RESUMO
Bacterial diseases are important factors that limit productivity in aquaculture. To reduce negative economic impacts, fish farmers use antimicrobials, often indiscriminately, and this action has led to bacterial resistance to drugs. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify the main putative pathogenic bacterial species in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), establish the profile of resistance to antimicrobials by the methods of disc diffusion, and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Two hundred and ninety asymptomatic fish were collected between March and November 2015 from ten fish farms in the Amazonas state (Brazil). Of the total strains recovered from tambaqui, seven were identified as Aeromonas spp. by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. These seven isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, 28% to erythromycin, and 28% to sulfonamide. Additionally, the seven isolates showed a MIC higher than the range evaluated for amoxicillin, penicillin, novobiocin, tylosin tartrate, and clindamycin, and 85% showed resistance to erythromycin. The results of this study indicate the need to increase the awareness of fish farmers and, most importantly, the government, about the lack of drug regulations for use in aquaculture, and good management practices, so the indiscriminate prophylactic and systemic use of antimicrobials be inhibited.
Assuntos
Aeromonas , Caraciformes , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Aeromonas/genética , Brasil , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Eritromicina , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is one of the concerns of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and has been related to myelin loss. Different neuroimaging methods have been used to quantify myelin and relate it to cognitive dysfunctions, among them Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR), Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), and, more recently, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with 11C-PIB. OBJECTIVE: To investigate different myelin imaging modalities as predictors of cognitive dysfunction. METHODS: Fifty-one MS patients and 24 healthy controls underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessment and MTR, DTI (Axial Diffusion-AD and Fractional Anisotropy-FA maps), and 11C-PIB PET images in a PET/MR hybrid system. RESULTS: MTR and DTI(FA) differed in patients with or without cognitive impairment. There was an association of DTI(FA) and DTI(AD) with cognition and psychomotor speed for progressive MS, and of 11C-PIB uptake and MTR for relapsing-remitting MS. MTR in the Thalamus (ß= -0.51, p = 0.021) and Corpus Callosum (ß= -0.24, p = 0.033) were predictive of cognitive impairment. DTI-FA in the Caudate (ß= -26.93, p = 0.006) presented abnormal predictive result. CONCLUSION: Lower myelin content by 11C-PIB uptake was associated with worse cognitive status. MTR was predictive of cognitive impairment in MS.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Esclerose Múltipla Crônica Progressiva , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Bainha de Mielina , Tomografia por Emissão de PósitronsRESUMO
Bacterial diseases are important factors that limit productivity in aquaculture. To reduce negative economic impacts, fish farmers use antimicrobials, often indiscriminately, and this action has led to bacterial resistance to drugs. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify the main putative pathogenic bacterial species in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), establish the profile of resistance to antimicrobials by the methods of disc diffusion, and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Two hundred and ninety asymptomatic fish were collected between March and November 2015 from ten fish farms in the Amazonas state (Brazil). Of the total strains recovered from tambaqui, seven were identified as Aeromonas spp. by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. These seven isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, 28% to erythromycin, and 28% to sulfonamide. Additionally, the seven isolates showed a MIC higher than the range evaluated for amoxicillin, penicillin, novobiocin, tylosin tartrate, and clindamycin, and 85% showed resistance to erythromycin. The results of this study indicate the need to increase the awareness of fish farmers and, most importantly, the government, about the lack of drug regulations for use in aquaculture, and good management practices, so the indiscriminate prophylactic and systemic use of antimicrobials be inhibited.
As doenças bacterianas são fatores importantes que limitam a produtividade na aquicultura. Para reduzir os impactos econômicos negativos, os piscicultores utilizam antimicrobianos, muitas vezes de forma indiscriminada, e essa ação tem levado à resistência bacteriana aos medicamentos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram isolar e identificar as principais bactérias com potencial putativo para o tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), e estabelecer o perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos pelos métodos de difusão em disco e valores de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). Duzentos e noventa peixes assintomáticos foram coletados entre março e novembro de 2015, em dez pisciculturas do estado do Amazonas (Brasil). Do total de cepas recuperadas de tambaqui, sete foram identificadas como Aeromonas spp. pelo sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. Esses sete isolados apresentaram resistência à ampicilina, 28% à eritromicina e 28% à sulfonamida. Além disso, os sete isolados apresentaram CIM superior à faixa avaliada para amoxicilina, penicilina, novobiocina, tartarato de tilosina e clindamicina, e 85% apresentaram resistência à eritromicina. Os resultados deste estudo indicam a necessidade de aumentar a conscientização dos piscicultores e, principalmente, do poder público, a falta de regulamentação de medicamentos para uso na aquicultura e sobre as boas práticas de manejo, para que o uso profilático e sistêmico de antimicrobianos de forma indiscriminada seja inibido.
