RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Strong persuasive messaging by providers is a key predictor for patient acceptance of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccination. We aimed to determine optimal messaging to promote human papillomavirus adolescent vaccination across different geographical sites. METHODS: Adolescent providers (n = 151) from Argentina, Malaysia, South Africa, South Korea, and Spain were surveyed on messages, family decision makers, and sources of communication to best motivate parents to vaccinate their adolescent daughters overall, and against human papillomavirus. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the likelihood of recommending messages specifically targeted at cervical cancer with providers' characteristics: gender, medical specialization, and previous administration of human papillomavirus vaccination. RESULTS: Mothers were considered the most important human papillomavirus vaccination decision makers for their daughters (range 93%-100%). Television was cited as the best source of information on human papillomavirus vaccination in surveyed countries (range 56.5%-87.1%), except Spain where one-on-one discussions were most common (73.3%). Prevention messages were considered the most likely to motivate parents to vaccinate their daughters overall, and against human papillomavirus, in all five countries (range 30.8%-55.9%). Optimal messages emphasized cervical cancer prevention, and included strong provider recommendation to vaccinate, vaccine safety and efficacy, timely vaccination, and national policy for human papillomavirus vaccination. Pediatricians and obstetricians/gynecologists were more likely to cite that the best prevention messages should focus on cervical cancer (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.17 to 15.02 vs other medical specialists). CONCLUSIONS: Provider communication messages that would motivate parents to vaccinate against human papillomavirus were based on strong recommendation emphasizing prevention of cervical cancer. To frame convincing messages to increase vaccination uptake, adolescent providers should receive updated training on human papillomavirus and associated cancers, while clearly addressing human papillomavirus vaccination safety and efficacy.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/administração & dosagem , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/psicologia , Adolescente , Argentina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Malásia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Mães/psicologia , Papillomaviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Relações Profissional-Família , Prognóstico , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , África do Sul/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/psicologiaRESUMO
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess adolescent health care providers' recommendations for, and attitudes towards human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in 5 countries. DESIGN: In-depth interviews of adolescent health care providers, 2013-2014. SETTING: Five countries where HPV vaccination is at various stages of implementation into national programs: Argentina, Malaysia, South Africa, South Korea, and Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Adolescent health care providers (N = 151) who had administered or overseen provision of adolescent vaccinations (N = Argentina: 30, Malaysia: 30, South Africa: 31, South Korea: 30, Spain: 30). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of HPV vaccination recommendation, reasons providers do not always recommend the vaccine and facilitators to doing so, comfort level with recommending the vaccine, reasons for any discomfort, and positive and negative aspects of HPV vaccination. RESULTS: Over half of providers 82/151 (54%) recommend HPV vaccination always or most of the time (range: 20% in Malaysia to 90% in Argentina). Most providers 112/151 (74%) said they were comfortable recommending HPV vaccination, although South Korea was an outlier 10/30 (33%). Providers cited protection against cervical cancer 124/151 (83%) and genital warts 56/151 (37%) as benefits of HPV vaccination. When asked about the problems with HPV vaccination, providers mentioned high cost 75/151 (50% overall; range: 26% in South Africa to 77% in South Korea) and vaccination safety 28/151 (19%; range: 7% in South Africa to 33% in Spain). Free, low-cost, or publicly available vaccination 59/151 (39%), and additional data on vaccination safety 52/151 (34%) and efficacy 43/151 (28%) were the most commonly cited facilitators of health provider vaccination recommendation. CONCLUSION: Interventions to increase HPV vaccination should consider a country's specific provider concerns, such as reducing cost and providing information on vaccination safety and efficacy.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/uso terapêutico , Vacinação/psicologia , Adolescente , Argentina , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Malásia , Masculino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/psicologia , Regionalização da Saúde , República da Coreia , África do Sul , Espanha , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Objetivo. Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos que diversos tipos de profesionales de la salud tienen sobre la prevención del cáncer cervical. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal entre 520 profesionales de la salud del estado de Morelos durante 1998, para evaluar y cuantificar el nivel de conocimientos que poseen en relación con el impacto, la etiología, el tamizaje, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer cervicouterino. Se aplicó un cuestiona-rio con escala de 1 a 10, y la muestra incluyó a especialistas en medicina familiar, especialistas de áreas clínicas, enfermeras especialistas y generales, así como trabajadoras sociales. El análisis estadístico incluyó análisis de varianza y estimación de intervalos de confianza al 95 por ciento. Resultados. La media del nivel de conocimiento acerca de la prevención del cáncer cervicouterino fue de 4.74, con un intervalo de confianza (IC) al 95 por ciento de 4.57-4.88, en una escala máxima de 10. La mayor diferencia en el índice de conocimiento acerca de el diagnóstico, la prevención y el tratamiento del cáncer cervical se observó entre los médicos de especialidades clínicas (X=5.21, IC95 por ciento 4.81-5.60), en comparación con las trabajadoras sociales (X=3.07, IC95 por ciento 2.31-3.82). En la mayoría de los casos, la periodicidad con la que una mujer debe hacerse la prueba de Papanicolaou se postula menor a un año, y existe un pobre consenso en relación con el periodo de edad en que debe obtenerse dicha prueba. El nivel de conocimientos es menor conforme se tratan de identificar aspectos etiológicos y perspectivas de tratamiento. Conclusiones. La educación médica continua es necesaria para el desarrollo óptimo de un programa de detección oportuna de cáncer cervical. Los resultados del estudio en el estado de Morelos revelan que, además de mejorar los programas académicos de formación de pregrado, es necesario incrementar las intervenciones educativas entre los profesionales de la salud. Para ello, se contemplan diversas estrategias, entre las que destacan la actualización, el reciclaje, la capacitación, la educación en salud y la educación médica continua. De esta forma se podrá promover la competencia profesional para incrementar la calidad de la atención médica.