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Introduction. Plants have been used as medicines for centuries to treat human diseases. Studies with plants are extremely important for the development of future drugs that can benefit the human population.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. With the emergence of pathogens resistant to antimicrobial agents, there is an urgent need to direct research towards the discovery of new antimicrobials.Aim. In this study, Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity.Methodology. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the MIC using the 96-well plate microdilution technique of ethanolic, hexanic and dicloromethanic extracts of dried S. purpurea leaves against bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. The antioxidant activity of extracts was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) method. To evaluate the safety of extracts, a cytotoxicity study against HaCat, J774 and HepG2 cells was performed.Results. The extracts had no activity against the bacteria at the maximum concentration of 5.0 mg ml-1, but showed fungistatic action against Candida species and dermatophytes. The ethanolic extract showed 88â% antioxidant activity and showed no significant cytotoxicity against the previously mentioned cells.Conclusion. This study showed that the 100â% ethanolic (EtOH) extract was favourable for antifungal and antioxidant activities and did not present significant cytotoxicity against the three studied cell lines, indicating that S. purpurea leaves are promising for the development of new antimicrobials.
Assuntos
Anacardiaceae , Anti-Infecciosos , Antibacterianos , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Bactérias , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (A-PDT) is a modern and non-invasive therapeutic modality. Nanostructures like the polymeric nanocapsules (NC) has proved to be a system that has enormous potential to improve current antimicrobial therapeutic practice. NC of Zinc phenyl-thio-phthalocyanine and Amphotericin B association (NC/ZnS4Pcâ¯+â¯AMB) built with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) 50:50 using the preformed polymer interfacial deposition method were developed at a 0.05â¯mgâ¯mL- 1 theoretical concentration to improve antifungal activity with two actives association and assistance from PDTa. It showed an average particle diameter of 253.8⯱â¯17.3, an average polydispersity index of 0.36⯱â¯0.01, and a negative Zeta potential average of -31.03⯱â¯5.54 for 158 days. UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy analyses did not show changes in photophysical properties in the steady-state of NC/ZnS4Pcâ¯+â¯AMB counterparts free ZnS4Pc. The encapsulation percentage of actives was 89.24 % and 7.40 % for ZnS4Pc and AMB, respectively. Cell viability assay using NIH/3T3 ATCC® CRL-1658 ™ cells line showed no cytotoxicity for the concentrations tested. The photodynamic activity assay using NC/ZnS4Pcâ¯+â¯AMB diluted showed fungal toxicity against Candida albicans yeast with energetic fluences of 12â¯J.cm-2 and 25â¯J.cm-2 by a decrease in cell viability. The MFC assay demonstrated a fungistatic activity for the conditions employed in the PDTa assay. The results show that NC/ZnS4Pcâ¯+â¯AMB is a promising nanomaterial for antimicrobial inactivation using PDT.
