RESUMO
Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es un reto para los sistemas de salud pública de todas las naciones. Objetivo: Identificar el riesgo de padecer diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes que debutaron con hipertensión arterial que tienen tratamiento farmacológico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de tipo serie de casos. El universo estuvo constituido por los 74 pacientes pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico Docente Universitario Alex Urquiola Marrero que debutaron con hipertensión arterial, en el año 2019; se estudió todo el universo. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, factores de riesgo asociados a la diabetes mellitus, antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus y riesgo de padecer diabetes mellitus. Luego de recolectar la información, esta fue digitalizada para su posterior procesamiento. La base de datos y su procesamiento se realizó utilizando el paquete de programas estadísticos SPSS. Se utilizó la escala Finnish Diabetes Risk Score para calcular el riesgo de padecer diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Resultados: 40 pacientes pertenecían al sexo masculino; 29,7 por ciento estaban entre 55 y 64 años; obesidad, sedentarismo y hábitos alimentarios inadecuados estuvieron presentes en más del 50 por ciento de los pacientes; 59,5 por ciento tenían antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus de 2do grado; 52,7 por ciento presentaron riesgo de padecer diabetes mellitus tipo 2 alto o muy alto. Conclusiones: En pacientes con hipertensión arterial de debut el riesgo de padecer diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es predominantemente alto y muy alto(AU)
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a challenge for the public health systems of all nations. Objective: To identify the risk of suffering type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients who debuted with arterial hypertension under pharmacological treatment. Methods: An observational, descriptive study pf case series was carried out. The universe was made up of the 74 patients belonging to the health area of Alex Urquiola Marrero University Teaching Polyclinic who debuted with arterial hypertension in 2019. The entire universe was studied. The variables studied were age, sex, risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus, family history of diabetes mellitus, and risk of suffering from diabetes mellitus. After collecting the information, it was entered into computer software for further processing. The database was processed using the SPSS statistical software package. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score was used to calculate the risk of suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: Of the total of patients, 40 belonged to the male sex. 29.7 percent were aged 55-64 years. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle and inadequate eating habits were present in more than 50 percent of the patients. 59.5 percent had a family history of diabetes mellitus, through a second-degree relative. 52.7 percent had a high or very high risk of suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: In patients who debuted with hypertension, the risk of suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus is predominantly high or very high(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estado Pré-Diabético , Fatores de Risco , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudo Observacional , Hipertensão/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: La leptospirosis es una enfermedad infecciosa bacteriana causada por leptospiras patógenas, que afectan a una amplia variedad de mamíferos incluido el hombre. Es considerada como una de las enfermedades zoonóticas de mayor distribución a nivel mundial. Objetivo: Determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra Leptospira spp. y factores de riesgo asociados a la leptospirosis en algunas poblaciones de cerdos de Portoviejo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, realizado entre octubre de 2018 a marzo de 2019. Se estudiaron cerdos criados en parroquias del cantón Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador. Se colectaron un total de 280 muestras de sangre (115 de cerdos en crianza tecnificada y 165 en crianza de traspatio), 140 en el periodo lluvioso (enero-marzo) y 140 en el periodo seco (octubre-diciembre), de forma tal que fueran representativos los animales para ambas épocas. El diagnóstico serológico se realizó mediante la prueba de aglutinación microscópica. Resultados: En la crianza tecnificada, la seroprevalencia fue de 16,52 por ciento (19/115) y en la crianza de traspatio, 20,61 por ciento (34/165). Se presentó con mayor frecuencia en serovares Australis e Icterohaemorrhagiae en 14,28 por ciento (40/280), respectivamente, y Bataviae en 13,21 por ciento (37/280). El riesgo asociado a la infección por leptospiras fue mayor en los cerdos del sexo femenino, en las poblaciones de cerdos que consumieron agua de ríos y en los predios donde no se realizó un control de roedores silvestres. Conclusiones: La seroprevalencia a anticuerpos contra Leptospira spp. en la población de cerdos en crianza tecnificada y traspatio fue moderada, pero constituye un peligro potencial para la población humana expuesta. En ambos sistemas de crianza, los serovares más frecuentes fueron Australis, Icterohaemorrhagiae y Bataviae(AU)
