RESUMO
International guidelines have recommended the use of inhaled beta-2 agonists and systemic corticosteroids (SCs) as the first-line treatment for acute asthma. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence for the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in addition to SCs compared to SCs alone in children with acute asthma in the emergency department (ED) or during hospitalization. DATA SOURCES: Five electronic databases were searched. STUDY SELECTION: All randomized clinical trials that compared ICS (via nebulizer or metered dose inhaler) plus SC (oral or parenteral) with placebo (or standard care) plus SC were included without language restriction. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently reviewed all the studies. The primary outcomes were hospital admission and hospital length of stay (LOS), and secondary outcomes were readmissions during follow-up, ED-LOS, lung function, asthma clinical score, oxygen saturation, and heart and respiratory rates. RESULTS: Nine studies (n = 1473) met the inclusion criteria. In all the studies, the ICS was budesonide. Compared to SC alone, adding budesonide to SC did not affect hospitalization rate, but decreased hospital LOS by more than 1 day (MD = -29.08 hours [-39.9 to -18.3]; I2 = 0%, P = < .00001). Moreover, adding budesonide significantly improved the acute asthma severity score among patients at ED. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to SC alone, adding budesonide to SC does not affect the hospitalization rate, but decreases the LOS and improves the acute asthma score in children in an ED setting.
Assuntos
Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Antiasmáticos/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Aguda , Administração por Inalação , Administração Oral , Criança , Quimioterapia Combinada , Hospitalização , Humanos , Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
An Online First version of this article was made available online at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40272-019-00371-5 on 14 January 2020. An error was subsequently identified in the article, and the following correction should be noted.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The role of macrolides for treatment of children with acute asthma or wheezing exacerbations is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of macrolides in children with recurrent wheezing presenting with acute asthma or wheezing exacerbation. METHODS: We conducted an electronic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials of macrolides (any macrolide) compared with placebo or standard treatment in children up to 18 years with recurrent wheezing/asthma presenting with an acute exacerbation. OUTCOMES: Primary outcomes were need for hospitalization and/or time of acute asthma/wheezing symptoms resolution; secondary outcomes were duration of stay in the emergency department (ED)/clinic, severity of symptoms of the index episode, use of additional systemic corticosteroids or short active ß-2 agonists, changes in lung function measures, ED visit/hospitalization during first week after index episode, time to next exacerbation, or adverse effects (AEs). RESULTS: Only three studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 334 children, 410 treated episodes); two studies included recurrent wheezers and the third included asthmatic children. There was no difference in hospitalization between groups, but children treated with macrolides had a significantly lower time to symptoms resolution than controls, although the magnitude of benefit remains to be quantified due to no normal distribution data presented. There was no difference in time to next episode of exacerbation (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.71-1.28; I2 = 0%; p = 0.77). In one study, children receiving macrolides had a significant decrease in the severity of symptoms, decrease use of salbutamol, and another study showed improved lung function. No study evaluated antibiotic resistance development. CONCLUSIONS: Limited evidence support that a macrolide trial could be considered in children with acute asthma or recurrent wheezing exacerbation.