Assuntos
Nanocápsulas , Fotoquimioterapia , Anfotericina B , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida albicans , Indóis , Isoindóis , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Polímeros , ZincoRESUMO
Fractionation of extracts from the culture broth of the marine-derived fungus, Paecilomyces sp. 7A22, resulted in the isolation of the harzialactone A (HA), a known compound previously isolated from fungi of marine environments. The chemical structure of HA was determined by spectroscopic analyses. Upon evaluation of HA on antileishmanial assays against Leishmania amazonensis, HA exhibited significant activity against promastigotes forms with IC50 of 5.25 µg mL-1 and moderate activity against intracellular amastigotes with IC50 of 18.18 µg mL-1. This is the first report on the antileishmanial activity of HA, and the effects of HA presented in this work suggest that this class of compounds are suitable for future biological in vitro and in vivo studies for the search of natural products with activity against Leishmania spp. Furthermore, the present results corroborate marine-derived fungi as a promising source of natural products with antiparasitic activity.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Lactonas/farmacologia , Leishmania mexicana/efeitos dos fármacos , Paecilomyces/química , Animais , Organismos Aquáticos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Macrófagos Peritoneais/parasitologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Estrutura Molecular , Paecilomyces/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Dermatophytosis is a dermic disease caused by fungi. The aim of this study was to search anti-dermatophyte bioactive compounds in Piper umbellatum leaves. Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed against MRC-5 and HepG2 as a selectivity parameter. Crude ethanol extract presented MIC value of 39.1 µg/mL against M. canis and no cytotoxicity to Hep G2 (human liver cancer) and MRC-5 (normal lung fibroblast). 4-nerolydilcatechol was isolated from P. umbellatum ethanolic extract. MIC values for 4-NC were 7.6µM to M. canisand 15.6µM to Trichophyton rubrum. 4-NC presented activity against M. canis14 times lower than to MRC-5 (non-tumoral human cell line), which suggest selective activity for this fungus. Molecular modeling suggests 4-NC could bind to CYP51, present in lanosterol synthesis, blocking fungi development. In conclusion, P. umbellatum crude ethanol extract and 4-NC demonstrated high and selective in vitro antifungal activity.[Formula: see text].
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Arthrodermataceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Catecóis/farmacologia , Microsporum/efeitos dos fármacos , Piper/química , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Bioensaio , Domínio Catalítico , Catecóis/química , Catecóis/metabolismo , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Etanol/química , Proteínas Fúngicas/química , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Modelos Moleculares , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Esterol 14-Desmetilase/química , Esterol 14-Desmetilase/metabolismoRESUMO
Following the information obtained by a rational design study, a cyclic and helical-stabilized analogue of the peptide Cm-p5 was synthetized. The cyclic monomer showed an increased activity in vitro against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, compared to Cm-p5. Initially, 14 mutants of Cm-p5 were synthesized following a rational design to improve the antifungal activity and pharmacological properties. Antimicrobial testing showed that the activity was lost in each of these 14 analogues, suggesting, as a main conclusion, that a Glu-His salt bridge could stabilize Cm-p5 helical conformation during the interaction with the plasma membrane. A derivative, obtained by substitution of Glu and His for Cys, was synthesized and oxidized with the generation of a cyclic monomer with improved antifungal activity. In addition, two dimers were generated during the oxidation procedure, a parallel and antiparallel one. The dimers showed a helical secondary structure in water, whereas the cyclic monomer only showed this conformation in SDS. Molecular dynamic simulations confirmed the helical stabilizations for all of them, therefore indicating the possible essential role of the Glu-His salt bridge. In addition, the antiparallel dimer showed a moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a significant activity against Listeria monocytogenes. Neither the cyclic monomer nor the dimers were toxic against macrophages or THP-1 human cells. Due to its increased capacity for fungal control compared to fluconazole, its low cytotoxicity, together with a stabilized α-helix and disulfide bridges, that may advance its metabolic stability, and in vivo activity, the new cyclic Cm-p5 monomer represents a potential systemic antifungal therapeutic candidate.