Introduction: Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira sp. bacteria. It affects a large number of mammals, including humans, and is considered to be one of the most widely distributed zoonotic diseases worldwide. Objective: Determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. and the risk factors associated to leptospirosis in some pig populations from Portoviejo. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019 of pigs raised in parishes from Portoviejo Canton in Manabí, Ecuador. A total 280 blood samples were collected (115 from pigs raised technically and 165 from pigs raised in backyards), 140 in the rainy season (January-March) and 140 in the dry season (October-December), so that the samples were representative of the two seasons. Serological diagnosis was performed with the microscopic agglutination test. Results: In technical breeding, seroprevalence was 16.52 percent (19/115), whereas in backyard breeding it was 20.61 percent (34/165). It was most common in serovars Australis and Icterohaemorrhagiae, with 14.28 percent (40/280), respectively, and Bataviae with 13.21 percent (37/280). Risk associated to Leptospira infection was greater in sows, in pig populations which drank river water, and in areas where wild rodent control was not present. Conclusions: Seroprevalence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. was moderate in technical and backyard pig raising populations, but it is a potential hazard for the human population exposed. In both breeding systems, the most common serovars were Australis, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Bataviae(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Anticorpos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , EquadorRESUMO
Aortic coarctation is a congenital heart disease that causes an increased left ventricular afterload, resulting in increased systolic parietal tension, compensatory hypertrophy, and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The speckle tracking is a new echocardiographic technique that allows the detection of subclinic left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to detect early left ventricular dysfunction using mechanical deformation by echocardiography in adults with un-repaired aortic coarctation. A total of 41 subjects were studied, 20 patients with aortic coarctation and 21 control subjects, 21 women (51.2%), with an average age of 30 ± 10 years. All patients with aortic coarctation had systemic arterial hypertension (p < 0.001). Seventy percent (14/20) of the patients had bicuspid aortic valve. Statistically significance (p < 0.005) were found in left ventricular mass index, E/e ratio, pulmonary artery systolic pressure and peak velocity and maximum gradient of the aortic valve. The global longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle in patients with aortic coarctation was significative decreased, p < 0.001. The ejection fraction and the global longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle were significantly lower in patients with aortic coarctation compared to the control group, p < 0.003, p < 0.001, respectively. The subgroup of patients with coarctation and left ventricular ejection fraction < 55% had a marked decrease in global longitudinal strain (- 15.9 ± 4%). The radial deformation was increased in patients with aortic coarctation and showed a trend to be significant (r = 0.421; p < 0.06). A significant negative correlation was observed between the global longitudinal deformation and left ventricular mass index (r = 0.54; p = 0.01) in the aortic coarctation group. The patients with aortic coarctation and left ventricular hypertrophy had marked reduction of left ventricular global longitudinal deformation (- 16%, p < 0.05). In our study patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction had abnormal global longitudinal deformation and also the increased left ventricular mass was related with a decreased left ventricular global longitudinal deformation as a sign of subclinical systolic dysfunction.
Assuntos
Coartação Aórtica/complicações , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Contração Miocárdica , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Adulto , Coartação Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Coartação Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Volume Sistólico , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Remodelação Ventricular , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This is a case of a 37-year-old woman with uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot with the absence of pulmonary valve and history of heart murmur in childhood who did not have a medical approach. At 29 years of age she started with dyspnoea that in the last 7 months progressed to be of small effort and also referred increase of the abdominal perimeter.
Assuntos
Ascite/complicações , Dispneia/etiologia , Valva Pulmonar/anormalidades , Tetralogia de Fallot/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Ecocardiografia Doppler em Cores , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of early left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in adult patients with aortic coarctation (AoCo) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) compared to systemic hypertensive patients without coarctation and healthy controls by speckle tracking. Methods: Sixty-one subjects were studied, who attended consecutively to external consultation. All were submitted to clinical history, resting electrocardiogram, conventional echocardiogram and with Speckle Tracking. Results: 15 patients with AoCo and SAH were in functional class NYHA I, and five in functional class NYHA II. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the global longitudinal deformation and the left ventricular mass index in the AoCo and SAH group and in the hypertensive patients (r = 0.53, p = 0.02; r = 0.52, p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: In patients with AoCo and SAH, global longitudinal deformation and left ventricular mass index are significantly related to subclinical LV dysfunction. These parameters are important and should be taken into account to regulate timely therapeutic behavior.
