RESUMO

Aristotelia chilensis or "maqui" is a tree native to Chile used in the folk medicine of the Mapuche people as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of digestive ailments, fever, and skin lesions. Maqui fruits are black berries which are considered a "superfruit" with notable potential health benefits, promoted to be an antioxidant, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory. Maqui leaves contain non-iridoid monoterpene indole alkaloids which have previously been shown to act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, potassium channels, and calcium channels. Here, we isolated a new alkaloid from maqui leaves, now called makomakinol, together with the known alkaloids aristoteline, hobartine, and 3-formylindole. Moreover, the polyphenols quercetine, ethyl caffeate, and the terpenes, dihydro-ß-ionone and terpin hydrate, were also obtained. In light of the reported analgesic and anti-nociceptive properties of A. chilensis, in particular a crude mixture of alkaloids containing aristoteline and hobartinol (PMID 21585384), we therefore evaluated the activity of aristoteline and hobartine on NaV1.8, a key NaV isoform involved in nociception, using automated whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. Aristoteline and hobartine both inhibited Nav1.8 with an IC50 of 68 ± 3 µM and 54 ± 1 µM, respectively. Hobartine caused a hyperpolarizing shift of the voltage-dependence of the activation, whereas aristoteline did not change the voltage-dependence of the activation or inactivation. The inhibitory activity of these alkaloids on NaV channels may contribute to the reported analgesic properties of Aristotelia chilensis used by the Mapuche people.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by a progressive process of degeneration and neuronal death, where oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are key factors that contribute to the progression of these diseases. Therefore, two major pathways involved in these pathologies have been proposed as relevant therapeutic targets: The nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2), which responds to oxidative stress with cytoprotecting activity; and the nuclear factor NF-κB pathway, which is highly related to the neuroinflammatory process by promoting cytokine expression. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phenylpropanoid naturally found in propolis that shows important biological activities, including neuroprotective activity by modulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways, promoting antioxidant enzyme expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression. Its simple chemical structure has inspired the synthesis of many derivatives, with aliphatic and/or aromatic moieties, some of which have improved the biological properties. Moreover, new drug delivery systems increase the bioavailability of these compounds in vivo, allowing its transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier, thus protecting brain cells from the increased inflammatory status associated to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This review summarizes the biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of CAPE derivatives, their miscellaneous activities, and relevant studies (from 2010 to 2023), addressing their neuroprotective activity in vitro and in vivo.

RESUMO

Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide, with an incidence of 47.8%. Its treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and antibodies giving a mortality of 13.6%. Breast tumor development is driven by a variety of signaling pathways with high heterogeneity of surface receptors, which makes treatment difficult. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a natural polyphenol isolated as the main component in green tea; it has shown multiple beneficial effects in breast cancer, controlling proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, inflammation, and demethylation of DNA. These properties were proved in vitro and in vivo together with synergistic effects in combination with traditional chemotherapy, increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. This review focuses on the effects of EGCG on the functional capabilities acquired by breast tumor cells during its multistep development, the molecular and signal pathways involved, the synergistic effects in combination with current drugs, and how nanomaterials can improve its bioavailability on breast cancer treatment.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide, with an incidence of 47.8%. Its treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and antibodies giving a mortality of 13.6%. Breast tumor development is driven by a variety of signaling pathways with high heterogeneity of surface receptors, which makes treatment difficult. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a natural polyphenol isolated as the main component in green tea; it has shown multiple beneficial effects in breast cancer, controlling proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, inflammation, and demethylation of DNA. These properties were proved in vitro and in vivo together with synergistic effects in combination with traditional chemotherapy, increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. This review focuses on the effects of EGCG on the functional capabilities acquired by breast tumor cells during its multistep development, the molecular and signal pathways involved, the synergistic effects in combination with current drugs, and how nanomaterials can improve its bioavailability on breast cancer treatment.

RESUMO

Cannabis sativa is one of the first medicinal plants used by humans. Its medical use remains controversial because it is a psychotropic drug whose use has been banned. Recently, however, some countries have approved its use, including for recreational and medical purposes, and have allowed the scientific study of its compounds. Cannabis is characterized by the production of special types of natural products called phytocannabinoids that are synthesized exclusively by this genus. Phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids are chemically different, but both pharmacologically modulate CB1, CB2, GRP55, GRP119 and TRPV1 receptor activities, involving activities such as memory, sleep, mood, appetite and motor regulation, pain sensation, neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and apoptosis. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are phytocannabinoids with greater pharmacological potential, including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activities. Cannabidiol is showing promising results for the treatment of COVID-19, due to its capability of acting on the unleashed cytokine storm, on the proteins necessary for both virus entry and replication and on the neurological consequences of patients who have been infected by the virus. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge regarding the advantages of using cannabinoids in the treatment of COVID-19.

