RESUMO
Metabolic alterations are a common problem in people living with HIV (PLHIV), as a result of a stage of chronic inflammation that affects the homeostasis of the organism. Prolonged exposure to antiretroviral therapy has been associated with developing lipodystrophies that modify lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are mediators of the immune response. The study aimed to associate TNF-α and IL-6 levels with their polymorphisms and metabolic alterations in PLIHV. We hypothesized that TNF-α and IL-6 levels and their polymorphisms are associated with metabolic alterations. In total, 185 PLHIV and 51 HIV-negative people were included. Biochemical parameters were determined by colorimetric assay, cytokine levels by immunoassay, and allelic discrimination by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A correlation was found between TNF-α levels and the variables cholesterol (r = -0.171, P = 0.020) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r = -0.245, P = 0.001). There are associations between HDL levels (P = 0.011) and GG genotype of rs1800629. The results suggest a metabolic alteration related to the constant immune response, especially the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. It was observed that genetic factors may influence metabolism alteration, mainly in lipids.
Assuntos
Citocinas , Interleucina-6 , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Infecções por HIV/genética , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Genótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/genética , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/metabolismoRESUMO
A porphyrin-BODIPY dyad (P-BDP) was obtained through covalent bonding, featuring a two-segment design comprising a light-harvesting antenna system connected to an energy acceptor unit. The absorption spectrum of P-BDP resulted from an overlap of the individual spectra of its constituent parts, with the fluorescence emission of the BODIPY unit experiencing significant quenching (96 %) due to the presence of the porphyrin unit. Spectroscopic, computational, and redox investigations revealed a competition between photoinduced energy and electron transfer processes. The dyad demonstrated the capability to sensitize both singlet molecular oxygen and superoxide radical anions. Additionally, P-BDP effectively induced the photooxidation of L-tryptophan. In suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus cells, the dyad led to a reduction of over 3.5â log (99.99 %) in cell survival following 30â min of irradiation with green light. Photodynamic inactivation caused by P-BDP was also extended to the individual bacterium level, focusing on bacterial cells adhered to a surface. This dyad successfully achieved the total elimination of the bacteria upon 20â min of irradiation. Therefore, P-BDP presents an interesting photosensitizing structure that takes advantage of the light-harvesting antenna properties of the BODIPY unit combined with porphyrin, offering potential to enhance photoinactivation of bacteria.
Assuntos
Compostos de Boro , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes , Porfirinas , Staphylococcus aureus , Compostos de Boro/química , Compostos de Boro/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Porfirinas/química , Porfirinas/farmacologia , Oxigênio Singlete/metabolismo , Oxigênio Singlete/química , Luz , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2). COVID-19 can cause a cytokine release syndrome in which cytokines, including interleukin 17 (IL-17), are massively secreted in response to a specific stimulus. This can contribute to mortality and severe forms of COVID-19. The study aimed to determine the association of SARS-CoV2 infection with the IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 variants, as well as with the associated comorbidities in COVID-19-positive Mexican patients. The study included 178 patients positive to COVID-19 and 177 COVID-19 negative subjects. For genotyping, the samples were amplified with a TaqMan® probe. There was no association between the AA genotype and A allele of IL-17A variant or the IL-17F C allele with the presence of COVID-19. In regard to comorbidities, a statistically significant association was found between IL-17A rs2275913 AA genotype and hypertension, as well as with the presence of obesity (P = 0.003, OR 23, 95% CI: 2.97-178.092 and P = 0.025, OR 28, 95% CI: 1.52-178.029, respectively) in patients with COVID-19. In conclusion, rs2275913 IL-17A polymorphism in COVID-19 patients seems to confer a higher susceptibility to the presence of hypertension and obesity, increasing the risk of premature cardiovascular disease in this population. However, more studies should be conducted for a better understanding of their relation.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Hipertensão , Interleucina-17 , Obesidade , Humanos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/genética , Interleucina-17/genética , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives containing sulfonamide (Sulfonamide-DPP), pyridyl (Dipyridyl-DPP) and N-methylpyridyl (MePyridyl-DPP) substituents were assessed as antibacterial photosensitizers. Non-charged DPPs showed an intense absorption band centered at about 480 nm and green fluorescence emission (ΦF ~ 0.7) in acetonitrile. The absorption of MePyridyl-DPP was bathochromically shifted at 510 nm, with decreased fluorescence emission. Sulfonamide-DPP and Dipyridyl-DPP photosensitized the formation of O2 (1 Δg ) (ΦΔ ~ 0.15-0.17), while the production induced by MePyridyl-DPP was at least 10 times lower. Furthermore, these DPPs produced a photoreduction of NBT similar to that of the control. Photodynamic inactivation induced by DPPs was first investigated at the single-bacterium level of Staphylococcus aureus attached to a surface. After 30 min irradiation, MePyridyl-DPP produced a complete eradication of the bacteria. In bacterial cell suspensions, dicationic DPP induced more than 7 log10 decrease in S. aureus cell survival after 30 min irradiation. Potentiation with iodide anions allowed a complete elimination of bacteria after 15 min therapy. This compound was also effective to eliminate S. aureus cells on biofilms. The results show that MePyridyl-DPP bearing two positive groups provides an amphiphilic character to the structure that improves the interaction with the cell envelop. This effect enhances the photocytotoxic activity of MePyridyl-DPP against bacteria.