RESUMO
Plinia cauliflora is a plant species with edible fruits but its chemical composition is not totally known yet although former studies showed its potential as antifungal agent. This work aimed the chemical analysis of the leaves, the activity against fungi species and evaluated cytotoxicity. Extract was obtained with 70% ethanol. An ethyl acetate fraction was obtained and glycosylated quercetin and myricetin were isolated. Samples were tested against Candida species, dermatophytes and entomopathogenic fungi. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against fibroblast cells. Extract showed good activity against C. albicans (minimum inhibitory concentration at 156 µg/mL), C. parapsilosis (78 µg/mL), C. krusei (19 µg/mL), Trichophyton rubrum (78 µg/mL) and Microsporum canis (156 µg/mL). Isolated compounds were more active against C. krusei and T. rubrum. The extract, which was the more active sample, demonstrated low cytotoxic effect and encourage more studies against rising non-albicans species and dermatophyte T. rubrum.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Myrtaceae/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Animais , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Arthrodermataceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Citotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microsporum/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Quercetina/isolamento & purificação , Quercetina/farmacologia , Trichophyton/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Stryphnodendron spp., popularly known as "barbatimão", is the native Brazilian tree most often employed to treat wounds and infections. The aim of the present study was to highlight the importance of S. adstringens, as well as other Stryphnodendron species recognized as "barbatimão", to human health, depicting the relevance of ethnopharmacological knowledge to scientific evidence for uses, related chemical compounds, development of pharmaceutical formulations, and the establishment of toxicity parameters. For this purpose, the literature databases PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, CAPES Thesis and Google Scholar were searched until 2017. It was observed that stem bark was the primary part of the plant used, mainly as a decoction, for wound healing and treatment of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Confirmed biological activities, including wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, were related to the presence of compounds from tannin class, mostly proanthocyanidins. Toxicity parameters for stem bark were inconclusive, but toxicity was observed to a significant extent when seeds were ingested by cattle or other animals. Due to these important and confirmed biological activities, government policy encourages the phytotherapic use of S. adstringens, and some formulations with stem bark extracts were developed and patented. Furthermore, antiprotozoal, hypoglycemic and antiviral activities were identified as promising.
Assuntos
Fabaceae/química , Bases de Dados como Assunto , Etnofarmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Publicações , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Equisetum hyemale species is considered a medicinal plant used in the form of infusions to combat infectious or inflammation diseases and also diuretic effects, presenting several compounds related to these actions. In previous studies different species of Equisetum showed several phenolic compounds. The objective of this study was, for the first time, based on phytochemistry analysis to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The 70% ethanolic and methanolic extracts of E. hyemale were characterized by spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometric detector analyses, as well as its antioxidant potential based on the scavenger activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In addition was verified the antimicrobial activity by broth microdilution technique against bacteria and fungi. The extracts showed phytochemical similarity, which demonstrated the presence of phenolic compounds, the scavenging activity for free radicals was about 30% and was observed better antifungal activity against dermatophyte fungi, with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of 0.62 mg/mL to Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis. The extracts exhibits great potential to therapeutic applications or product development, since both possess antifungal activity and antioxidant action associated with little difference in their phytochemical composition.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Equisetum/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Arthrodermataceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonoides/análise , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Fenóis/análise , Fitoterapia , Plantas MedicinaisRESUMO
The present investigation was to evaluate the potential trypanocidal activity of crude ethanolic extract of the fruits of Solanum palinacanthum, Solanum lycocarpum and the glycoalcaloid, solamargine. S. palinacanthum and S. lycocarpum fruit powders were submitted to exhaustively extraction with 96% ethanol and solamargine were isolated from the extract of S. palinacanthum. Both extracts and solamargine were analysed for trypanocidal activity by using MTT colorimetric assay. Extracts of S. palinacanthum showed to be more active (IC50 = 175.9 µg.ml-1) than S. lycocarpum (IC50 = 194.7 µg.ml-1). Solamargine presented a strong activity (IC50 = 15.3 µg.ml-1), which can explain the better activity of the both extracts. Benznidazol (IC50 = 9.0 µg.ml-1) is the only drug used to treat Chagas' disease. These findings demonstrate for the first time that ethanol extracts obtained from both fruits of S. palinacanthum and S. lycocarpum and also solamargine have a potential anti-trypanosomal activity.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Alcaloides de Solanáceas/farmacologia , Solanum/química , Tripanossomicidas/farmacologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/efeitos dos fármacos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Solanum/classificação , Tripanossomicidas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
