RESUMO
Essential oils (EO) such as carvacrol represent a wide range of mainly volatile aromatic plant compounds which hold antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal potential, in addition to other properties of interest to animal health, such as the ability to modulate the microbiome. Current horse care commonly involves an intensive management system with an excessive use of concentrated feed, which can lead to severe digestive and metabolic disorders. Studies with EO in horses are limited, but the use of carvacrol essential oil (CEO) can promote benefits in microbial fermentation. The objective was to investigate the effect of different quantities of CEO on the apparent total digestibility of nutrients, microbial profile in the feces and postprandial blood glucose and insulin response when added to the equine diet. Eight Mini-Horse geldings were used (42±6 months; 135±15 kg BW) and fed with a proportion of 60% concentrate and 40% grass hay. The treatments were: 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm of CEO. The addition of CEO up to 300 ppm did not influence the apparent digestibility of nutrients or the postprandial plasma glucose and insulin response. The use of CEO maintained the fermentative digestive health of horses fed with concentrate diets.(AU)
Os óleos essenciais (EO), como o carvacrol, são descritos por representarem ampla gama de compostos principalmente voláteis de plantas aromáticas, com potencial antioxidante, antibacteriano, antifúngico, entre outras propriedades de interesse para a saúde animal, como a modulação do microbioma. Atualmente, os cavalos são submetidos a manejo intensivo, com uso excessivo de ração concentrada, o que pode causar graves distúrbios digestivos e metabólicos. Em cavalos, estudos com EO são limitados, mas o uso de óleo essencial de carvacrol (CEO) poderia promover benefícios na fermentação microbiana. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi investigar o efeito de diferentes quantidades de óleo essencial de carvacrol, adicionadas à dieta de equinos, sobre a digestibilidade aparente total de nutrientes, o perfil microbiano por meio das fezes e a resposta sanguínea pós-prandial de glicose e insulina. Foram utilizados oito cavalos castrados, da raça Mini-Horse (42±6 meses), 135±15kg PV, alimentados na proporção de 60% concentrado e 40% feno de capim. Os tratamentos foram: 0, 100, 200 e 300ppm de CEO. A adição de CEO até 300ppm não influencia a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e a resposta de glicose e insulina plasmática pós-prandial. O uso de EO demonstra manter a saúde digestiva fermentativa quando os cavalos são alimentados com dieta rica em concentrado.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Digestão/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucose , Cavalos/sangue , Insulina/sangue , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , MonoterpenosRESUMO
RESUMO Nos quintais do nordeste brasileiro são mantidas tradicionalmente diversas espécies vegetais para o tratamento de doenças. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um levantamento das espécies medicinais em quintais na Comunidade de São João da Várzea, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 22 informantes e foram aplicadas para a coleta de dados técnicas de observação direta e participante, turnê guiada, lista livre e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Verificou-se a presença de 57 espécies pertencentes a 37 famílias botânicas. As espécies com maior frequência de ocorrência foram goiabeira (Psidium guajavaL.) e coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L.), presentes em 59% e 55% dos quintais, respectivamente. Para estas espécies houve maior índice de concordância de uso (CUPc de 61,5% e 92,3%). Foram citadas 67 patologias e o maior número de plantas medicinais foi indicado para o tratamento de gripe, disenteria, inflamações e como cicatrizante de ferimentos. O principal modo de administração foi por via oral, na forma de decocção (58%) e as folhas foram as partes mais usadas (32,6%). Os quintais são sistemas que atuam como uma estratégia de uso mais sustentável dos recursos medicinais por conservarem também as espécies nativas. As espécies medicinais mais frequentes nos quintais são arvores frutífero-alimentícias importantes para a renda familiar. A gripe e desinteria são os principais agravos de saúde tratados com espécies medicinais pela comunidade. Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Citrus X limonia (L.) Osbeck, Punica granatum L., Cocos nucifera L. e Psidium guajava L. são espécies que merecem maiores estudos farmacológicos.
ABSTRACT Traditionally, at homegardens in the northeastern of Brazil, several plant species are employed for the treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to research the species of medicinal use in homegardens of São João da Varzea, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. 22 homegardens were studied through the techniques of direct and participant observations , guided tours, free list and semi structured interviews. We verified the presence of 57 botanical species belonging to 37 families. The two species with the highest frequency of occurrence were the guava (Psidium guajava L.) and the coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), present in 59% and 55% of the homegardens, respectively. For these species there was more agreement of use (CUPc 61.5% and 92.3%). 67 diseases, including influenza and dysentery were the most common ones mentioned during the interviews. The main mode of administration was orally, in the form of decoction (58%), and the leaves were the most employed component (32.6%). Homegardens are systems that act as a more sustainable use of medicinal resources strategy since they conserve native species. The most common medicinal plants in the homegardens are the fruitful-food trees, important to the family income. The flu and the dysentery are the main health problems treated with medicinal plants by the community. The Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Citrus X limonia (L.) Osbeck, Punica granatum L., Cocos nucifera L. and Psidium guajava L. are species that deserve further pharmacological studies.
