RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment in trauma is a promising strategy to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a gunshot wound causing an initially undiagnosed subclavian artery injury, with delayed progression to a complex, difficult-to-manage arteriovenous (AV) fistula. Placement of an encapsulated endovascular stent graft resolved the primary lesion, but persistent cervical arteriovenous communications were only repaired after multiple, sequential embolization procedures. REPORT: A 25-year-old male sustained a gunshot wound to the right neck. Initial treatment failed to identify any vascular injury, and the patient was discharged. Three weeks later, he presented to our facility with headache and a palpable right-sided cervical thrill. Arteriography showed contrast extravasation from the right subclavian artery and an AV fistula with the ipsilateral internal jugular vein. The arterial injury was repaired with an encapsulated stent graft, but residual contrast leak persisted on follow-up angiography. Three months after the first intervention, cervical thrill was still present; a right vertebral-right internal jugular AV fistula was identified and repaired by distal coil embolization. One month later, persistent symptoms prompted repeat arteriography, which again identified contrast extravasation, now involving the thyrocervical trunk. Selective thyrocervical embolization was ultimately successful, with resolution of symptoms and no further evidence of contrast leak. CONCLUSION: Delayed management of neck trauma can be challenging due to neovascularization, which hinders open repair in this delicate region. Post-traumatic arteriovenous fistulas are thus a particularly fearsome complication, and can be very difficult to approach; as in our patient, multiple interventions may be required. This case highlights the importance of detecting vascular trauma as early as possible, as a delay in diagnosis can hinder treatment and eventuate challenging late complications. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the long-term benefits of endovascular management of complex vascular injuries of the neck region.
RESUMO
A agenesia de carótida interna é uma anomalia rara. Na maioria dos casos, é assintomática devido às anastomoses que podem estar presentes, mas pode estar associada a complicações, principalmente quando evidenciada a presença de outras alterações anatômicas ou doença aterosclerótica grave. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente feminina de 63 anos, hipertensa e diabética, com história de cirurgia prévia para clipagem de aneurisma cerebral. Na investigação através de eco-Doppler e angiotomografia de carótidas e vertebrais, foi evidenciada agenesia unilateral da artéria carótida interna esquerda. Este relato objetiva chamar atenção para a importância de se suspeitar de malformações vasculares durante a investigação de quadros neurológicos. A agenesia de carótida interna tem uma importante associação com aneurismas intracerebrais, e é possível poupar o paciente de graves complicações quando estes são identificados a tempo
Agenesis of the internal carotid artery is a rare anomaly. It is usually asymptomatic because of the presence of anastomoses, but it can be associated with complications, especially when there is evidence of other anatomical abnormalities or severe atherosclerotic disease. We report the case of a 63-year-old female patient with hypertension and diabetes and a history of intracranial aneurysm clipping. Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography of the carotid and vertebral arteries showed unilateral agenesis of the left internal carotid artery. Thisîreport aims to highlight the importance of suspecting vascular malformations during investigation of neurological conditions. Internal carotid agenesis has a significant association with intracranial aneurysms and their early detection can spare the patient serious complications
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aorta Torácica/anormalidades , Artéria Carótida Interna/anormalidades , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Angiografia/métodos , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Aneurisma Intracraniano/fisiopatologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Artéria SubcláviaRESUMO
Agenesis of the internal carotid artery is a rare anomaly. It is usually asymptomatic because of the presence of anastomoses, but it can be associated with complications, especially when there is evidence of other anatomical abnormalities or severe atherosclerotic disease. We report the case of a 63-year-old female patient with hypertension and diabetes and a history of intracranial aneurysm clipping. Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography of the carotid and vertebral arteries showed unilateral agenesis of the left internal carotid artery. This report aims to highlight the importance of suspecting vascular malformations during investigation of neurological conditions. Internal carotid agenesis has a significant association with intracranial aneurysms and their early detection can spare the patient serious complications.