In addition to the bio-guided investigation of the antifungal activity of Plinia cauliflora leaves against different Candida species, the major aim of the present study was the search for targets on the fungal cell. The most active antifungal fraction was purified by chromatography and characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. The antifungal activity was evaluated against five Candida strains according to referenced guidelines. Cytotoxicity against fibroblast cells was determined. The likely targets of Candida albicans cells were assessed through interactions with ergosterol and cell wall composition, porosity and architecture. The chemical major component within the most active antifungal fraction of P. cauliflora leaves identified was the hydrolysable tannin casuarinin. The cytotoxic concentration was higher than the antifungal one. The first indication of plant target on cellular integrity was suggested by the antifungal activity ameliorated when using an osmotic support. The most important target for the tannin fraction studied was suggested by ultrastructural analysis of yeast cell walls revealing a denser mannan outer layer and wall porosity reduced. It is possible to imply that P. cauliflora targeted the C. albicans cell wall inducing some changes in the architecture, notably the outer glycoprotein layer, affecting the cell wall porosity without alteration of the polysaccharide or protein level.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Parede Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/farmacologia , Myrtaceae/metabolismo , Candida/classificação , Candidíase/tratamento farmacológico , Glicoproteínas/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Porosidade/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Paepalanthus spp., Eriocaulaceae, are native plants from Brazil known as "sempre-vivas" (everlasting flowers). In this work, we evaluated the potential anti-mycobacterial activity of two methoxylated flavonoids (flavonoid 7-methylquercetagetin and 7-methylquercetagetin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) isolated and identified from P. latipes and the naphthopyranone fractions from P. bromeliodes ethanolic extracts. The MIC value of 500 µg/mL was verified for all compounds tested against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. For M. avium, the MIC value ranged from 1000-2000 µg/mL excepting to naphthopyranone fractions with MIC of 500 µg/mL. This is the first report of activity determination of Paepalanthus spp. flavonoids activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium.
RESUMO
Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, widespread in South America, has edible fruits, and its bark is commonly used against diarrhea and other disorders, on account of its astringency. Because diarrhea is still one of the most important causes of illness and death among children in developing countries, where the population turns to traditional medicine for its treatment, the present study determined the composition of fruit and leaf extracts of P. cauliflora, analyzed the activity against diarrhea by antimicrobial and gastrointestinal motility, and evaluated the cytotoxicity of the extracts. Chemical composition was determined by high-performance liquid chromatograpy-ultraviolet/photodiode array detection. Antimicrobial activity was analyzed by agar diffusion and the microdilution method against etiological agents of diarrhea. The effect on gastrointestinal motility was analyzed using an experimental model in mice. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro with the fibroblast cell line SIRC CCL 60, and leaf extract showed a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.48 µg/mL. Gallic acid, ellagic acid, and flavonoid derivatives were detected in the extracts. It was observed that fruit and leaf extracts showed some activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Shigella sp. However, neither extract had any effect on gastrointestinal motility.
Assuntos
Antidiarreicos/farmacologia , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Myrtaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Ácido Elágico/farmacologia , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Folhas de Planta/química , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Shigella sonnei/efeitos dos fármacos , América do SulRESUMO
The growing list of drug-resistant microorganisms and the persistence of deaths due to diarrhea are compelling reasons to study plants in search of new therapeutic agents. The chemical constitution and popular use of the edible fruits of Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg motivated this study to assess the antimicrobial and antidiarrheal properties of the fruits. An extract in 70% ethanol was prepared, and its antimicrobial activity was tested against several strains of bacteria by the agar diffusion and microdilution methods. Antidiarrheal activity was analyzed by testing intestinal motility in an animal model. Preliminary phytochemical study indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in the hydroalcoholic extract. Antimicrobial activity was significant, but the minimum inhibitory concentration proved to be higher than the maximum extract concentration tested. The extract did not show significant activity for intestinal motility. Although this fruit extract did not show great results as an antimicrobial or antidiarrheal agent, the study contributes to the search for new plant agents and could be referred to as a research protocol by investigators in this area.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antidiarreicos/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Myrtaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Feminino , Flavonoides/análise , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Modelos Animais , Saponinas/análise , Taninos/análiseRESUMO
Atualmente, as plantas medicinais movem altos valores financeiros em todo o mundo e representam o tipo de tratamento mais acessível para cerca de 80 por cento da população, principalmente entre os países em desenvolvimento. Entretanto, existe ainda uma falta de conhecimento sobre propriedades químicas, farmacológicas e toxicológicas a fim de assegurar a eficácia e segurança das plantas medicinais. Os critérios de eficácia e segurança de plantas medicinais estão relacionados a qualidade, isto é, as plantas necessitam ser corretamente identificadas, cultivadas e coletadas, devem estar livres de material estranho, partes de outras plantas e contaminações inorgânicas e/ou microbianas. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de elucidar os diferentes processos e padronizações sobre o controle de drogas vegetais, principalmente no Brasil.