RESUMO

Spirometra (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) affects humans and some species of domestic and wild animals which eventually interact with humans. In this article, we report three new cases of Spirometra decipiens (Diesing, 1850) infection observed in two intermediate hosts and one definitive host, in Cuba. Genetic and morphological identification of S. decipiens in two snakes and a domestic dog were carried out by molecular means and routine histological study using hematoxylin-eosin staining, respectively. Taken together, the anatomical location, the host species infected with the specimens and their morphological and genetic features, all the samples were identified as S. decipiens. In each of the three cases, PCR assays using specific primers amplified bands that corresponded to S. decipiens species. To our knowledge, this paper is the first report of S. decipiens in species of Cuban endemic fauna and in the Caribbean islands. These species constitute a real or potential risk of transmission of Spirometra to humans in Cuba.

RESUMO

RESUMEN Fundamento: La diabetes mellitus y la enfermedad periodontal tienen una relación bidireccional, siendo la prevención la herramienta indispensable para lograr el mejoramiento del nivel de salud bucal. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la enfermedad periodontal en pacientes diabéticos. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal de septiembre de 2019 a abril de 2020 en la población diabética de 19 a 40 años del Consultorio Médico de Familia n.o 11 del área de salud de Zaza del Medio perteneciente al municipio Taguasco, provincia Sancti Spíritus. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, nivel de conocimiento, actitudes y prácticas sobre salud bucal. Resultados: En el 67.9 % de los pacientes se observó bajo nivel de conocimientos sobre la enfermedad periodontal, actitud desfavorable el 78.6 % y prácticas deficientes el 57.1 %. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes diabéticos presentó bajo nivel de conocimientos, actitud desfavorable y prácticas deficientes para lograr la salud periodontal.

ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease have a bidirectional relationship, being prevention the essential tool to achieve an improvement in the level of oral health. Objective: To identify the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of periodontal disease in diabetic patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted from September 2019 to April 2020 in the diabetic population aged 19 to 40 years at the doctor´s office 11 in Zaza del Medio health area of Taguasco municipality in Sancti Spíritus province. The variables age, sex, level of knowledge, attitudes and practices on oral health were studied. Results: 67.9 % of the patients had a low level of knowledge about periodontal disease, 78.6 % had an unfavorable attitude and 57.1 % had deficient practices. Conclusions: The majority of diabetic patients presented low level of knowledge, non-favorable attitude and poor practices to accomplish periodontal health.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of cognitive function, memory, and inability to perform daily, social, or occupational activities. Its etiology is associated with the accumulation of ß-amyloid peptides, phosphorylated tau protein, and neuroinflammatory and oxidative processes in the brain. Currently, there is no successful pharmacological treatment for AD. The few approved drugs are mainly aimed at treating the symptoms; however, due to the increasing discovery of etiopathological factors, there are great efforts to find new multifunctional molecules to slow down the course of this neurodegenerative disease. The commercial Ginkgo biloba formulation EGb 761® and Huperzine A, an alkaloid present in the plant Huperzia serrata, have shown in clinical trials to possess cholinergic and neuroprotective activities, including improvement in cognition, activities of daily living, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD patients. The purpose of this review is to expose the positive results of intervention with EGb 761® and Huperzine in patients with mild to moderate AD in the last 10 years, highlighting the pharmacological functions that justify their use in AD therapy.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide and mostly affects men. Around 20% of its incidence is by familiar disposition due to hereditary syndromes. The CRC treatment involves surgery and chemotherapy; however, the side effects of treatments and the fast emergence of drug resistance evidence the necessity to find more effective drugs. Curcumin is the main polyphenol pigment present in Curcuma longa, a plant widely used as healthy food with antioxidant properties. Curcumin has synergistic effects with antineoplastics such as 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin, as well anti-inflammatory drugs by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 and the Nuclear factor kappa B. Furthermore, curcumin shows anticancer properties by inhibition of the Wnt/ß-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways implicated in the progression of CRC. However, the consumption of pure curcumin is less suitable, as the absorption is poor, and the metabolism and excretion are high. Pharmacological formulations and essential oils of the plant improve the curcumin absorption, resulting in therapeutical dosages. Despite the evidence obtained in vitro and in vivo, clinical studies have not yet confirmed the therapeutic potential of curcumin against CRC. Here we reviewed the last scientific information that supports the consumption of curcumin as an adjuvant for CRC therapy.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: La pesquisa activa de casos de tuberculosis en la Atención Primaria de Salud como parte del programa de control de la enfermedad en Cuba, tiene retos de implementación que requieren ser estudiados. Objetivo: Explorar las opiniones de los actores de salud involucrados en la implementación de la pesquisa activa de casos de tuberculosis en Las Tunas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, en dos etapas, anidado en un estudio de intervención en Las Tunas. En la primera etapa (septiembre-diciembre, 2010) se entrevistaron médicos y enfermeras de la familia de los municipios Jobabo y Las Tunas; y en la segunda etapa (marzo, 2012), todos los jefes de programa (provincial y municipales) y un experto en tuberculosis. Se utilizaron categorías de análisis deductivas e inductivas. Resultados: La pesquisa activa de casos de tuberculosis se reconoció como un procedimiento novedoso asociado a la búsqueda de sintomáticos respiratorios en el hogar, la dispensarización y el trabajo con grupos vulnerables. Al inicio hubo barreras para la implementación del procedimiento, posteriormente fue aceptado. Las ventajas fueron: diagnóstico oportuno e incremento del número de casos pesquisados, entre otras. La falta de tiempo, el incremento en la carga de trabajo y la fluctuación del personal fueron las principales dificultades. Conclusiones: El estudio proporciona información valiosa para la implementación del procedimiento como parte del programa de control de la tuberculosis. Devela la brecha entre la percepción de los actores involucrados en la implementación de intervenciones en salud en estudios pilotos y la que tienen los implicados en su puesta en práctica(AU)