Assuntos
Humanos , Plantas Medicinais/classificação , Características de Residência/classificação , Etnobotânica/instrumentação , Medicina Tradicional/métodosRESUMO
The Anophelae species of the municipal district of Pinheiro, Maranhão State, Brazil, were studied, considering their variety, relative abundance, seasonal fluctuation, preference by the peri and intra domiciles as well as the hours of hematophagism. The females were captured using human bait, on a monthly basis from May/1998 to April/1999, from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. A total of 1,321 specimens of 10 species were captured, all belonging to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus. The most frequent species were A. argyritarsis (62%), A. darlingi (21.7%), A. albitarsis (4.5%), A. galvaoi (4.0%), A. triannulatus (3.1%) and A. evansae (2.8%). The species A. nuneztovari, A. braziliensis, A. rondoni and A. strodei together represented 1.9%. The anophelines occurred all year round, with no significant difference in the number of specimens captured between the rainy (51.7%) and dry season (48.3%). The frequency of the females in the peridomicile was significantly higher (p < 0.01) (82%), than in the intradomicile (18%), preferring to suck blood at dusk and in the first hours of the night.
Assuntos
Anopheles/classificação , Comportamento de Retorno ao Território Vital , Animais , Brasil , Doenças Endêmicas , Humanos , Malária/epidemiologia , Densidade DemográficaRESUMO
Dengue and Aedes aegypti are widespread in the State of Maranhão. During 1995, 87 of the 136 of the State's counties, including 176 towns and 480,687 households, were studied, of which 30 counties (34. 4%), 118 towns (67.0%) and 10,357 households (2.1%) were positive for Aedes aegypti. The positive counties are distributed as follow: 3 on São Luís Island, 7 in the Amazonia of Maranhão, 12 in the southern zone of the cerrados or savannas, and 5 in the mixed forest/savanna/palm grove zone. One positive county for Ae. aegypti was located in each of the following: alluvial fields, forest/palm grove, and sand dune/shoals areas. The Ae. aegypti-positive household rates were higher in the Amazonia of Maranhão (3.5%) and on São Luís Island (2.5%), because they are the most heavily traveled migratory and trade routes between Maranhão and neighboring states and are also the State's main economic centers. Household infestation rates for Ae. aegypti and reported dengue case rates were higher during the rainy season, showing the importance of rain in forming prime breeding sites for Aedes and spreading dengue.
Assuntos
Aedes , Dengue/epidemiologia , Insetos Vetores , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Umidade , Características de ResidênciaRESUMO
This article presents a list of ten sandfly species from the genus Lutzomyia França, 1924 found in the counties of Aldeias Altas, Capinzal do Norte, Caxias, Codó, Coelho Neto, Timbiras, Timon and Tuntum in northeastern Maranhão, Brazil. Presence of sandflies was associated with cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Some 377 specimens were captured indoors with CDC light traps and 1491 specimens in the peridomicile. The species were: Lutzomyia cortelezii, Lutzomyia evandroi, Lutzomyia goiana, Lutzomyia intermedia, Lutzomyia lenti, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia longipennis, Lutzomyia squamiventris, Lutzomyia termitophila and Lutzomyia whitmani. The most abundant species was L. longipalpis (67. 4% and 70.2%) followed by L. whitmani (31.0% and 24.7%). L. longipalpis was captured both indoors and outdoors in all the months studied.
Assuntos
Doenças Endêmicas , Insetos Vetores , Psychodidae/classificação , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Children with encopresis (costiveness) have a social problem, and (BFB) offers them a valid therapeutic alternative. The present prospective study compares the advantages of this technique with conventional treatment in 21 patients, with average ages of 10.13 and 8.54 years in each group. The patients were studied by clinical, manometric and electromyographic parameters. Those treated with BFB showed clinical improvement, with manometric significant enhancement (p < 0.001) of the percentage of internal anal sphincter (IAE) relaxation, relaxation interval of the IAE and rectal sensation threshold (RST), on the other hand, patients treated by conventional therapy only improved the RST (p < 0.01). Biofeedback seems useful in the treatment of the child with encopresis.