Nowadays medicinal plants move high financial values at the world and represent a type of treatment more accessible for about 80 percent of people, mainly among developing countries. However, there is a lack of knowledge about chemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties towards ensure their efficacy and safety. Efficacy and safety criteria of medicinal plants are related to quality, that is, the plants need to be correctly identified, cultivated and harvested, they must be free of strange material, part of other plants and inorganic and/or microorganisms contamination. The aim of this study was to elucidate different process and standardizations about quality control of vegetal drugs mainly in Brazil.
RESUMO
In this work, chemical and biological activities of crude extracts obtained with 50 percent ethanol, 70 percent ethanol, acetone:water (7:3; v/v) and chloroform of Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Kausel, Myrtaceae, leaves, a native tree from several regions of Brazil, was investigated. Histochemical and phytochemical screenings were done according to characterization reactions and thin layer chromatography. To assist in extracts standardization, total phenol and flavonoids content spectrophotometric was performed. Antioxidant activity was analyzed by percentage of radical scavenging using DPPH solution. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and species of Candida using agar diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination methods according to standard methods. The leaves presented lipids at secretory cavity and phenols, mainly tannins, in nervures and palisade parenchyma. Polar extracts showed flavonoids, tannins and high content of phenols and flavonoids. The extracts showed great antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity was better against Candida species than against bacteria.
No presente trabalho, foram investigadas a composição química e atividades biológicas de extratos brutos obtidos com etanol 50 por cento, etanol 70 por cento, acetona:água (7:3; v/v) e clorofórmio das folhas de Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Kausel, Myrtaceae, uma árvore nativa de várias regiões do Brasil. Os rastreamentos histoquímico e fitoquímico foram feitos de acordo com reações de caracterização e cromatografia em camada delgada. Para auxiliar na padronização dos extratos foram realizadas determinações do teor de fenóis totais e de flavonoides totais, espectrofotometricamente. A atividade antioxidante foi analisada pela porcentagem de sequestro de radicais livres usando solução de DPPH. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada frente a bactérias patogênicas Gram-positivas, Gram-negativas e espécies de Candida utilizando os métodos de difusão em ágar e determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (MIC) de acordo com métodos padronizados. As folhas apresentaram lipídeos nas cavidades secretoras e fenóis, principalmente taninos, nas nervuras e parênquima paliçádico. Os extratos polares apresentaram flavonoides, taninos, alto teor de fenóis totais e de flavonoides totais. Os extratos mostraram elevada atividade antioxidante e a atividade antimicrobiana foi melhor contra as espécies de Candida do que contra as bactérias.
RESUMO
Considerando-se a qualidade dos fitoterápicos, é importante salientar que a preocupação com esta questão inclui rigoroso acompanhamento das diferentes etapas do desenvolvimento e produção destes produtos, desde a coleta do vegetal até a disponibilidade do produto final. Neste trabalho, foram realizados o controle da qualidade, o potencial antioxidante como também ensaios biológicos in vitro do fruto da goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.), para o desenvolvimento de uma formulação fitocosmética. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o fruto apresenta taninos e flavonóides, bem como atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana. A análise microbiológica não apresentou crescimento de patógenos na formulação desenvolvida entre os outros testes realizados. Destaca-se a importância do estabelecimento do controle da qualidade para as plantas, a fim de que sejam utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de uma formulação fitocosmética segura, eficaz e com qualidade.
