RESUMO
A cross-sectional study was carried out, from November 2007 to March 2008, to estimate the prevalence of and to determine risk factors associated with bovine syncytial respiratory virus (BRSV) and parainfluenza 3 virus (PIV3) in dual-purpose herds in Colima, México. One hundred and seventy-six sera from 33 herds for PIV3 and 232 sera from 44 herds for BRSV were used. Sera were analyzed by indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies against BRSV and PIV3 in cattle herds to determine the seroprevalence of respiratory diseases. The apparent and true prevalences for PIV3 were 60.8% and 54.4% and for BRSV 52.2% and 50.8%, respectively. The percentage of herds showing at least one positive animal was 78.7% for PIV3, and 93.2% for BRSV. Age (≤ 12, 13-48, and >48 months old) and respiratory signs (no, yes) showed significant association (P < 0.05) with PIV3 and age with BRSV. This study showed that animals were exposed to both viruses and that age was the main risk factor. The need to establish new vaccination plans to effectively protect cattle against those infections in the state of Colima, Mexico is suggested.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Bovina/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/veterinária , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Respirovirus/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , México/epidemiologia , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Bovina/imunologia , Prevalência , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/microbiologia , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/imunologia , Infecções por Respirovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Respirovirus/microbiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
The objective of the work was to study H. irritans population fluctuation in a cattle herd in Tecoman, Colima, Mexico. The cattle herd was visited weekly from March 2003 to May 2004; on each occasion, ten animals were randomly selected to estimate infestation by direct visualization method. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) were recorded daily. Population fluctuation was described and periods and population peaks were identified. Pearson's correlation analysis was calculated (P < 0.05) between temperature and RH, with fly average number per animal for each population period. H. irritans infestation had fluctuations, but with presence of flies all the year; the highest infestation was observed in summer, where two population peaks were present, with 236 and 120 flies per animal, respectively; the activity in autumn and winter also showed fluctuations and the population had an increment in spring, where a population peak could be observed, as well as at the beginning of the study (156 flies/animal) and at the end (323 flies/animal). In the first population period, a significant correlation coefficient (0.93) was found with temperature, similar situation was observed in the fourth period (-0.57); no significant coefficients were found in other population periods for the climatic factors in study.
El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar la fluctuación poblacional de H. irritans en un hato de ganado bovino en el municipio de Tecomán, Colima, México. El hato fue visitado semanalmente de marzo de 2003 a mayo de 2004; en cada ocasión se seleccionaron al azar diez animales para estimar la infestación mediante el método de visualización directa. Se registró la temperatura y la humedad relativa (HR) diariamente. Se describió la fluctuación poblacional presentada y se identificaron los periodos y picos poblacionales. Se realizó un análisis de correlación de Pearson (P < 0.05) entre la temperatura y la HR, con los valores promedio del número de moscas por animal para cada uno de los periodos poblacionales. La infestación por H. irritans fue fluctuante, pero con presencia de moscas durante todo el año; los momentos de mayor infestación se observaron en verano, al presentarse dos picos poblacionales, con 236 y 120 moscas/animal; la actividad en otoño e invierno también fluctuó; se incrementó en primavera, durante la cual se observó un pico poblacional, tanto al inicio del estudio (156 moscas/animal) como al final (323 moscas/animal). Para el primer periodo poblacional se encontró un coeficiente de correlación significativo (0.93) con la temperatura, algo similar ocurrió para el cuarto periodo (-0.57); no fue posible detectar coeficientes significativos en otros periodos poblacionales para los factores climáticos en estudio.