Introduction: The active case finding of tuberculosis in Primary Health Care as part of the disease control program in Cuba, has challenges at implementation that need to be studied. Objective: To explore the opinions of the health stakeholders involved in the implementation of active case finding of tuberculosis in Las Tunas. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in two stages, nested in an intervention study in Las Tunas. In the first stage (September-December, 2010) family doctors and nurses in Jobabo and Las Tunas municipalities were interviewed; and in the second stage (March 2012), all program managers (provincial and municipal) and an expert on tuberculosis were interviewed. Deductive and inductive analysis categories were used. Results: The active case finding of tuberculosis was recognized as a novel procedure associated with the screening for respiratory symptoms among all family members during home visits, classification of the entire population into risk groups and working with vulnerable groups. At the beginning there were barriers to the implementation of this procedure, which was subsequently accepted. Timely diagnosis and increase in the number of cases investigated were the advantages, among others. The lack of time, the increase in workload and the staff turnover were the main difficulties. Conclusions: This study provides valuable information for implementing this procedure as part of tuberculosis control program. It reveals the gap between the perception of the stakeholders involved in the implementation of health interventions in pilot studies and from those engaged in their implementation(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Anoxic mineralization of BTEX represents a promising alternative for their abatement from O2-deprived emissions. However, the kinetics of anoxic BTEX biodegradation and the interactions underlying the treatment of BTEX mixtures are still unknown. An activated sludge inoculum was used for the anoxic abatement of single, dual and quaternary BTEX mixtures, being acclimated prior performing the biodegradation kinetic tests. The Monod model and a Modified Gompertz model were then used for the estimation of the biodegradation kinetic parameters. Results showed that both toluene and ethylbenzene are readily biodegradable under anoxic conditions, whereas the accumulation of toxic metabolites resulted in partial xylene and benzene degradation when present both as single components or in mixtures. Moreover, the supplementation of an additional pollutant always resulted in an inhibitory competition, with xylene inducing the highest degree of inhibition. The Modified Gompertz model provided an accurate fitting for the experimental data for single and dual substrate experiments, satisfactorily representing the antagonistic pollutant interactions. Finally, microbial analysis suggested that the degradation of the most biodegradable compounds required a lower microbial specialization and diversity, while the presence of the recalcitrant compounds resulted in the selection of a specific group of microorganisms.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: las ametropías constituyen un motivo de consulta frecuente en Oftalmología. Objetivo: caracterizar las ametropías presentes en los pacientes atendidos en la Consulta de Cirugía Refractiva del Centro Oftalmológico de Holguín. Métodos: se realizó estudio descriptivo transversal con una muestra no probabilística de 112 pacientes con criterio quirúrgico, evaluados en el período de enero-diciembre de 2013. Las variables fueron: ametropía, corrección esférica, corrección cilíndrica, lateralidad, queratometría, longitud axial, agudeza visual no corregida y mejor agudeza visual corregida. Resultados: se encontró astigmatismo en el 98,22 % de los pacientes, de ellos el 93,63 % con astigmatismo miópico compuesto. La esfera y el cilindro modular medios fueron de 5,57 y 1,75 dioptrías respectivamente. El astigmatismo fue bilateral en el 90,18 % de los casos y a favor de la regla en el 69,09 %. La queratometría media fue de 43,73 dioptrías y la longitud axial media de 25,46 mm. La agudeza visual sin corrección promedio fue 0,05 mientras que la mejor agudeza visual corregida promedio fue 0,98. Conclusiones: La ametropía predominante fue el astigmatismo miópico compuesto, bilateral, de grado moderado y a favor de la regla. Predominaron los defectos con doble componente: axial y de curvatura. Existió correspondencia entre los métodos objetivos y la refracción subjetiva en la mayoría de los casos. La presencia de anisometropías y de ambliopías refractivas fue baja. Se encontró un gran número de pacientes con hipercorrección esférica a expensas del cilindro y por tanto se identificaron defectos astigmáticos no corregidos hasta ese momento.