Assuntos
Coartação Aórtica/complicações , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Hipertensão/complicações , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/complicações , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate serological methods for chikungunya diagnosis and research in Nicaragua. METHODS: Two IgM ELISA capture systems (MAC-ELISA) for diagnosis of acute chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections, and two Inhibition ELISA Methods (IEM) to measure total antibodies against CHIKV were developed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and hyperimmune serum at the National Virology Laboratory of Nicaragua in 2014-2015. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and agreement of the MAC-ELISAs were obtained by comparing the results of 198 samples (116 positive; 82 negative) with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's IgM ELISA (Atlanta, Georgia, United States; CDC-MAC-ELISA). For clinical evaluation of the four serological techniques, 260 paired acute and convalescent phase serum samples of suspected chikungunya cases were used. RESULTS: All four assays were standardized by determining the optimal concentrations of the different reagents. Processing times were substantially reduced compared to the CDC-MAC-ELISA. For the MAC-ELISA systems, a sensitivity of 96.6% and 97.4%, and a specificity of 98.8% and 91.5% were obtained using mAb and hyperimmune serum, respectively, compared with the CDC method. Clinical evaluation of the four serological techniques versus the CDC real-time RT-PCR assay resulted in a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 88.8%-95.9%. CONCLUSION: Two MAC-ELISA and two IEM systems were standardized, demonstrating very good quality for chikungunya diagnosis and research demands. This will achieve more efficient epidemiological surveillance in Nicaragua, the first country in Central America to produce its own reagents for serological diagnosis of CHIKV. The methods evaluated here can be applied in other countries and will contribute to sustainable diagnostic systems to combat the disease.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Febre de Chikungunya/diagnóstico , Vírus Chikungunya/imunologia , Febre de Chikungunya/sangue , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Nicarágua/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População , Testes SorológicosRESUMO
Objective. To develop and evaluate serological methods for chikungunya diagnosis and research in Nicaragua. Methods. Two IgM ELISA capture systems (MAC-ELISA) for diagnosis of acute chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections, and two Inhibition ELISA Methods (IEM) to measure total antibodies against CHIKV were developed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and hyperimmune serum at the National Virology Laboratory of Nicaragua in 2014–2015. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and agreement of the MAC-ELISAs were obtained by comparing the results of 198 samples (116 positive; 82 negative) with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s IgM ELISA (Atlanta, Georgia, United States; CDC-MAC-ELISA). For clinical evaluation of the four serological techniques, 260 paired acute and convalescent phase serum samples of suspected chikungunya cases were used. Results. All four assays were standardized by determining the optimal concentrations of the different reagents. Processing times were substantially reduced compared to the CDC-MACELISA. For the MAC-ELISA systems, a sensitivity of 96.6% and 97.4%, and a specificity of 98.8% and 91.5% were obtained using mAb and hyperimmune serum, respectively, compared with the CDC method. Clinical evaluation of the four serological techniques versus the CDC real-time RT-PCR assay resulted in a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 88.8%–95.9%. Conclusion. Two MAC-ELISA and two IEM systems were standardized, demonstrating very good quality for chikungunya diagnosis and research demands. This will achieve more efficient epidemiological surveillance in Nicaragua, the first country in Central America to produce its own reagents for serological diagnosis of CHIKV. The methods evaluated here can be applied in other countries and will contribute to sustainable diagnostic systems to combat the disease.