Considering the quality of the phytotherapic products, it is important to point out that the concern with this question includes rigorous accompaniment of the different stages of the development and production of these products, since the collection of the vegetable until the availability of the end product. In this work the quality control, the antioxidant potential were performed as also biological assays in vitro of guava fruit (P. guajava L.), for the development of a phytocosmetic formulation. The results had shown that the fruit presents tannins and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The microbiological analysis did not present growth of pathogens. The importance of the establishment of the quality control for the plants is relevant, so that they are used for the development of a phytocosmetic formulation considered safe, efficient and with quality.
RESUMO
As espécies pertencentes ao gênero Stryphnodendron são conhecidas como "barbatimão" e são nativas do cerrado brasileiro. Possuem taninos como metabólitos secundários primordiais de suas cascas apresentando, entre outras, atividade antimicrobiana e cicatrizante. A concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) do extrato seco das cascas de Stryphnodendron adstringens frente a duas bactérias Gram-positivas e uma bactéria Gram-negativa foi determinada pela técnica de diluição em tubos. A atividade antimicrobiana do extrato seco e a atividade anti-séptica de sabonete líquido contendo o extrato seco foram avaliadas pelo método de difusão em ágar. O extrato apresentou valores de concentração bactericida mínima de 50 mg/mL frente a Staphylococcus aureus e 75 mg/mL contra Staphylococcus epidermidis e Escherichia coli e no teste de difusão em ágar, S. aureus apresentou maior sensibilidade ao extrato seco que as outras bactérias. O sabonete líquido mostrou maior eficiência na atividade anti-séptica contra as bactérias testadas na concentração de 100 mg de extrato/mL de sabonete.
The species of the genus Stryphnodendron are known as "barbatimão" and are native from Brazilian "cerrado". They present tannins as main secondary metabolites of their barks and show antimicrobial and cicatrisation activity among others. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the dry extract from the barks of Stryphnodendron adstringens against two Gram-positive and one Gram-negative bacteria was done using methodology of broth dilution in tubes. The antimicrobial activity of the dry extract and the antiseptic activity of the liquid soap containing that dry extract were evaluated by agar difusion method. For the extract were obtained the minimum bactericidal concentration values of 50 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 75 mg/mL against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli and by agar difusion, S. aureus showed more sensibility to the dry extract than the other bacteria. The liquid soap showed efficiency in the antiseptic activity against the bacteria studied at the concentration of 100 mg of extract/mL of soap.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Fabaceae , Extratos Vegetais , TaninosRESUMO
Os produtos hortícolas minimamente processados sofrem no seu processo as operações como lavagem, classificação, corte, descascamento, fatiamento, descaroçamento, que podem ser usadas antes do branqueamento no processamento convencional. Eles são pré-preparados e imediatamente destinados aos consumidores, podendo apresentar alta contaminação devido as lesões dos tecidos, bem como o aumento do seu potencial de deterioração, e ao alto teor de umidade em que são acondicionados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma avaliação microbiológica comparativa de vegetais in natura e os minimamente processados comercializados em hipermercados da cidade de Ribeirão Preto. As amostras de alfaces (Lactuca sativa) foram analisadas microbiologicamente utilizando meios adequados para identificação dos microrganismos. Foram encontrados Escherichia coli, Serratia sp, Enterobacter sp, klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus sp na amostra da alface processada (amostra I) e Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella penumoniae, Enterobacter sp, Citrobacter sp na amostra não processada (amostra II). O Número Mais Provável (NMP) para a amostra minimamente processada foi ≥2,4x10² UFC / g e 2,1 x 10 UFC/g para a contagem de microrganismos provenientes de caldo lactosado (CL) e meio EC respectivamente. Na amostra não processada encontramos < 3 UFC /g nos meios caldo lactosado (CL) e EC. Os números de microrganismos obtidos indicam que o alimento da amostra I estava impróprio para o consumo, pois apresentaram-se acima do permitido pela Resolução n. 12, 02 de janeiro de 2001, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Podemos sugerir que o processamento realizado sem as condições ideais de sanitização levou a maior contaminação microbiana.
