides stercoralis (0% vs. 88%, p < 0.01). Kato-Katz demonstrated significantly lower sensitivity, missing most T. trichiura, hookworm, and S. stercoralis infections. The combination of Kato-Katz and Lumbreras rapid sedimentation tests enables the detection of more intestinal helminths infections in post-deworming low prevalence areas.
Assuntos
Ascaris lumbricoides/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Fezes/parasitologia , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Helmintíase/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Helmintíase/diagnóstico , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Masculino , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Con el objetivo de conocer el tratamiento utilizado por pobladores de un área endémica de leishmaniasis cutánea (LC) previo a su atención en un servicio de salud, se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en un poblado de Lima, Perú. Se censó a toda la población y se recolectaron datos demográficos y antecedentes de LC. De los 254 habitantes censados, 41,7% (106/254) refirieron haber tenido LC y de ellos solo la mitad acudieron a un centro de salud. 76/106 (71,7%) usaron algún tratamiento tradicional como primera medida y solo 23,6% (25/106) acudieron a un centro de salud sin manipular sus lesiones. Un alto porcentaje de personas potencialmente infectadas por LC manipulan y tratan sus lesiones con métodos tradicionales antes de acudir a un centro de salud, lo que podría interferir con el diagnóstico y efectividad del programa de tratamiento implementado por el Ministerio de Salud...
In order to know the first-choice treatment by villagers of an endemic area of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) prior to medical attention in a health care center, a cross sectional study was realized in Pichupampa town. A census was made in order to collect demographic data and previous history of CL. 254 participants were surveyed. 41.7% (106/254) of the village had CL at least once in their lives and only half of them went to a health center to seek for primary care. 76/106 (71.7%) used some traditional treatment as their first choice and only 23.6% (25/106) subjects went to a health-care center without manipulation of their lesions. ItÆs evident that a high percentage (71.7%) of people potentially infected by CL manipulate and treat their lesions with traditional treatments prior to professional health-care, actions that could interfere with the diagnosis and effectiveness of the program implemented by the Health Ministry...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Leishmaniose Cutânea/terapia , Medicina Tradicional , PeruRESUMO
La diferencia elevada de presión arterial interbraquial (DEPAI) podría predecir eventos cardiovasculares adversos. Objetivos: Conocer la frecuencia de DEPAI y describir factores clínicos y demográficos relacionados. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Muestra aleatoria de 211 pacientes de un hospital público de Lima. Se tomó la presión arterial tres veces, de forma simultánea en ambos brazos, con dos tensiómetros automáticos OMROM HEM-705CP propiamente calibrados, estando el paciente en posición sentada, con un reposo previo de cinco minutos. Se recolectaron datos demográficos y clínicos. Se estableció la DEPAI sistólica (≥10 mm Hg y ≥ 20 mm Hg) y diastólica (≥ 10 mm Hg). Se consideró las tres tomas y sólo las dos últimas. Se empleó las pruebas de Chi Cuadrado o Exacta de Fisher y el coeficiente de correlación puntual biserial para variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, respectivamente. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 48,92 ± 16,75 años. El 67,3% fue de sexo femenino. 23,08% de los participantes fueron obesos; 19,23%, hipertensos y 13,42%, fumadores. Según los punto de corte y cantidad de medidas consideradas, las frecuencias de DEPAI sistólica fueron 40,38%, 30,29%, 15,88% y12,98%; y las de DEPAI diastólica 13% y 10,1%. Hubo correlación entre DEPAI y HTA e IMC (p<0,05). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de DEPAI en un hospital de Lima es similar a la encontrada en otros medios. Este estudio encontró una asociación estadística de DEPAI con el IMC y HTA, pero se necesitan más estudios con poblaciones más grandes para conocer la relación de esta variable con predictores conocidos de morbilidad y mortalidad. (AU)
High difference of inter-arm blood pressure (HDIABP) measurements could predict adverse cardiovascular events. Objectives: To determine the frequency of HDIABP and to describe clinical and demographic factors related to it. Methods: Cross sectional study. A random sample of 211 patients from a public hospital in Lima was taken. Blood pressure was measured three times, simultaneously in both arms with two automated sphygmomanometers OMROM HEM705CP properly calibrated, with the patient seated with at least 5 minutes of previous resting. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Systolic HDIABP was defined as ≥ 10 mmHg and ≥ 20 mmHg, and diastolic HDIABP as ≥ 10 mmHg. Chi square test and Fisher´s exact test were used, as well as the correlation coefficient for qualitative and quantitative data. Results: Mean age was 48.92 ± 16.75 years; 67.3% were females; 23.08% were obese; 19.23% had blood hypertension and 13.42% were smokers. The frequencies of systolic and diastolic HDIABP were 40.38%, 30.29%, 15.88%, 12.98% and 13%, 10.1%. There was correlation between HDIABP and body mass index (p<0.05). Conclusions: The frequency of HDIABP found is similar than that reported elsewhere. We found and association between HDIABP and body mass index, but more studies are needed to determine a true association between these two variables. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Pressão Arterial , Hipertensão , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
In order to know the first-choice treatment by villagers of an endemic area of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) prior to medical attention in a health care center, a cross sectional study was realized in Pichupampa town. A census was made in order to collect demographic data and previous history of CL. 254 participants were surveyed. 41.7% (106/254) of the village had CL at least once in their lives and only half of them went to a health center to seek for primary care. 76/106 (71.7%) used some traditional treatment as their first choice and only 23.6% (25/106) subjects went to a health-care center without manipulation of their lesions. It's evident that a high percentage (71.7%) of people potentially infected by CL manipulate and treat their lesions with traditional treatments prior to professional health-care, actions that could interfere with the diagnosis and effectiveness of the program implemented by the Health Ministry.