Objetivo. Elaborar y evaluar métodos serológicos para el diagnóstico y la investigación del chikungunya. Métodos. Se elaboraron dos sistemas de ELISA de captura de IgM (MAC-ELISA por sus siglas en inglés) para el diagnóstico de la infección aguda por el virus de (CHIKV) y dos métodos de ELISA de inhibición (MEI) para determinar el valor cuantitativo de los anticuerpos totales contra el CHIKV, en el Laboratorio Nacional de Virología de Nicaragua en 2014–2015, para lo cual se utilizaron anticuerpos monoclonales (AcMo) y sueros hiperinmunes. Se determinó la sensibilidad, la especificidad y los valores predictivos, así como la concordancia de los MAC-ELISA, comparando los resultados de 198 muestras (116 positivas y 82 negativas) con el ELISA de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos (Atlanta; MACELISA- CDC). Para la evaluación clínica de las cuatro técnicas serológicas, se emplearon 260 muestras de suero obtenidas en la fase aguda y en la fase de convalecencia de presuntos casos de chikungunya. Resultados. Se estandarizaron los cuatro métodos analíticos determinando las concentraciones óptimas de los diferentes reactivos. La duración del procesamiento se redujo sustancialmente en comparación con el MAC-ELISA-CDC. Con los sistemas de MAC-ELISA, se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 96,6% y del 97,4% y una especificidad del 98,8% y del 91,5% al utilizar AcMo y suero hiperinmune, respectivamente, en comparación con el método de los CDC. La evaluación clínica de las cuatro técnicas serológicas, en comparación con la PCR en tiempo real de los CDC, arrojó una sensibilidad del 95,7% y una especificidad del 88,8%–95,9%. Conclusiones. Se estandarizaron dos sistemas de ELISA-MAC y dos de MEI y se comprobó que poseen la calidad adecuada para el diagnóstico y las investigaciones del chikungunya, con lo cual mejorará la eficiencia de la vigilancia epidemiológica en Nicaragua, el primer país centroamericano que produce sus propios reactivos para el diagnóstico serológico del CHIKV. Los métodos estudiados en este trabajo pueden aplicarse en otros países y contribuyen al desarrollo de sistemas de diagnóstico sostenibles para combatir la enfermedad.
Assuntos
Vírus Chikungunya , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Nicarágua , América Central , Vírus Chikungunya , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção EnzimáticaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective To develop and evaluate serological methods for chikungunya diagnosis and research in Nicaragua. Methods Two IgM ELISA capture systems (MAC-ELISA) for diagnosis of acute chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections, and two Inhibition ELISA Methods (IEM) to measure total antibodies against CHIKV were developed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and hyperimmune serum at the National Virology Laboratory of Nicaragua in 2014-2015. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and agreement of the MAC-ELISAs were obtained by comparing the results of 198 samples (116 positive; 82 negative) with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's IgM ELISA (Atlanta, Georgia, United States; CDC-MAC-ELISA). For clinical evaluation of the four serological techniques, 260 paired acute and convalescent phase serum samples of suspected chikungunya cases were used. Results All four assays were standardized by determining the optimal concentrations of the different reagents. Processing times were substantially reduced compared to the CDC-MAC-ELISA. For the MAC-ELISA systems, a sensitivity of 96.6% and 97.4%, and a specificity of 98.8% and 91.5% were obtained using mAb and hyperimmune serum, respectively, compared with the CDC method. Clinical evaluation of the four serological techniques versus the CDC real-time RT-PCR assay resulted in a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 88.8%-95.9%. Conclusion Two MAC-ELISA and two IEM systems were standardized, demonstrating very good quality for chikungunya diagnosis and research demands. This will achieve more efficient epidemiological surveillance in Nicaragua, the first country in Central America to produce its own reagents for serological diagnosis of CHIKV. The methods evaluated here can be applied in other countries and will contribute to sustainable diagnostic systems to combat the disease.