Assuntos
Animais , Aeromonas/isolamento & purificação , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Peixes/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/imunologia , PesqueirosRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study sought to evaluate in vitro the effect of a dentifrice containing sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) combined or not with low fluoride (500 ppm NaF) on dentine erosion of intrinsic origin. METHODS: Human root dentine blocks were selected based on surface microhardness and randomly allocated into five groups (n = 12): negative control (0 ppm F; no TMP); F500 (500 ppm NaF); F1500 (1500 ppm NaF-positive control); TMP (1% TMP); and F + TMP (500 ppm NaF + 1% TMP). The blocks were submitted to erosion cycles (3 ×/day) for 3 days (0.01 M HCl, pH 1.5-30 s), treatment (1 min-1:3 p/p dentifrice/distilled water) and remineralization (artificial saliva/120 min). Dentine alterations were determined according to the percentage of microhardness loss (%HL), surface loss (SL) and surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The values of SL and %HL in each group were, respectively: negative control (1.36 ± 0.36; 57.29 ± 14.14), F500 (1.46 ± 0.28; 65.66 ± 5.11), F1500 (1.52 ± 0.36; 61.66 ± 5.15), TMP (1.45 ± 0.45; 62.08 ± 3.83) and F + TMP (1.38 ± 0.42; 63.38 ± 6.47). There was no statistically significant difference in all the parameters (p = 0.873 and p = 0.152). CONCLUSION: The dentifrices containing TMP combined or not with fluoride were not able to prevent dentine erosion.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Fluoretos , Polifosfatos/farmacologia , Erosão Dentária , Cremes Dentais , Esmalte Dentário , Dentina , Dureza , Humanos , Distribuição Aleatória , Fluoreto de Sódio , Erosão Dentária/prevenção & controleRESUMO
A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da carne de tambaqui com diferentes pesos de abate. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro tambaquis, entre 1,0 e 3,5 kg. O peso ao abate não afetou o pH da carne (6,42), a cor para luminosidade (L*), intensidade de vermelho (a*) e amarelo (b*), respectivamente, com médias de 62,00; 2,86 e 15,57; e os atributos sensoriais aparência (7,41), sabor (7,25), textura (7,40) e aceitação global (7,24). A perda de peso por gotejamento e descongelamento e a capacidade de retenção de água da carne de tambaqui foram afetados (P<0,01) pelo peso ao abate. Embora o peso de abate do tambaqui entre 1,0 e 1,5 kg apresente maiores perdas de água, as demais características qualitativas da carne não foram comprometidas.(AU)
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the meat quality of tambaqui slaughtered at different weights. Twenty-four animals were slaughtered at body weights ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 kg. The slaughter weight did not affect meat pH (6.42), luminosity (L*), red color intensity (a*) or yellow color intensity (b*) (means of 62.0, 2.86 and 15.57, respectively), nor the sensory attributes appearance (7.41), flavor (7.25), texture (7.40), and overall acceptance (7.24). Weight loss by dripping and defrosting and the water holding capacity of tambaqui meat were affected (P<0.01) by slaughter weight. Although a slaughter weight of tambaqui between 1.0 and 1.5 kg was associated with further water loss, the other meat quality traits were not compromised.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Produtos Pesqueiros/análise , Carne/análise , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Characidae , Cor , Abate de AnimaisRESUMO
A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da carne de tambaqui com diferentes pesos de abate. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro tambaquis, entre 1,0 e 3,5 kg. O peso ao abate não afetou o pH da carne (6,42), a cor para luminosidade (L*), intensidade de vermelho (a*) e amarelo (b*), respectivamente, com médias de 62,00; 2,86 e 15,57; e os atributos sensoriais aparência (7,41), sabor (7,25), textura (7,40) e aceitação global (7,24). A perda de peso por gotejamento e descongelamento e a capacidade de retenção de água da carne de tambaqui foram afetados (P<0,01) pelo peso ao abate. Embora o peso de abate do tambaqui entre 1,0 e 1,5 kg apresente maiores perdas de água, as demais características qualitativas da carne não foram comprometidas.
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the meat quality of tambaqui slaughtered at different weights. Twenty-four animals were slaughtered at body weights ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 kg. The slaughter weight did not affect meat pH (6.42), luminosity (L*), red color intensity (a*) or yellow color intensity (b*) (means of 62.0, 2.86 and 15.57, respectively), nor the sensory attributes appearance (7.41), flavor (7.25), texture (7.40), and overall acceptance (7.24). Weight loss by dripping and defrosting and the water holding capacity of tambaqui meat were affected (P<0.01) by slaughter weight. Although a slaughter weight of tambaqui between 1.0 and 1.5 kg was associated with further water loss, the other meat quality traits were not compromised.
