RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Because of high variability, tear film osmolarity measures have been questioned in dry eye assessment. Understanding the origin of such variability would aid data interpretation. This study aims to evaluate osmolarity variability in a clinical setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty dry eyes and 20 control patients were evaluated. Three consecutive osmolarity measurements per eye at 5min intervals were obtained. Variability was represented by the difference between both extreme readings per eye. Machine learning techniques were used to quantify discrimination capacity of tear osmolarity for dry eye. RESULTS: Mean osmolarities in the control and dry eye groups were 295.1±7.3mOsm/L and 300.6±11.2mOsm/L, respectively (P=.004). Osmolarity variabilities were 7.5±3.6mOsm/L and 16.7±11.9mOsm/L, for the control and dry eye groups, respectively (P<.001). Based on osmolarity, a logistic classifier showed an 85% classification accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: In the clinical setting, both mean osmolarity and osmolarity variability in the dry eye group were significantly higher than in the control group. Machine learning techniques showed good classification accuracy. It is concluded that higher variability of tear osmolarity is a dry eye feature.
Assuntos
Síndromes do Olho Seco/diagnóstico , Aprendizado de Máquina , Lágrimas/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Variação Biológica Individual , Síndromes do Olho Seco/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Concentração Osmolar , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A sensitive and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the assay of 6,11-dihydro-2-methoxy-5H-benzo[a]carbazole (1) and 6,11-dihydro-2-methoxy-11-[2-(1-piperidinyl)]ethyl-5H-benzo[a]carbazole (2) was developed. The procedure is based on the use of the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with UV detector. Each analysis required no longer than 11 min. A linear relationship between the concentration of both the drugs and the UV absorbance at 254 nm was obtained. This linearity was maintained over the concentration ranged from 5 to 80 microg/ml. The detection limits were found to be 1.6 and 0.7 ng for compounds 1 and 2. The quantitation limits were found to be 5.3 and 2.5 ng for compounds 1 and 2, respectively. For recovery studies, several determinations were carried out. Recovery values ranged from 98 to 102.1% for compound 1 and from 98.4 to 101.6% for compound 2. Method precision was also evaluated and RSD% found was less than 2%. This method was applied without any interference from degradation products.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/análise , Carbazóis/análise , Piperidinas/análise , Calibragem , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Soluções , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta/métodosRESUMO
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EvC, MIM 225500) is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by short limbs, short ribs, postaxial polydactyly and dysplastic nails and teeth. Congenital cardiac defects, most commonly a defect of primary atrial septation producing a common atrium, occur in 60% of affected individuals. The disease was mapped to chromosome 4p16 in nine Amish subpedigrees and single pedigrees from Mexico, Ecuador and Brazil. Weyers acrodental dysostosis (MIM 193530), an autosomal dominant disorder with a similar but milder phenotype, has been mapped in a single pedigree to an area including the EvC critical region. We have identified a new gene (EVC), encoding a 992-amino-acid protein, that is mutated in individuals with EvC. We identified a splice-donor change in an Amish pedigree and six truncating mutations and a single amino acid deletion in seven pedigrees. The heterozygous carriers of these mutations did not manifest features of EvC. We found two heterozygous missense mutations associated with a phenotype, one in a man with Weyers acrodental dysostosis and another in a father and his daughter, who both have the heart defect characteristic of EvC and polydactyly, but not short stature. We suggest that EvC and Weyers acrodental dysostosis are allelic conditions.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 4/genética , Disostoses/genética , Síndrome de Ellis-Van Creveld/genética , Etnicidade/genética , Genes , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Anormalidades Dentárias/genética , Processamento Alternativo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Brasil/epidemiologia , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Nanismo/genética , Síndrome de Ellis-Van Creveld/etnologia , Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Feminino , Dedos/anormalidades , Genes Dominantes , Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Incisivo/anormalidades , Zíper de Leucina/genética , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Repetições de Microssatélites , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Linhagem , Pennsylvania/epidemiologia , Fenótipo , Mutação Puntual , Polimorfismo Conformacional de Fita Simples , Proteínas , Recombinação Genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , SíndromeRESUMO
This is a descriptive and exploratory study developed according to a qualitative approach, aiming at discovering how male nurses are seen by the family and other professionals regarding their profession. Also, it has observed their technical vision about this problem. This research was done with male nurses from the Master Degree Course in Public Health Nursing at the Federal University of Paraíba. The population of this study was composed of six male nurses from which four agreed in taking part in this research. The data were collected through a questionnaire with open questions, based on the Leininger Transcultural Theory. The results showed that a great shock and cultural impositions among the male nurses, who have suffered a great variety of misconceptions and stigmatized assumptions from different social actors.