Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Hispânico ou Latino/educação , Ciências da Nutrição/educação , Adolescente , Adulto , Custos e Análise de Custo , Feminino , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/prevenção & controle , Frutas , Promoção da Saúde/economia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/prevenção & controle , Jornais como Assunto , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Porto Rico/etnologia , Rádio , Televisão , População Urbana , VerdurasAssuntos
Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/mortalidade , Modelos Econométricos , Poluição da Água/efeitos adversos , Abastecimento de Água/normas , Agricultura , Carcinógenos , Clorofórmio , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/etiologia , Humanos , Indústrias , México/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Gerenciamento de ResíduosRESUMO
Tobago is a participant in the INTERSALT study, a multicentre study of inter-relationships between salt intake, bloodpressure and other variables. In the period 1986-1987, in Tobago, a random sample of 200 men and women, 25 in each of 8 age/sex groups, were enrolled in the study. Systolic and diastolic bloodpressure levels were measured with a Hawksley random sphygmomanometer under defined conditions, a spot urine and 24-hr. urine collection were obtained and information was obtained on cardio-vascular risk factors (questionnaire), drug schedules and alcohol intake. Overall in the INTERSALT study of 52 centres in 32 countries, increase of systolic and diastolic bloodpressure with age was significantly related to the average sodium excretion. In addition, sodium excretion (positive), body mass index (positive), heavy alcohol intake (positive) and potassium excretion (negative) were significantly related to the bloodpressure of individuals. In Tobago, prevalence of raised bloodpressure was 18 per cent. Thirteen per cent of men were heavy drinkers (>300 ml alcohol per week), and an average body mass index of 27.0 (kg/m2) and sodium/potassium ratio 2.77 were recorded (men and women combined). The results indicate above optimal values of these variables in Tobago, and suggest the potential for appropriate lifestyle changes of high bloodpressure in Tobago (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Hipertensão/etiologia , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/urina , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Trinidad e Tobago , Constituição CorporalRESUMO
To study the effects of clonidine on growth and plasma somatomedin C (SmC) levels, 42 male Wistar rats aged 28 days and weighing 75 to 105 g were given clonidine (1.5 micrograms/ml in drinking water), or filtered water alone and were weighed weekly. After 0, 4 and 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, their length was measured and blood was collected by cardiac puncture for measurement of SmC concentration. Growth and the weight/length ratio were lower, and plasma SmC levels (mean +/- SEM) were greater in the treated groups after 4 (616 +/- 44.7 vs 433.2 +/- 39.38 ng/ml, P less than 0.01) and 8 (595.2 +/- 28.3 vs 412.66 +/- 39.01 ng/ml, P less than 0.01) weeks of treatment, suggesting that clonidine treatment increased growth hormone secretion. In other experiments, treated animals showed increased food intake only during the first week of treatment and decreased epididymal fat weight after 3 weeks (1.412 +/- 0.0536 vs 1.6 +/- 0.1336 mg/100 g body weight, P less than 0.01). The results suggest that clonidine acts at the level of the central nervous system involving transitory modulation of food intake, as well as on the regulation of energy metabolism.
Assuntos
Clonidina/farmacologia , Comportamento Alimentar/efeitos dos fármacos , Crescimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Animais , Metabolismo Energético , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
To study effects of clonidine on growth and plasma somatomedin C (SmC) lelvels, 42 male Wistar rats aged 28 days and weighing 75 to 105 g were given clonidine (1,5 microng/ml in drinking water), or filtered water alone and were weighed weekly. After 0,4 and 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, their length was measured and blood was collected by cardiac puncture for measurement of SmC concentration. Growth and the weigh/lengh ratio were lower, and plasma SmC levels (mean ñ SEM) were greater in the treated groups after 4 (616 ñ 44.7 vs 433.2 ñ 39.38 ng/ml, P < 0.01) and 8(595.2 28.3 vs 412.66 ñ 39.01 ng/ml, P < 0.01) weeks of treatment, suggesting that clonidine treatment increased growth hormone secretion. In other experiments, treated showed increased food intake only during the first week of treatment and decreased epididymal fat weight afther 3 weeks (1.412 ñ 0.0536 vs 1.6 ñ 0.1335 mg/100 g body weight, P < 0.01). The results suggest that clonidine acts at the level of the central nervous system involving transitory modulation of food intake, as well as on the regulation of energy metabolism
Assuntos
Ratos , Animais , Masculino , Clonidina/farmacologia , Comportamento Alimentar/efeitos dos fármacos , Crescimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/sangue , Metabolismo Energético , Ratos Wistar , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Between 1976 and 1982, blood was collected from all consenting adults in a known censused area of Plymouth, Bethesda in Tobago. Serum was tested using the ELISA test. One hundred and seventeen of 532 persons showed evidence of exposure to leptospires at titres of > 1:50. The serogroup most commonly detected was Bataviae. Agricultural workers tended to have high exposure rates particularly to Pyrogenes, Syroe, Bataviae and Canicola. The presence of animals associated with the homes studied appeared to increase exposure to leptospires (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Leptospirose/sangue , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/instrumentação , Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Nanismo/etiologia , Somatomedinas/metabolismo , Pré-Escolar , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Hormônio do Crescimento/análise , Humanos , Insulina de Ação Prolongada/administração & dosagem , Insulina de Ação Prolongada/uso terapêutico , MasculinoRESUMO
Plasma prednisolone levels have been measured hourly in children receiving a single dose of oral prednisone. Peak prednisolone levels occurred one to two hours after ingestion; half-life studies gave a mean value of 132 minutes in most children. Some children had marked variability in absorption and metabolism of prednisone. Somatomedin activity and cell-mediated immunity were inhibited by plasma prednisolone values which were achieved by single doses of prednisone of 0.5 mg/kg or higher. Monitoring prednisolone levels may be of value in identifying those children who accumulate excessively high levels on moderate dosage regimens.