RESUMO
There is evidence of a relationship between increased energy intake and the development of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR), and between the aforementioned metabolic state and impaired tolerance to heat stress. Based on the anti-inflammatory properties and mitigating effects on IR and stress of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), an experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation to feedlot-finished steers during summer on animal performance, physiological and biochemical variables associated with glucose metabolism, heat and preslaughter-induced stress, and meat quality. A total of 48 Angus steers (388 ± 2 kg) were fed one of three corn-based finishing diets containing (dry matter basis) 0% added oil (CON; negative control), or 1.90% of sunflower oil-calcium salt (SUN; positive control), or 1.92% of linseed oil-calcium salt (LIN). There was a trend (P = 0.08) for greater dry matter intake (DMI) and greater (P = 0.02) average daily gain (ADG) in LIN-fed animals compared with the average between those that received the CON or SUN diets, whereas no differences (P ≥ 0.34) were observed between the latter. No other performance, physiological, or carcass variables were affected (P ≥ 0.12) by treatment. Blood glucose and insulin were similar (P ≥ 0.14), though the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) which gauges IR tended (P = 0.06) to be reduced for LIN-fed animals compared with the average between those that received the CON or SUN diets. Blood insulin and HOMA increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) with days on feed. An interaction between the study phase (feeding period or slaughter) and treatment was observed (P ≤ 0.05) for glucose and cortisol. While the magnitude of glucose increase (P < 0.01) from the end of the feeding period to slaughter was greater for CON- and SUN-fed animals compared with LIN-fed ones, cortisol increased (P < 0.05) only in animals that received CON or SUN diets. Meat quality attributes were not affected (P ≥ 0.16) by treatment. The concentration of n-3 PUFA was greater (P < 0.01) and n-6:n-3 ratio was lesser (P < 0.01) in meat from LIN-fed animals compared with that resulting from the average between the animals that received the negative (CON) or positive (SUN) control diets. Results suggest that n-3 PUFA supplementation mitigated metabolic alterations associated with IR and preslaughter-related stress. It may have also improved tolerance to heat, resulting in greater DMI and ADG of steers fed a high-energy diet during summer. Results also indicate that glucose metabolism and heat stress tolerance worsen with time when feeding concentrate-based diets.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) of diets have anti-inflammatory properties and mitigating effects on insulin resistance (IR) and stress in steers. This study evaluated the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation to feedlot-finished steers during summer on animal performance, physiological and biochemical response, and meat quality. We found that n-3 PUFA supplementation mitigated metabolic alterations associated with IR and slaughter-related stress. It may have also improved tolerance to heat, resulting in greater dry matter intake, and average daily gain of steers fed a high-energy diet during summer.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Óleo de Semente do Linho , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Bovinos , Dieta/veterinária , Óleo de Semente do Linho/farmacologia , Carne , Zea maysRESUMO
Introducción: La información sobre carne de pollo disponible en la tabla de composición nutricional local pertenece aproximadamente a la década de 1950, y está limitada a pocos cortes. Es necesario contar con datos actualizados de composición nutricional de pollos en Argentina. Objetivo: Determinar la composición nutricional de pechuga y pata-muslo de pollos de Argentina. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo de 27 unidades muestrales provenientes de 10 frigoríficos de Argentina. Se obtuvieron muestras de pata-muslo y pechuga, con y sin piel, para determinar: contenido de agua, proteínas, grasa total, ceniza y energía, y en las muestras sin piel: potasio, sodio, fósforo, hierro y perfil de ácidos grasos. Se aplicaron metodologías AOAC y FSIS SDM2 FSIS MTL-1. Resultados: En pechuga y pata muslo sin piel se obtuvo: 107(DE 4) y 127 (DE 8) kcal; 23,7 (DE 1,0) y 19,9 (DE 1,0) g de proteínas;1,4 (DE 0,3) y 5,3 (DE 0,7) g de grasa: grasas saturadas 375(DE 23,3) y 1367 (DE 71,8) mg, monoinsaturadas 418 (DE 45,9)y 1829 (DE 110,0) mg, poliinsaturadas 432 (DE 35,4) y 1657 (DE151,4) mg, trans 27 (DE 6,1) y 54 (DE 36,3) mg; sodio 47 (DE 4)y 74 (DE 5) mg; potasio 355 (DE 21) y 307 (DE 18) mg; fósforo235 (DE 11) y 195 (DE 10) mg; hierro 0,31 (DE 0,03) y 0.60 (DE0.05) mg respectivamente, cada 100 g de parte comestible. En pechuga y pata muslo con piel se obtuvo: 161 (DE 14) y 200 (DE20) kcal; 20,2 (DE 1,1) y 17,0 (DE 0,8) g de proteínas; 8,9 (DE 1,5)y 14,7 (DE 2,2) g de grasas totales respectivamente, cada 100 g de parte comestible. Conclusión: La carne de pollo argentina es fuente de proteínas, baja en lípidos totales, con predominio de ácidos grasos insaturados. Aporta el 11% de la Ingesta Adecuada de potasio, el 46% de la Recomendación Dietética Admitida de fósforo, el 9 y 4% de la de hierro para el hombre y la mujer, y sólo el 5% de la ingesta diaria máxima de sodio.
Introduction: Nutritional composition data of chicken meatavailable in local charts, dates back to 1950 and is limited to afew cuts. It is essential to have nutritional composition data ofchicken meat in Argentina updated. Objectives: To specify nutritional composition of chickenmeat -breast and leg- in Argentina.Materials and method: A descriptive study of 27 sampleunits coming from 10 cold stores in Argentina. Leg and breastsamples were obtained, with and without skin, to determine:water content, proteins, total fat, ash and energy and in theskinless samples: potassium, sodium, phosphorous, iron andfatty acids profile. AOAC and FSIS SDM2 FSIS MTL-1 methodologieswere used.Results: Results obtained out of breast and leg without skin(every 100 g of edible portion): 107 (SD 4) and 127 (SD 8) kcal,23.7 (SD 1.0) and 19.9 (SD 1.0) g of proteins, 1.4 (SD 0.3) and 5.3(SD 0.7) g of fat, saturated fats 375 (SD 23.3) and 1367 (DS 71.8)mg, monounsaturated 418 (SD 45,9) and 1829 (SD 110,0) mg, polyunsaturated 432 (SD 35.4) and 1657 (SD 151,4) mg, trans27 (SD 6.1) and 54 (SD 36.3) mg, sodium 47 (SD 4) and 74 (SD5) mg, potassium 355 (SD 21) and 307 (SD 18) mg, phosphorous235 (SD 11) and 195 (SD 10) mg, iron 0.31 and 0.60 mg,respectively. Out of breast and leg with skin (every 100 g ofedible portion): 161 (SD 14), and 200 (SD 20) kcal, 20.2 (SD 1.1)and 17.0 (SD 0.8) g of proteins, 8.9 (SD 1.5) and 14.7 (SD 2.2) gof total fats, respectively.Conclusion: Argentinean chicken meat is a source of protein,low in total lipids, with a predominance of unsaturated fattyacids. It provides 11% of the Adequate Intake for potassium, 46% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for phosphorous,9 and 4% of the RDA for iron in men and women, respectivelyand just 5% of the maximum daily intake of sodium.