RESUMEN Objetivo Elaborar y evaluar métodos serológicos para el diagnóstico y la investigación del chikungunya. Métodos Se elaboraron dos sistemas de ELISA de captura de IgM (MAC-ELISA por sus siglas en inglés) para el diagnóstico de la infección aguda por el virus de (CHIKV) y dos métodos de ELISA de inhibición (MEI) para determinar el valor cuantitativo de los anticuerpos totales contra el CHIKV, en el Laboratorio Nacional de Virología de Nicaragua en 2014-2015, para lo cual se utilizaron anticuerpos monoclonales (AcMo) y sueros hiperinmunes. Se determinó la sensibilidad, la especificidad y los valores predictivos, así como la concordancia de los MAC-ELISA, comparando los resultados de 198 muestras (116 positivas y 82 negativas) con el ELISA de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos (Atlanta; MAC-ELISA-CDC). Para la evaluación clínica de las cuatro técnicas serológicas, se emplearon 260 muestras de suero obtenidas en la fase aguda y en la fase de convalecencia de presuntos casos de chikungunya. Resultados Se estandarizaron los cuatro métodos analíticos determinando las concentraciones óptimas de los diferentes reactivos. La duración del procesamiento se redujo sustancialmente en comparación con el MAC-ELISA-CDC. Con los sistemas de MAC-ELISA, se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 96,6% y del 97,4% y una especificidad del 98,8% y del 91,5% al utilizar AcMo y suero hiperinmune, respectivamente, en comparación con el método de los CDC. La evaluación clínica de las cuatro técnicas serológicas, en comparación con la PCR en tiempo real de los CDC, arrojó una sensibilidad del 95,7% y una especificidad del 88,8%-95,9%. Conclusiones Se estandarizaron dos sistemas de ELISA-MAC y dos de MEI y se comprobó que poseen la calidad adecuada para el diagnóstico y las investigaciones del chikungunya, con lo cual mejorará la eficiencia de la vigilancia epidemiológica en Nicaragua, el primer país centroamericano que produce sus propios reactivos para el diagnóstico serológico del CHIKV. Los métodos estudiados en este trabajo pueden aplicarse en otros países y contribuyen al desarrollo de sistemas de diagnóstico sostenibles para combatir la enfermedad.
Assuntos
Vírus Chikungunya/imunologia , Febre de Chikungunya/diagnóstico , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Nicarágua/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Numerous immunological approaches exist to diagnose dengue or detect dengue virus (DENV) infections. OBJECTIVES: To determine the best immunological markers and specimen types for dengue diagnosis and for measuring incidence of DENV infection in community-based studies. STUDY DESIGN: In one study, acute- and convalescent-phase samples were collected from hospitalized suspected pediatric dengue cases in Managua, Nicaragua, from September 2003 to February 2004. A second study examined specimens collected in a community setting in Managua before and after the 2003-2004 dengue season to measure incidence of DENV infection. In both studies, detection of anti-DENV IgM, IgA, and IgG in serum, filter-paper blood spots, and saliva was compared to a gold standard performed on serum samples. RESULTS: For dengue diagnosis, the highest sensitivity and specificity was obtained by measuring IgM or IgA in serum or filter-paper blood spots; intermediate and poor results were obtained in saliva for IgM and IgA, respectively. Detection of IgG alone in serum, filter-paper blood spots, or saliva functioned best for measuring DENV infection. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of IgM and IgA in serum and filter-paper blood spots yielded optimal results for diagnosis of dengue cases, whereas IgG was the best marker for measuring incidence of DENV infection.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Sangue/imunologia , Dengue/diagnóstico , Saliva/imunologia , Soro/imunologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dengue/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Lactente , Masculino , Nicarágua/epidemiologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Testes SorológicosRESUMO
To investigate the incidence of dengue virus (DENV) infection in Nicaragua, a 2-year prospective study was conducted in schoolchildren 4-16 years old in the capital city of Managua. Blood samples were collected before the rainy season in 2001, 2002 and 2003, and were assayed for DENV-specific antibodies. Participants were monitored for dengue-like illness, and acute and convalescent blood samples were collected from suspected dengue cases. In 2001 and 2002, 602 and 397 students were recruited, respectively, and paired annual serum samples were available from 467 and 719 participants in 2001-2002 and 2002-2003, respectively. The overall seroprevalence of anti-DENV antibodies was 91%, increasing from 75% at age 4 to 100% at age 16. The incidence of DENV infection was 12% in Year 1 and 6% in Year 2 (P < 0.001). During Year 1, four laboratory-confirmed dengue cases were detected, with one DENV2 isolate; during Year 2, there were six confirmed dengue cases, with one DENV1 isolate. These and additional circulating serotypes were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralisation test. This study demonstrates surprisingly high transmission of DENV in urban Nicaragua.