Assuntos
Fotoquimioterapia , Porfirinas , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/química , Staphylococcus aureus , Pirróis/farmacologia , Porfirinas/farmacologia , Porfirinas/química , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Antibacterianos/farmacologiaRESUMO
New porphyrin-Schiff base conjugates bearing one (6) and two (7) basic amino groups were synthesized by condensation between tetrapyrrolic macrocycle-containing amine functions and 4-(3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)benzaldehyde. This approach allowed us to easily obtain porphyrins substituted by positive charge precursor groups in aqueous media. These compounds showed the typical Soret and four Q absorption bands with red fluorescence emission (ΦF ~ 0.12) in N,N-dimethylformamide. Porphyrins 6 and 7 photosensitized the generation of O2(1Δg) (ΦΔ ~ 0.44) and the photo-oxidation of L-tryptophan. The decomposition of this amino acid was mainly mediated by a type II photoprocess. Moreover, the addition of KI strongly quenched the photodynamic action through a reaction with O2(1Δg) to produce iodine. The photodynamic inactivation capacity induced by porphyrins 6 and 7 was evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Furthermore, the photoinactivation of these microorganisms was improved using potentiation with iodide anions. These porphyrins containing basic aliphatic amino groups can be protonated in biological systems, which provides an amphiphilic character to the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle. This effect allows one to increase the interaction with the cell wall, thus improving photocytotoxic activity against microorganisms.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos Básicos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Porfirinas/química , Bases de Schiff/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Antifúngicos/química , Bases de Schiff/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The distribution of the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) extends from Mexico to southeastern Canada and to the eastern and southern regions of the USA. Six subspecies have been described based on morphological characteristics and/or geographical variations in wild and domesticated populations. In this paper, based on DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial D-loop, we investigated the genetic diversity and structure, genealogical relationships, divergence time and demographic history of M. gallopavo populations including domesticated individuals. RESULTS: Analyses of 612 wild and domesticated turkey mitochondrial D-loop sequences, including 187 that were collected for this study and 425 from databases, revealed 64 haplotypes with few mutations, some of which are shared between domesticated and wild turkeys. We found a high level of haplotype and nucleotide diversity, which suggests that the total population of this species is large and stable with an old evolutionary history. The results of genetic differentiation, haplotype network, and genealogical relationships analyses revealed three main genetic groups within the species: mexicana as a population relict (C1), merriami (C2), and mexicana/intermedia/silvestris/osceola (C3). Haplotypes detected in domesticated turkeys belong to group C3. Estimates of divergence times agree with range expansion and diversification events of the relict population of M. gallopavo in northwestern Mexico during the Pliocene-Pleistocene and Pleistocene-Holocene boundaries. Demographic reconstruction showed that an expansion of the population occurred 110,000 to 130,000 years ago (Kya), followed by a stable period 100 Kya and finally a decline ~ 10 Kya (Pleistocene-Holocene boundary). In Mexico, the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt may be responsible for the range expansion of the C3 group. Two haplotypes with different divergence times, MGMDgoB/MICH1 and MICH2, are dominant in domesticated and commercial turkeys. CONCLUSIONS: During the Pleistocene, a large and stable population of M. gallopavo covered a wide geographic distribution from the north to the center of America (USA and Mexico). The mexicana, merriami, and mexicana/intermedia/silvestris/osceola genetic groups originated after divergence and range expansion from northwestern Mexico during the Pliocene-Pleistocene and Pleistocene-Holocene boundaries. Old and new maternal lines of the mexicana/intermedia/silvestris/osceola genetic group were distributed within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt where individuals were captured for domestication. Two haplotypes are the main founder maternal lines of domesticated turkeys.
