RESUMO
BACKGROUND: As the world population ages, patients older than 80 years, known as very elderly, are more frequently found. There are no studies in this age group aimed at analyzing the multidisciplinary intervention in the treatment of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and some comorbidities. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of a multidisciplinary approach in very elderly hypertensives cared for at a specialized service. METHODS: Longitudinal retrospective cohort study in a multidisciplinary service specialized in the SAH treatment in the Brazilian West-Central region. Patients aged 80 years and older by June 2015 were included. Data from the first (V1) and last visit (Vf) were assessed. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure (BP), renal function, pharmacological treatment, lifestyle, comorbidities and cardiovascular events were studied, comparing data from V1 and Vf. Controlled BP was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) lower than 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) lower than 90 mm Hg. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSSR software, version 21.0. Values of p<0,05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Data of 71 patients were assessed with a mean follow-up time of 15,22 years. Their mean age at V1 was 69.2 years, and, at Vf, 84.53 years, and 26.8% of them were males. There was a significant reduction in mean SBP (157.3 x 142.1 mm Hg; p<0.001) and DBP (95.1 x 77.8 mm Hg; p<0.001), with an increase in BP control rates from V1 to Vf (36.6 x 83.1%; p<0.001). The number of antihypertensive drugs used increased (1.49 x 2.85; p<0.001), with an increase in the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (22.5 x 46.5%; p=0.004), angiotensin II receptor blockers (4.2 x 35.2%; p<0.001) and calcium-channel blockers (18.3 x 67.6%; p<0.001). There was a reduction in total cholesterol (217.9 x 191 mg/dL; p<0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (139.6 x 119.0 mg/dL; p<0.001), but worsening of the glomerular filtration rate (62.5 x 45.4 mL/min; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The multidisciplinary intervention in very elderly hypertensives increased BP control rate, with optimization of the pharmacological treatment.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract Background: As the world population ages, patients older than 80 years, known as very elderly, are more frequently found. There are no studies in this age group aimed at analyzing the multidisciplinary intervention in the treatment of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and some comorbidities. Objectives: To assess the effect of a multidisciplinary approach in very elderly hypertensives cared for at a specialized service. Methods: Longitudinal retrospective cohort study in a multidisciplinary service specialized in the SAH treatment in the Brazilian West-Central region. Patients aged 80 years and older by June 2015 were included. Data from the first (V1) and last visit (Vf) were assessed. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure (BP), renal function, pharmacological treatment, lifestyle, comorbidities and cardiovascular events were studied, comparing data from V1 and Vf. Controlled BP was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) lower than 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) lower than 90 mm Hg. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSSR software, version 21.0. Values of p<0,05 were considered significant. Results: Data of 71 patients were assessed with a mean follow-up time of 15,22 years. Their mean age at V1 was 69.2 years, and, at Vf, 84.53 years, and 26.8% of them were males. There was a significant reduction in mean SBP (157.3 x 142.1 mm Hg; p<0.001) and DBP (95.1 x 77.8 mm Hg; p<0.001), with an increase in BP control rates from V1 to Vf (36.6 x 83.1%; p<0.001). The number of antihypertensive drugs used increased (1.49 x 2.85; p<0.001), with an increase in the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (22.5 x 46.5%; p=0.004), angiotensin II receptor blockers (4.2 x 35.2%; p<0.001) and calcium-channel blockers (18.3 x 67.6%; p<0.001). There was a reduction in total cholesterol (217.9 x 191 mg/dL; p<0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (139.6 x 119.0 mg/dL; p<0.001), but worsening of the glomerular filtration rate (62.5 x 45.4 mL/min; p<0.001). Conclusion: The multidisciplinary intervention in very elderly hypertensives increased BP control rate, with optimization of the pharmacological treatment.
Resumo Fundamento: Indivíduos com mais de 80 anos, denominados muito idosos, são encontrados com uma frequência crescente com o envelhecimento da população mundial. Não há estudos com essa população avaliando a intervenção multidisciplinar no tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e algumas comorbidades associadas. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do tratamento multiprofissional em hipertensos muito idosos acompanhados em serviço especializado. Métodos: Estudo de coorte longitudinal retrospectivo em serviço multidisciplinar para o tratamento de HAS do centro-oeste brasileiro. Incluídos pacientes com 80 anos ou mais em junho de 2015. Coletados dados da primeira (V1) e última consulta (Vf). Avaliadas variáveis antropométricas, pressão arterial (PA), função renal, medicamentos em uso, hábitos de vida, comorbidades e eventos cardiovasculares, comparando V1 com Vf. Foram considerados controlados os valores de PA inferiores a 140 mmHg para pressão sistólica e inferiores a 90 mmHg para a pressão diastólica. Análise estatística realizada com software SPSSR versão 21.0. Considerados significativos valores de p<0,05. Resultados: Analisados 71 pacientes, com tempo médio de seguimento de 15,22 anos, 26,8% sexo masculino e idade média em V1 de 69,2 anos e, em Vf, de 84,53 anos. Houve uma redução significativa nos valores médios de PA sistólica (157,3 x 142,1 mmHg; p<0,001) e diastólica (95,1 x 77,8 mmHg; p<0,001), com aumento nas taxas de controle da PA entre V1 e Vf (36,6 x 83,1%; p<0,001). O número de drogas anti-hipertensivas se elevou (1,49 x 2,85; p<0,001), com incremento no uso de inibidores de ECA (22,5 x 46,5%; p=0,004), bloqueadores do receptor de angiotensina (4,2 x 35,2%; p<0,001) e bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio (18,3 x 67,6%; p<0,001). Houve uma redução nos valores de colesterol total (217,9 x 191 mg/dl; p<0,001) e LDL colesterol (139,6 x 119,0 mg/dl; p<0,001) e piora da taxa de filtração glomerular (62,5 x 45,4 ml/min; p<0,001). Conclusão: A intervenção multiprofissional em pacientes hipertensos muito idosos reduziu os valores de PA e aumentou a taxa de controle da mesma, com uma otimização do tratamento medicamentoso.