Assuntos
Lactuca/microbiologia , Coliformes , Escherichia coli , Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Serratia , Staphylococcus , ComércioRESUMO
Os produtos hortícolas minimamente processados sofrem no seu processo as operações como lavagem, classificação, corte, descascamento, fatiamento, descaroçamento, que podem ser usadas antes do branqueamento no processamento convencional. Eles são pré-preparados e imediatamente destinados aos consumidores, podendo apresentar alta contaminação devido as lesões dos tecidos, bem como o aumento do seu potencial de deterioração, e ao alto teor de umidade em que são acondicionados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma avaliação microbiológica comparativa de vegetais in natura e os minimamente processados comercializados em hipermercados da cidade de Ribeirão Preto. As amostras de alfaces (Lactuca sativa) foram analisadas microbiologicamente utilizando meios adequados para identificação dos microrganismos. Foram encontrados Escherichia coli, Serratia sp, Enterobacter sp, klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus sp na amostra da alface processada (amostra I) e Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella penumoniae, Enterobacter sp, Citrobacter sp na amostra não processada (amostra II). O Número Mais Provável (NMP) para a amostra minimamente processada foi ≥2,4x10² UFC / g e 2,1 x 10 UFC/g para a contagem de microrganismos provenientes de caldo lactosado (CL) e meio EC respectivamente. Na amostra não processada encontramos < 3 UFC /g nos meios caldo lactosado (CL) e EC. Os números de microrganismos obtidos indicam que o alimento da amostra I estava impróprio para o consumo, pois apresentaram-se acima do permitido pela Resolução n. 12, 02 de janeiro de 2001, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Podemos sugerir que o processamento realizado sem as condições ideais de sanitização levou a maior contaminação microbiana.(AU)
Minimally processed horticultural products are submitted in the process to the operations of laudering, classification, cutting, peling, slicing, removing seeds, that can be used before branqueament in the conventional processing. They are previously prepared and immediately destined to the consumers, presenting high contamination due totissues injured and in the high level of humidity where they are conditioned, increasing its potential of deterioration. The objective of this work was to carry a comparative microbiological evaluation of vegetable commercialized in natura and minimally processed in hypermarket of Ribeirão Preto city. The samples of lettuces (Lactuca sativa) were analyzed microbiologically using media convenient for identification of the microorganisms. It was found Escherichia coli, Serratia sp, Enterobacter sp, Klebsiella oxytoca, staphylococcus sp in the sample of the processed lettuce (sample I) and Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter sp, Citrobacter sp in the sample not processed (sample II). The Most Probable Number (MPN) technique for sample minimally processed was :? 2,4 x 102 UFC/ g and 2,1 x 101 UFC/ g to the microorganisms provenient from Lactose broth (CL) and EC broth (EC) respectively. In sample not minimally processed it was found < 3 UFC/g in CL and EC broths. The numbers ofmicroorganisms obtained indicated that the sample I was improper for the consumption and therefore wereabove of determined for the Resolution no. 12, of 02 of January of 2001 from Agência Nacional de VigilânciaSanitária. We could suggest that the processing carried through without the ideal conditions of sanitization induce higher levels of microbial contamination. (AU)
Assuntos
Lactuca/microbiologia , Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Coliformes , Escherichia coli , Serratia , Staphylococcus , ComércioRESUMO
A eficácia antimicrobiana de conservantes empregados em formulações cosméticas foi avaliada usando Phenova® e Imidazolinidil uréia que inibiram o crescimento de Bacillus subtilis no extrato de Achillea millefolium L. e Nipagin®/ Nipasol® 0,2 por cento em propilenoglicol não apresentaram efeito microbicida.