Assuntos
Animais Domésticos/genética , Mitocôndrias/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária , Perus/genética , Animais , Animais Selvagens/genética , Canadá , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Evolução Molecular , Variação Genética , Guatemala , Haplótipos , México , Filogenia , Perus/classificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work is to present a new primate locality with evidence that increases the knowledge on the radiation of the extinct platyrrhine primates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the new specimen and compared it to specimens identified as Mazzonicebus almendrae. RESULTS: The new first and second molars were comparable to Mazzonicebus almendrae in all morphological details, allowing us to allocate the new specimen to M. almendrae and add comments on morphological variation in this species regarding the orientation of the labial cristae and development of the anterolingual cingulum. This new maxilla also present the first known M3 for the species. DISCUSSION: The new specimen increases our knowledge of the extinct platyrrhines from Patagonia. Their age and geographical distribution ranges from early to middle Miocene in an area between 40° to 47° of southern latitude.
Assuntos
Fósseis , Platirrinos/anatomia & histologia , Platirrinos/fisiologia , Animais , Antropologia Física , Argentina , Evolução Biológica , Dente Molar/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to test the clinical utility of an early amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) to predict short-term neurological outcome in term newborns at risk of neurology injury. METHODS: this was a prospective, descriptive study. The inclusion criteria were neonatal encephalopathy, neurologic disturbances, and severe respiratory distress syndrome. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratio (LR) were calculated. Clinical and demographic data were analyzed. Neurological outcome was defined as the sum of clinical, electroimaging, and neuroimaging findings. RESULTS: ten of the 21 monitored infants (48%) presented altered short-term neurologic outcome. The aEEG had 90% sensitivity, 82% specificity, 82% positive predictive value, and 90% negative predictive value. The positive LR was 4.95, and the negative LR was 0.12. In three of 12 (25%) encephalopathic infants, the aEEG allowed for a better definition of the severity of their condition. Seizures were detected in eight infants (38%), all subclinical at baseline, and none had a normal aEEG background pattern. The status of three infants (43%) evolved and required two or more drugs for treatment. CONCLUSIONS: in infants with encephalopathy or other severe illness, aEEG disturbances occur frequently. aEEG provided a better classification of the severity of encephalopathy, detected early subclinical seizures, and allowed for monitoring of the response to treatment. aEEG was a useful tool at the neonatal intensive care unit for predicting poor short-term neurological outcomes for all sick newborn. .
OBJETIVO: testar a utilidade clínica do aEEG precoce em recém-nascidos a termo com risco delesão neurológica, para prever resultados neurológicos de curto prazo. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo e descritivo. Os critérios de inclusão foram encefalopatia neonatal, distúrbios neurológicos e bebês com SARA grave. Sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo e razão de verossimilhança foram calculados. Dados clínicos edemográficos foram analisados. O resultado neurológico foi definido como a soma de conclusões clínicas, de eletro e de neuroimagem. RESULTADOS: dentre os 21 neonatos monitorados, dez (48%) apresentaram resultado neurológico de curto prazo alterado. O aEEG apresentou sensibilidade de 90%, especificidade de 82%, valor preditivo positivo de 82% e valor preditivo negativo de 90%. A VR positiva foi de 4,95, e a RV negativa de 0,12. Em três dos 12 (25%) neonatos com encefalopatia foi possível definir melhora gravidade de sua condição pelo aEEG. Foram detectadas convulsões em oito neonatos (38%), todas subclínicas no início do estudo, e nenhum apresentou um padrão histórico normal no aEEG. O estado de três neonatos (43%) evoluiu e exigiu dois ou mais medicamentos para tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: em neonatos com encefalopatia ou outra doença grave, os distúrbios no aEEGocorrem com mais frequência. O aEEG forneceu uma classificação melhor da gravidade da encefalopatia, detectou convulsões subclínicas precoces e permitiu que fosse feito o monitoramento da resposta ao tratamento. O aEEG é uma ferramenta útil para prever resultados neurológicos de curto prazo em todos os bebês doentes na UTIN. .