Introduction: ametropia is a frequent cause of consultation in Ophthalmology Service. Purpose: to characterize ametropia present in patients attended in refractive surgery consultation at the Ophthalmological Center of Holguín. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 112 patients that fulfilled surgical criteria from the ones assessed from January to December 2013. The analyzed variables were: ametropia, spherical correction, cylindrical correction, laterality, keratometry, axial length, non-corrected visual acuity and best visual corrected acuity. Results: astigmatism was found in 98.22 % of patients, and its compound-myopic type in 93.63 % among them, with an average sphere of 5.57 diopters and an average modular cylinder of 1.75 diopters. The astigmatism was bilateral in 90.18 % of patients and with-the-rule in 69.09 % of them. The mean keratometry found was 43.73 diopters and the mean axial length was 25.46 mm. The average uncorrected visual acuity was 0.05 whereas the average best corrected visual acuity was 0.98. Conclusions: moderate-grade miopic astigmatism predominated as refractive defects and it was most frequently bilateral. With-the-rule astigmatisms and combined ametropia (refractive and axial) were predominant. There was correspondence between subjective and objective refraction in most of the patients. The presence of anisometropia and refractive amblyopia were low. A large amount of patients with spherical overcorrection at cost of cylinder were found and therefore uncorrected astigmatisms were identified.

RESUMO

La paracoccidioidomicosis pocas veces afecta niños y no es de denuncia obligatoria. Su verdadero impacto en la población infantil es desconocido. El objetivo fue determinar en número de casos de paracoccidioidomicosis infantil diagnosticados en centros de salud de la Gran Caracas, en niños con edades entre 0-15 años. Se evaluaron historias de niños con paracoccidioidomicosis, provenientes de hospitales de la Gran Caracas. Se revisaron 420 historias con diagnóstico de paracoccidioidomicosis, de las cuales 33 (7,9%) fueron niños menores de 15 años, siendo la media de edad 7,97 años. El género masculino predominó (69,7%), la razón masculino-femenino fue 1,5:1 en niños con edades de 0-7 años y 5,5:1 entre 8-15 años. La mayoría procedían del estado Miranda, 11 (35,5%) seguido del Distrito Capital 9 (29,1%). En 26 casos se clasificó la enfermedad, encontrando que 24 (92,3%) desarrollaron la forma aguda. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas precisadas en 25 historias fueron: fiebre 18 (72%) adenomegalias 16 (64%), hepatomegalia 12 (48,0%) y esplenomegalia 11 (44%). De 24 casos que tenían datos de laboratorio se observó que la eosinofilia y la anemia fueron los principales hallazgos. El diagnóstico micológico se realizó por serología en 24 (72,7%) casos, biopsia 11 (45,8%), examen directo 3 (12,5%) y cultivo 1 (4,2%). La paracoccidioidomicosis infantil es una entidad infrecuente, la cual se observa en 7,9% de los casos. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes son fiebre, adenomegalias y hepatoesplenomegalia. El diagnóstico de la paracoccidioidomicosis aguda infantil, siempre debe ser considerado en niños con edades de 0-15 años, en Venezuela.