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Nicarágua/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Our objectives were to assess the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine plus cisplatin as first-line therapy in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Patients with stage IV MBC and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease were treated with gemcitabine 1200 mg/m on days 1 and 8, and cisplatin 75 mg/m on day 1 every 21 days. Up to 6 cycles were given. A total of 46 patients with a median age of 49 years (range 24-77) and Karnofsky performance status of 80 or above were enrolled. In total, 238 cycles were administered. Of the 42 patients evaluable for response, seven (17%) achieved a complete response and 27 (64%) a partial response, for an overall response rate of 81% [95% confidence interval (CI) 69-93%]. Median time to progression was 14.9 months (95% CI 0-30.2 months). Median duration of response was 24.2 months (95% CI 11.2-37.3 months). The median survival was 27.9 months (95% CI 23.1-32.7 months), and the 1- and 2-year survival probabilities were 71.4 and 61.4%, respectively. All patients were evaluable for toxicity, and grade 3/4 WHO toxicities included neutropenia (41.3%), anemia (8.7%), thrombocytopenia (8.7%), alopecia (26.1%) and nausea/vomiting (32.6%). We conclude that gemcitabine plus cisplatin is a highly effective and safe first-line treatment for patients with MBC. The time to progression of 14.9 months compares favorably with other standard treatments (anthracyclines, taxanes). A randomized study is required to further investigate the role of this combination as first-line treatment for MBC.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/efeitos adversos , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Análise de Sobrevida , GencitabinaRESUMO
Dengue, the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease of humans, is caused by four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1-4). Although all four DENV serotypes cause a range of illness, defining precisely which clinical characteristics are associated with the distinct serotypes has been elusive. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 984 and 313 hospitalized children with confirmed DENV infections during two time periods, respectively, in the same hospitals in Nicaragua: a 3-year period (1999-2001) when DENV-2 accounted for 96% of the viruses identified, and the 2003 dengue season when DENV-1 predominated (87% of identified serotypes). When the two periods were compared, more shock (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.35-2.71) and internal hemorrhage (OR 2.05, CI 1.16-3.78) were observed in the period when DENV-2 predominated, whereas increased vascular permeability was associated to a greater degree with the DENV-1 period (OR 2.36, CI 1.80-3.09). Compared with the DENV-2 period, the DENV-1 season was associated with more hospitalized primary dengue cases (OR 3.86, CI 2.72-5.48) and more primary DENV infections with severe manifestations (OR 2.93, CI 2.00-4.28). These findings provide new data to characterize the pathogenic potential of distinct DENV serotypes in human populations.
Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dengue/classificação , Adolescente , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Dengue/sangue , Dengue/patologia , Dengue/virologia , Feminino , Hematócrito , Hemorragia/patologia , Hemorragia/virologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Contagem de Plaquetas , Sorotipagem , Choque/patologia , Choque/virologia , Trombocitopenia/patologia , Trombocitopenia/virologiaRESUMO
To investigate age-related differences in dengue severity, 114 infants, 1,211 children, and 346 adults with laboratory-confirmed dengue virus (DEN) infections presenting to three hospitals in major urban centers in Nicaragua were recruited from 1999 to 2001. The age distribution of dengue cases and the circulating serotype (predominantly DEN2) were representative of national data. Similar results were obtained when either dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome or its principal manifestations (vascular permeability, internal hemorrhage, marked thrombocytopenia, and/or shock) were analyzed in relation to age and immune status. The burden of disease and of severe dengue was found predominantly in infants 4-9 months of age and in children 5-9 years old, and secondary DEN infection was a risk factor for severity in children. Age-related differences were identified in the prevalence of specific clinical manifestations as well as in their association with a confirmed DEN diagnosis. This represents one of the few comprehensive studies to analyze characteristics of dengue in infants, children, and adults in the same population and highlights age-related differences in dengue severity.
Assuntos
Dengue/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Dengue/etiologia , Dengue/patologia , Feminino , Hospitais Urbanos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nicarágua/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
In a hospital and health center-based study in Nicaragua, fluid intake during the 24 hours before being seen by a clinician was statistically associated with decreased risk for hospitalization of dengue fever patients. Similar results were obtained for children <15 years of age and older adolescents and adults in independent analyses.
Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Dengue/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Dengue/classificação , Dengue/terapia , Vírus da Dengue/classificação , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Hidratação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nicarágua/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
To evaluate alternative approaches to the serological diagnosis of dengue virus (DEN) infection, the detection of DEN-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA antibodies in serum and saliva specimens was assessed in 147 patients with symptoms of DEN infection seen at the Ministry of Health in Nicaragua. Seventy-two serum samples were determined to be positive for anti-DEN antibodies by IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the routine diagnostic procedure. Serum and saliva specimens were obtained from 50 healthy adults as additional controls. IgM was detected in the saliva of 65 of the 72 serum IgM-positive cases, 6 of the 75 serum IgM-negative cases, and none of the control group, resulting in a sensitivity of 90.3% and a specificity of 92.0% and demonstrating that salivary IgM is a useful diagnostic marker for DEN infection. Detection of IgA in serum may be another feasible alternative for the diagnosis of DEN infection, with serum IgA found in 68 (94.4%) of the IgM-positive cases. In contrast, detection of IgA in saliva was not found to be a useful tool for DEN diagnosis in the present study. Further studies of the kinetics of antibody detection in another set of 151 paired acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples showed that DEN-specific IgA antibodies were detected in more acute-phase samples than were IgM antibodies. Thus, we conclude that DEN-specific IgA in serum is a potential diagnostic target. Furthermore, given that saliva is a readily obtainable, noninvasive specimen, detection of DEN-specific salivary IgM should be considered a useful, cheaper diagnostic modality with similar sensitivity and specificity to IgM detection in serum.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Cinética , Saliva/imunologia , Saliva/virologiaRESUMO
Informamos el caso de una paciente con una tumoración abdominal, remitida al hospital de área "Juan Manuel Galvez" (Gracias Lempira) con el diagnóstico de embarazo. En base a los estudios clínicos y laboratoriales se postuló el diagnóstico de "tumor gigante de ovario(T.G.O.)". La laparotomía exploradora demostró un tumor gigante de ovario izquierdi que por estudios histopatológicos resultó ser un cistoadenoma mucinoso benigno de ovario. Lo avanzado de la enfermedad en ésta paciente deja al descubierto nuestra pobre cobertura de salud asi como el bajo nivel sociocultural de la población. Se enfatiza que el diagnóstico diferencial de éste tumor no es el embarazo sino otras neoplasias abdominales y pélvicas.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Cistadenoma Mucinoso/cirurgia , Cistadenoma Mucinoso/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/complicações , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnósticoRESUMO
1. Frecuencia Hospital-Escuela fue de uno de 1962 nacidos vivos frecuencia Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social fue de uno en 305 nacidos vivos. 2. Edad de presentación más frecuente 20-34 años, que coincide con mayor actividad sexual. 3. Más frecuente en multíparas. 4. En 46% de los casos de la edad gestacional fue entre 6-10 semanas. 5. En 55.8% de los pacientes se encontró antecedentes quirúrgicos abdominales. 6. Los síntomas más comunes dolor pélvico, S.T.U. y síntomas hipovolémicos. 7. El gravindex como prueba diagnóstica solo fue positiva en el 59.8%, si es negativo, no descarta el diagnóstico. 8. El presente estudio no puede concluir acerca de la relación DIU-EPI respecto al embarazo ectópico, ya que la falta de información en los expedientes fue grande. 9. La culdocentesis no fue necesaria por la evidencia del cuadro clínico en 55 pacientes (53.9%). 10. El TBA solo fue realizado en 52 pacientes (50.9%), en el resto fue posible hacer diagnóstico con el examen ginecológico rutinario. 11. El 58.8% de casos, se practicó cirugía antes de las 6 horas de su ingreso. 12. Se transfundieron 74 pacientes (72.5%) a pesar de que la hemoglobina menor de 10grs% soslo estuvo en 37 pacientes (32.2%) en este aspecto la hemoglobina que se revisó fue la de ingreso y las transfusiones fueron realizadas en trans y post-operatorio. 13. En 77.4% de las pacientes el embarazo ectópico se encontró roto al momento de la cirugía. 14. El sitio de la trompa más frecuente fue la ampula, seguida del istmo. 15...