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/fisiopatologia , Intervalos de Confiança , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/diagnóstico , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Convulsões/diagnóstico , Nascimento a Termo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to test the clinical utility of an early amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) to predict short-term neurological outcome in term newborns at risk of neurology injury. METHODS: this was a prospective, descriptive study. The inclusion criteria were neonatal encephalopathy, neurologic disturbances, and severe respiratory distress syndrome. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratio (LR) were calculated. Clinical and demographic data were analyzed. Neurological outcome was defined as the sum of clinical, electroimaging, and neuroimaging findings. RESULTS: ten of the 21 monitored infants (48%) presented altered short-term neurologic outcome. The aEEG had 90% sensitivity, 82% specificity, 82% positive predictive value, and 90% negative predictive value. The positive LR was 4.95, and the negative LR was 0.12. In three of 12 (25%) encephalopathic infants, the aEEG allowed for a better definition of the severity of their condition. Seizures were detected in eight infants (38%), all subclinical at baseline, and none had a normal aEEG background pattern. The status of three infants (43%) evolved and required two or more drugs for treatment. CONCLUSIONS: in infants with encephalopathy or other severe illness, aEEG disturbances occur frequently. aEEG provided a better classification of the severity of encephalopathy, detected early subclinical seizures, and allowed for monitoring of the response to treatment. aEEG was a useful tool at the neonatal intensive care unit for predicting poor short-term neurological outcomes for all sick newborn.
Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/fisiopatologia , Intervalos de Confiança , Feminino , Humanos , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/diagnóstico , Fatores de Risco , Convulsões/diagnóstico , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Nascimento a Termo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine gastric function, as well as the presence of somatic complaints, anxiety symptoms, and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) before and after nutritional rehabilitation. STUDY DESIGN: Sixteen females with AN and 22 healthy controls with similar demographic profiles were included. Gastric emptying (measured as residual gastric volume) and gastric accommodation (measured as postprandial antral diameter) were assessed with abdominal ultrasonography. Participants completed the Children's Somatization Inventory (CSI), the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders, and the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rome III version. All testing was repeated 3-4 months later. RESULTS: Body mass index in the AN group improved over time (P = .012). Fasting gastric parameters were similar in the 2 groups. Maximum postprandial antral diameter was significantly greater in controls compared with the AN group (P = .008). Only adolescents with AN demonstrated a significant increase in maximum postprandial diameter at repeat testing (P = .009). There was no difference in residual gastric volume between the 2 groups. Initial CSI scores were higher in adolescents with AN (P < .0001), including higher scores for nausea and abdominal pain. CSI scores were significantly lower in adolescents with AN (P = .035). Initial scores on the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders were significantly higher in adolescents with AN (P = .0005), but did not change over time. Adolescents with AN met significantly more criteria for FGIDs (P = .003). CONCLUSION: Adolescents with AN have impaired gastric accommodation that improves after nutritional rehabilitation, have significantly more somatic complaints, and meet more criteria for anxiety disorders and FGIDs. After nutritional rehabilitation, somatization improves and FGIDs become less common, but symptoms of anxiety persist.
Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa/dietoterapia , Ansiedade/etiologia , Esvaziamento Gástrico , Gastroenteropatias/etiologia , Transtornos Somatoformes/etiologia , Adolescente , Anorexia Nervosa/complicações , Anorexia Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Anorexia Nervosa/psicologia , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Prospectivos , Testes Psicológicos , Autorrelato , Método Simples-Cego , Transtornos Somatoformes/diagnóstico , Estômago/diagnóstico por imagem , Estômago/fisiopatologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The birth canal provides mammals with a primary maternal inoculum, which develops into distinctive body site-specific microbial communities post-natally. We characterized the distal gut microbiota from birth to weaning in mice. One-day-old mice had colonic microbiota that resembled maternal vaginal communities, but at days 3 and 9 of age there was a substantial loss of intestinal bacterial diversity and dominance of Lactobacillus. By weaning (21 days), diverse intestinal bacteria had established, including strict anaerobes. Our results are consistent with vertical transmission of maternal microbiota and demonstrate a nonlinear ecological succession involving an early drop in bacterial diversity and shift in dominance from Streptococcus to Lactobacillus, followed by an increase in diversity of anaerobes, after the introduction of solid food. Mammalian newborns are born highly susceptible to colonization, and lactation may control microbiome assembly during early development.
Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Colo/microbiologia , Camundongos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Camundongos/microbiologia , Microbiota , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/microbiologia , Bactérias Anaeróbias/classificação , Bactérias Anaeróbias/genética , Bactérias Anaeróbias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Feminino , Lactobacillus/genética , Lactobacillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , DesmameRESUMO
Octodontoidea is the most speciose and ecologically diverse superfamily of caviomorph rodents. The systematic relationships of modern octodontoids is moderately accepted, however, the relationships of fossils (from the Eocene?-middle Miocene) are not clear. In recent years the hypothesis of a complex early evolution of the superfamily has emerged, with "basal octodontoids" representing different evolutionary lineages. The extinct family Acaremyidae may represent one such lineage, consisting of the genera Acaremys, Sciamys, Galileomys, and variably Platypittamys. In this work we describe a new octodontoid rodent recorded in post-Colloncuran? levels exposed at the locality of El Petiso, Northwest of Chubut Province, Argentina. Based on a systematic analysis of dental characters, we conclude that the new specimens correspond to a new species of Sciamys. Additionally, if the post-Colloncuran age for El Petiso is verified, the new species will extend the temporal range of the family Acaremyidae until, at least, the late middle Miocene, as well as the temporal range for the genus Sciamys from the Santacrucian SALMA. Our phylogenetic analyses corroborate the position of the new species as a member of Sciamys, and confirm that Acaremyidae represents an extinct family from Patagonian South America that lived until the middle Miocene. Massoiamys obliquus qualifies as morphological ancestor that pre-announces the octodontiform tooth pattern of octodontids. Thus, the octodontiform tooth pattern appears at least twice within the superfamily Octodontoidea.
Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Paleodontologia , Roedores/classificação , Dente/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Fósseis , Filogenia , Roedores/anatomia & histologia , América do SulRESUMO
El dengue es uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública en el estado Aragua. La situación se ha deteriorado en los últimos años, reportándose la mayor epidemia durante el año 2001. En los años 2002 y 2003 las tasas de exposición y riesgos relativos en municipios que conforman al estado Aragua, muestran que el área metropolitana de Maracay concentra riesgos importantes. Los municipios Girardot (capital), Francisco Linares Alcántara y Santiago Mariño, son los que concentraron los mayores riesgos. Durante ese período el número de nuevos casos de dengue aumentó especialmente durante la época de lluvias, evidenciándose la existencia de un patrón estacional. Este trabajo propone Modelos Bayesianos Jerárquicos con estructura espacio temporal que incluye variables climáticas y socio-demográficas con las cuales se identificaron factores de mayor influencia en la incidencia del dengue y se determinaron las parroquias con mayores riesgos.Los ajustes de los modelos resultantes se obtuvieron mediante técnicas con cadenas Markov Monte Carlo (MCMC) y se compararon con el criterio de información de deviancia (DIC). Estos modelos constituyen una herramienta importante que expertos en epidemiología y miembros del sector de salud pública deben considerar para el control del vector Aedes aegypti Linnaeus en el estado Aragua.
Dengue fever is a major public health problem in Aragua State, Venezuela. The situation has worsened in recent years, with a major epidemic during 2001. During 2002 and 2003 the exposition rates and relative risks of the municipalities that encompass Aragua State showed the highest relative risk of infection in the metropolitan area of Maracay. The municipalities of Girardot (capital), Francisco Linares Alcántara and Santiago Mariño concentrated the highest risk. During 2002 and 2003 the number of new dengue cases increased especially during the rainy season, showing the existence of a seasonal pattern. The present work presents Bayesian Hierarchical Models with spatio-temporal structure that included climatic and socioeconomic explanatory variables used to identify factors of major influence on dengue incidence and determined the municipalities with higher risks. Models were fitted using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods and selected using the deviance information criteria (DIC), respectively. These models constitute an important tool that epidemiologists and public health officers in Aragua State have to consider for the control of the vector Aedes aegypti Linnaeus.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Aedes , Dengue , Cadeias de Markov , Saúde Pública , Densovirinae , Controle de Mosquitos , Controle de Vetores de DoençasAssuntos
Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Inflamação , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/diagnóstico , Dor Abdominal , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Criança , Colite , Colonoscopia , Gastroenteropatias/patologia , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/patologia , Pediatria/métodos , Permeabilidade , Projetos de PesquisaRESUMO
El extracto acuoso de Cecropia peltata es elaborado a partir de la planta denominada comúnmente yagruma o guarumo en Cuba. Este se emplea en la elaboración de tabletas con acción broncodilatadora. A la planta se le atribuyen propiedades antiasmáticas, antiblenorrágicas, analgésicas y cicatrizantes por solo citar algunas. El ensayo se realizó para evaluar las características tóxicas del extracto acuoso y sus efectos tóxicos en ratas. Se administró por vía oral, una dosis de 1000 mg de sólidos totales/kg de peso corporal durante 28 días. Los animales se observaron diariamente para detectar signos de toxicidad. Al finalizar el tratamiento se realizaron exámenes de hematología, de química sanguínea y la necropsia, para hacer el examen anatomopatológico e histopatológico correspondiente. Se pudo concluir que no se afectaron los indicadores hematológicos y de química sanguínea por causa del extracto ensayado. Tampoco hubo afectaciones en el peso corporal y el consumo de alimento. Los resultados obtenidos con el análisis histopatológico corroboraron todo lo antes expuesto.
