RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infection. The present systematic review summarizes data regarding the prevalence of HPV and the distribution of subtypes in heterosexual male partners of women, who were diagnosed with any grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the literature by Medline and Google Scholar databases using the terms "Human Papillomavirus" or "HPV" plus "men" or "male partners" or "women with CIN". We included original published English-language articles published from 1/1/2000 until 1/1/2018 that had screened male partners of women with CIN using HPV DNA testing. We excluded studies that they overlapped with other included studies or were unrelated to the study subject. RESULTS: We included a total of 12 publications, which reported the prevalence of HPV in free-clinical signs male partners of women with CIN. The largest proportion of the studies were from South America (seven studies), and the rest from Europe. The mean age of participants was 35.18 + - 3.47 years. HPV prevalence ranged from 12.9 to 86%; the total HPV prevalence among the studies was 49.1%, while ten out twelve studies (83.3%) demonstrated prevalence > 20%. Between the studies, the distribution of HPV subtypes varied on the basis of the method used, on the population and on the geographic region. A great variety of subtypes were detected, including 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 40, 42, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66, 68, 81 and 83. In six studies the HPV 16 was the most frequent, while in two others the HPV 6 and HPV 83. CONCLUSIONS: Until now, there are not precise screening or surveillance guidelines for the management of partners of women with CIN. This population is frequently colonized by various HPV subtypes and therefore need to be screened in an effort to reduce the infection in both sexes. The screening test could include detection/identification of HPV subtypes by a molecular assay, followed by peniscopy only in the positive cases.
Assuntos
Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Adulto , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidade , Prevalência , Parceiros Sexuais , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/virologia , América do SulRESUMO
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a multifactorial disease entity with an unclear pathogenesis. Contradictory data exist in the literature on the potential implication of viral elements in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of human herpes viruses (1-6) and Human Papilloma Virus in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and healthy controls. METHODS: Viral DNA presence was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction application to nasal polyps specimens from 91 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients and nasal turbinate mucosa from 38 healthy controls. RESULTS: Epstein-Barr virus positivity was higher in nasal polyps (24/91; 26.4%) versus controls (4/38; 10.5%), but the difference did not reach significance (p = 0.06). Human herpes virus-6 positivity was lower in nasal polyps (13/91; 14.29%) versus controls (10/38; 26.32%,p = 0.13). In chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps group, 1 sample was herpes simplex virus-1-positive (1/91; 1.1%), and another was cytomegalovirus-positive (1/91; 1.1%), versus none in controls. No sample was positive for herpes simplex virus-2, varicella-zoster virus, high-risk-human papilloma viruses (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) and low-risk-human papilloma viruses (6, 11). CONCLUSION: Differences in Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus-6 positivity among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and healthy controls are not statistically significant, weakening the likelihood of their implication in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps pathogenesis.
RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A rinossinusite crônica com pólipos é uma doença multifatorial de etiopatogênese ainda não definida. Existem dados contraditórios na literatura sobre a implicação potencial de elementos virais na etiologia de pólipos nasossinusais. OBJETIVO: Comparar a prevalência de herpes vírus humanos (1-6) e papiloma vírus humano em pacientes adultos com rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais (CRwNP) e controles saudáveis. MÉTODO: A presença de DNA viral foi avaliada por PCR em tempo real, em amostras de pólipos nasais de 91 pacientes com CRwNP e na mucosa das conchas nasais de 38 controles saudáveis. RESULTADOS: A positividade do EBV foi maior nos pólipos nasais (24/91; 26,4%) do que nos controles (4/38; 10,5%), mas a diferença não foi significante (p = 0,06). O HHV-6 apresentou positividade menor nos pólipos nasais (13/91; 14,29%) do que os controles (10/38; 26,32%), (p = 0,13). No grupo CRwNP, uma amostra foi positiva para o vírus herpes simples (HSV-1) (1/91; 1,1%), e uma para citomegalovírus (CMV) (1/91; 1,1%); e nenhuma amostra foi positiva no grupo controle. Não houve amostra positiva para HSV-2, VZV, HR-HPV (16,18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) e LR-HPV (6,11). CONCLUSÃO: Diferenças de positividade do EBV e HHV-6 entre pacientes com CRwNP e controles saudáveis não são estatisticamente significantes, enfraquecendo a probabilidade de sua implicação na patogênese da CRwNP.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Herpesviridae/isolamento & purificação , Mucosa Nasal/virologia , Pólipos Nasais/virologia , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Rinite/virologia , Sinusite/virologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Herpesviridae/classificação , Herpesviridae/genética , Estudos Prospectivos , Papillomaviridae/classificação , Papillomaviridae/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a multifactorial disease entity with an unclear pathogenesis. Contradictory data exist in the literature on the potential implication of viral elements in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of human herpes viruses (1-6) and Human Papilloma Virus in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and healthy controls. METHODS: Viral DNA presence was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction application to nasal polyps specimens from 91 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients and nasal turbinate mucosa from 38 healthy controls. RESULTS: Epstein-Barr virus positivity was higher in nasal polyps (24/91; 26.4%) versus controls (4/38; 10.5%), but the difference did not reach significance (p=0.06). Human herpes virus-6 positivity was lower in nasal polyps (13/91; 14.29%) versus controls (10/38; 26.32%, p=0.13). In chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps group, 1 sample was herpes simplex virus-1-positive (1/91; 1.1%), and another was cytomegalovirus-positive (1/91; 1.1%), versus none in controls. No sample was positive for herpes simplex virus-2, varicella-zoster virus, high-risk-human papilloma viruses (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) and low-risk-human papilloma viruses (6, 11). CONCLUSION: Differences in Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus-6 positivity among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and healthy controls are not statistically significant, weakening the likelihood of their implication in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps pathogenesis.