Paracoccidioidomycosis rarely affects children, and it is not a notifiable disease. Its real impact in the child population is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the number of paracoccidioidomycosis cases diagnosed in various health centers in Great Caracas, in children between 0-15 years. We reviewed 420 records with diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis from Hospital of Caracas. 33 (7,9%) were from children less than 15 years old. Age average 7,97 years. Male gender accounted for 69.7%, with a male: female relation of 1.5:1 in children between 0-7 years and 5,5:1 between 8-15 years. Most of the patients 11 (35,5%) came from Miranda state, followed bu Distrito Capital 9 (29,1%). In 26 patients the disease could be classified, from which 24 (92,3%) developed the acute form. Clinical manifestations, recorded in 25 cases were: fever 18 (72%), enlarged lymph nodes 16 (64%), hepatomegaly 12 (48,0%) and splenomegaly 11 (44%). From 24 cases in which laboratory data was recorded, eosinophilia and anemia were the most relevent findings. Mycological diagnosis was performed by serology in 24 (72,7%) cases, biopsy 11 (45,8%), direct examination 3 (12,5%) and culture 1 (4,2%). Child paracoccidioidomycosis is a rare disease, observed in 7, )% of cases. Most relevant clinical manifestations are fever, enlarged lymph nodes and hepatosplenomegaly. Acute paracoccidioidomycosis must be considered as a possible diagnosis in children between 0-15 years, in endemic countries such as Venezuela.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Proponer un sistema de núcleos conceptuales para ser abordados en el proceso docente-educativo de la asignatura Agentes Biológicos de la carrera de Medicina. Se realizó una investigación pedagógica en la Facultad Doctor Zoilo E Marinello Vidaurreta de Las Tunas durante los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 2005. Para determinar los elementos constituyentes del sistema se empleó la modelación. Con un enfoque sistémico se definieron los conceptos, se identificaron como invariantes a patogenia, diagnóstico directo y prevención, se determinaron y explicaron las interrelaciones entre estos y los demás conceptos del sistema.El análisis sistémico de los conceptos patogenia, diagnóstico directo y prevención como invariantes del sistema de conocimientos, permite el cumplimiento de los objetivos formativos de la asignatura Agentes Biológicos de la carrera de Medicina.

To propose a conceptual nuclei system to be approached in the teaching-educative process of the Biological Agents subject in the medical career. A pedagogical research was conducted in Doctor Zoilo E Marinello Vidaurreta Faculty in Las Tunas province during november-december, 2005. Modeling was used to determine the constituents of the system. The concepts were defined by a systemic approach. They were identified as invariants to pathogeny, direct diagnosis and prevention. The interrelationships among them and other concepts of the system were determined and explained.The systemic analysis of the concepts pathogeny, direct diagnosis and prevention as invariants of the knowledge system, allows the fulfillment of the formative goals of the Biological Agents subject in the medical career.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: DiGeorge syndrome is characterized by developmental defects of the heart, parathyroid glands and thymus. AIM: To describe the clinical variability of DiGeorge syndrome and its relation with immunodeficiency. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A three years retrospective chart review from three hospitals of Santiago, Chile was conducted. We included patients with neonatal diagnosis of DiGeorge syndrome. Clinical and immunologic data were collected from their initial evaluation. RESULTS: We found 9 patients with DiGeorge syndrome. All had dysmorphic facies, hypocalcemia and congenital heart disease. Three patients had hypoparathyroidism, 4 had interrupted aortic arch type B, 4 had tetralogy of Fallot and 1 had coarctation of aorta. Six patients had other malformations and associated diseases. FISH studies, performed in 8 patients, found the 22q11.2 microdeletion in all. Most patients had low CD3, CD4 and CD8 T cell counts, that ranged for CD3 T cells, between 256/mm3 and 3,664/mm3, for CD4 T cells, between 224/mm3 and 2,649/mm3, for CD8 T cells, between 26/mm3 and 942/mm3. Three patients had CD4 T cells counts <400/mm3 and one had a phytohemagglutinin stimulation index <10. Airway malformations and primary hypoparathyroidism were present in 3 out of 4 patients that died before 18 months compared with the surviving patents (p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS: We found variable clinical manifestations as well as CD3, CD4 and CD8 T cell counts in patients with DiGeorge syndrome. Airway malformations were associated with a higher mortality.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal en el Servicio de Cerebrovascular del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Provincial Dr. Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo de Santiago de Cuba durante 1996, cuyo universo estuvo constituido por 522 enfermos, de los cuales se tomó una muestra al azar de 200 casos, con el propósito de exponer la importancia de las acciones de enfermería en pacientes con enfermedades cerebrovasculares, entre otras variables de interés. Con esta finalidad se revisaron las historias clínicas de las que se obtuvo la información necesaria, que fue procesada de forma manual. Los pacientes más afectados se hallaban comprendidos entre los 56 y 65 años, con predominio del sexo femenino. Según la clasificación diagnóstica del accidentes vascular encefálico, la mayor frecuencia correspondió a los isquémicos, en los que también se registró la mortalidad más baja. La labor de la enfermera en estrecha coordinación con el equipo de salud resultó fundamental en los diferentes tipos de rehabilitación que se aplica a estos enfermos(AU)

A retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed in the Cerebrovascular Service Department of Dr Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo provincial clinical, surgical and teaching hospital in 1996 in Santiago de Cuba province. The universe of study was made up of 522 patients,200 of which were included in the random sample. The objective of the study was to show the importance of nursing actions in taking care of patients with cerebrovascular diseases, among other variables of interest. To this end, medical histories were checked to obtain necessary data, which was manually processed. The most affected patients were 56-65 years-old, females prevailed. According to the diagnostic classification of encephalic vascular accidents, the higher frequency lies in ischemic events with the lowest mortality rates. The work of the nurse in close cooperation with the health care team was fundamental at the different rehabilitation types targeted to these patients(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Con el objetivo de optimizar el diagnóstico y control del parasitismo intestinal en la atención primaria de salud, se presenta una metodología técnico-organizativa en la que se tiene en cuenta la actual estructura del viceministerio de Higiene y Epidemiología. Se propone un enfoque integrado de las funciones de médicos generales integrales, laboratorio de parasitología y vicedirectores de Higiene y Epidemiología y se identifican los usos de la información

Assuntos

RESUMO

Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de las parasitosis intestinales en nuestro país, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con el objetivo de evaluar la calidad de ejecución del Programa Nacional de Parasitismo Intestinal en la atención primaria de salud en el municipio Las Tunas, desde enero a abril de 1997. Se evaluaron los conocimientos de médicos generales integrales (MGI) y de vicedirectores de higiene y epidemiología, las características de los laboratorios de Parasitología y la competencia del personal técnico. Se aplicaron encuestas validadas, controles de calidad externos y entrevistas individuales a profundidad. Se detectó desconocimiento de los especialistas en Medicina General Integral (MGI) en el manejo de los pacientes parasitados, deficiencias en la ejecución de las marchas técnicas en los laboratorios, dificultades en la identificación de especies parasitarias por el personal técnico y desconocimiento del programa por parte de los vicedirectores, todo lo cual infiere en la correcta ejecución del programa. Se recomiendó realizar una estrategia de intervención para modificar la situación a corto plazo

Assuntos

RESUMO

La toxocariasis es una parasitosis que afecta a los niños pequeños, en particular aquellos que juegan con la tierra. Con el objetivo de identificar la contaminación del suelo de parques y zonas públicas de Ciudad de La Habana por huevos de Toxocara sp., se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de febrero a abril de 1995. De cada localidad se examinaron 50 g de suelo mediante un procedimiento de flotaciónsedimentación simple en copa cónica empleando solución de nitrato de sodio (d = 1,32) con previo lavado usando detergente Tween 80. Se encontró que el 68,3 porciento de las localidades estuvieron contaminadas con huevos de Toxocara los que en su mayoría estuvieron en su fase embrionaria, predominando las contaminaciones ligeras. Se recomendaron algunas medidas para reducir la contaminación del suelo y la infección del hombre

Assuntos

RESUMO

Se valoró la capacidad técnica de Médicos Generales Integrales, técnicos del laboratorio de parasitología y epidemiólogos de las áreas de salud del municipio Centro Habana, de enero a abril de 1996, con el objetivo de evaluar la calidad de la atención primaria de salud para la prevención y control del parasitismo intestinal. Se aplicaron eneustas, controles de calidad externos, y entrevistas individuales a profundidad. Se encontró que no existe integración en las acciones de los grupos evaluados, detectándose dificultades médicas para la prevención y control de las parasitosis intestinales, deficiencias técnicas en los laboratorios y desconocimientos del programa de parasitismo intestinal por los epidemiólogos. Se recomienda la capacitación de técnicos y profesionales, y la confección de una metodología que permita reorientar y optimizar el programa nacional de parasitismo intestinal

Assuntos