The aqueous extract of Cecropia peltata is made from a plant commonly called yagruma or guarumo in Cuba. This extract is used in the manufacture of tablets with bronchodilator action. This plant has antiasthmatic, antiblennorrheal, analgesic, and healing effects, among others. The assay was carried out to assess the toxic features of this aqueous extract and its toxic effects in rats. An oral dose of 1000 mg of total solids/kg of body weight was administered for 28 days. The animals were daily observed to detect signs of toxicity. At the end of the treatment hematology and blood chemistry tests were done and necropsy was performed to make the corresponding anatomopathological and histopathological examination. No affectations were reported in body weight and food consumption. The results attained by the histopathological examination confirmed all the above.
RESUMO
La secuencia de regresión caudal (SRC) comprende un conjunto de malformaciones lumbosacras asociadas a otras anomalías y ocurre con una frecuencia de 1/ 60 000 nacimientos. Usualmente estos casos son de presentación esporádica, un porciento ocurre en descendientes de madres diabéticas y se han publicado aislados estudios familiares demostrándose patrones de herencia recesiva y dominante. En este trabajo a partir de la detección de feto que presentaba una raquisquisis sacra y un meningocele se procede a la interrupción de la gestación y al estudio familiar. Se describen los hallazgos ultrasonográficos, necrópsicos y radiológicos encontrados en el grupo de estudio, demostrando al confeccionar el árbol genealógico la existencia de un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante. Por la poca frecuencia de presentación de este síndrome, más aún en su forma familiar nos motivamos a la presentación de este estudio
Assuntos
Humanos , Gravidez , Disrafismo Espinal , Meningocele , Gravidez em Diabéticas/complicações , Região Lombossacral/anormalidadesRESUMO
La Distrofia Muscular Oculofaríngea es un trastorno hereditario de rara ocurrencia. Este síndrome se caracteriza fundamentalmente por alteraciones oftalmológicas, musculares y digestivas entre otras. Se presenta una familia en la cual a partir del caso control se fueron detectando otros familiares afectados, con un cuadro clínico similar o con signos y síntomas incipientes de la enfermedad, demostrándose la existencia de un patrón de herencia autosómica dominante para esta alteración. Por lo infrecuente de esta enfermedad, en la cual, los trastornos se van agudizando de manera progresiva, llegando a ser invalidantes para el paciente y además por su carácter hereditario se pone a consideración de otros especialistas esta familia
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Distrofia Muscular Oculofaríngea/genéticaRESUMO
The h-R3 is a humanized growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb) in development for the treatment of head and neck tumours in which malignant cells overexpress the Epidermal Growth Factor receptor. The present study was designed to evaluate the toxicity of repeated intravenous doses of the h-R3 mAb in a relevant species demonstrated by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemical (IHC) technique in skin biopsy samples from three Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus monkeys (green monkeys). Additionally, 18 green monkeys were daily intravenously treated during 14 consecutive days. Monkeys were distributed into three experimental groups with three animals of each sex in each group. Group I received saline solution and served as control group; group II received 2.85 mg/kg of h-R3 mAb; and group III received 11.4 mg/kg of the h-R3 mAb. During the study there were no deaths, neither pathological clinical signs, or variations in the corporal weight curve. The electroneurophysiological and sanguine chemistry results did not evidence alterations related to the assay substance. Areas of haematomas, haemorrhages and inflammation, probably related with the administration procedure, were observed at the administration zones of all animals; this fact could also explain the increase in the neutrophil count of all animals at the end of the study. The electrocardiography study showed that in the 14 days of the study one female monkey, from the higher dose group, shifted its cardiac axis from +60 degrees to + 120 degrees; this finding could be interpreted as a right ventricular elongation due to the relative high daily administered volume. It is concluded that doses up to 11.4 mg/kg of h-R3, intravenously administered during 14 consecutive days to Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus monkeys do not produce considerable toxic effects in the studied system.