Assuntos
Animais , Carne/análise , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Produtos Pesqueiros/análise , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Abate de Animais , Characidae , CorRESUMO
Objective. To elaborate curves of longitudinal reference intervals of pulsatility index (PI) and systolic velocity (SV) for uterine (UtA), umbilical (UA), and middle cerebral arteries (MCA), in low risk pregnancies. Methods. Doppler velocimetric measurements of PI and SV from 63 low risk pregnant women between 16 and 41 weeks of gestational age. Means (±SD) for intervals of gestational age and percentiles 5, 50, and 95 were calculated for each parameter. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were also estimated for assessing intra- and intervariability of measurements. Results. Mean PI of UtA showed decreasing values during pregnancy, but no regular pattern was identified for mean SV. For UA, PI decreased and SV increased along gestation. MCA presented PI increasing values until 32-35 weeks. SV showed higher levels with increasing gestation. High ICC values indicated good reproducibility. Conclusions. Reference intervals for the assessment of SV and PI of UtA, UA, and MCA were established. These reference intervals showed how a normal pregnancy is expected to progress regarding these Doppler velocimetric parameters and are useful to follow high risk pregnancies. The comparison between results using different curves may provide insights about the best patterns to be used.
Assuntos
Hemodinâmica , Artéria Cerebral Média/diagnóstico por imagem , Gravidez/sangue , Artérias Umbilicais/citologia , Artéria Uterina/diagnóstico por imagem , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reologia , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Ultrassonografia Pré-NatalRESUMO
Avaliou-se a suplementação de prebiótico (mananoligossacarídeo - 2g/kg), probiótico (Bacillus subtilis, Cohn, 1872, Bacillales, Bacillaceae - 2g/kg) e simbiótico (mananoligossacarídeo - 2g/kg + B. subtilis - 2g/kg), em rações para larvas de Trichogaster leeri (Bleeker, 1852, Perciformes, Osphronemidae), durante a transição alimentar, sobre o crescimento, a sobrevivência, a morfometria intestinal e a resistência ao estresse por exposição aérea. Para isso, 420 larvas (0,45±0,05mg) foram distribuídas em 20 aquários (3,5L), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, durante 28 dias, a saber: 12 dias de alimento vivo (AV) + oito dias de coalimentação (AV + ração controle) + oito dias de ração controle; 12 dias de AV + oito dias de coalimentação (AV + ração prebiótico) + oito dias de ração prebiótico; 12 dias de AV + oito dias de coalimentação (AV + ração probiótico) + oito dias de ração probiótico; 12 dias de AV + oito dias de coalimentação (AV + ração simbiótico) + oito dias de ração simbiótico; 28 dias de AV. Larvas que receberam apenas AV apresentaram resultados de desempenho zootécnico significativamente superiores às larvas dos demais tratamentos, exceto para taxa de crescimento específico em comprimento e sobrevivência, que foram semelhantes aos resultados obtidos por larvas que receberam rações suplementadas com simbiótico. Larvas que receberam a ração controle apresentaram resultados significativamente inferiores para altura das vilosidades intestinais e taxa de resistência ao estresse comparando-se aos demais tratamentos. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a suplementação com prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico exerce efeito positivo sobre a sobrevivência, a morfometria intestinal e a resistência ao estresse em larvas de T. leeri, no entanto somente a suplementação com simbiótico resulta em melhora no crescimento.(AU)
The prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharide - 2g/kg), probiotic (Bacillus subtilis Cohn, 1872, Bacillales, Bacillaceae - 2g/kg) and symbiotic (mannan oligosaccharide - 2g/kg + Bacillus subtilis - 2g/kg) supplementation in diets during food transition in Trichogaster leeri (Bleeker, 1852, Perciformes, Osphronemidae) larvae on growth, survival, intestinal morphology and stress resistance to air exposure was evaluated. For this, 420 larvae (0.45±0.05mg) were distributed in 20 aquaria (3.5L) in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications for 28 days, namely: 12 days of live food (LF) + eight days of co-feeding (LF + control diet) + eight days of control diet; 12 days of LF + eight days of co-feeding (LF + prebiotic feed) + eight days of prebiotic feed; 12 days of LF + eight days of co-feeding (LF + probiotic feed) + eight days of probiotic feed; 12 days of LF + eight days of co-feeding (LF + symbiotic feed) + eight days symbiotic feed; 28 days of LF. Larvae fed only LF showed growth performance significantly higher than the larvae of other treatments, except for specific growth rate in length and survival that were similar to the results obtained by larvae fed diets symbiotically supplemented. Larvae fed the control diet showed significantly lower results for height of intestinal villi and stress resistance rate comparing to other treatments. The results of this study indicate that prebiotic, probiotic and symbiotic supplementation has a positive effect on survival, intestinal morphology and resistance to stress in larvae of T. leeri, however, only symbiotic supplementation results in improved growth.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bacillus subtilis , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Prebióticos , Probióticos , Simbióticos , Peixes , Transição NutricionalRESUMO
Avaliou-se a suplementação de prebiótico (mananoligossacarídeo - 2g/kg), probiótico (Bacillus subtilis, Cohn, 1872, Bacillales, Bacillaceae - 2g/kg) e simbiótico (mananoligossacarídeo - 2g/kg + B. subtilis - 2g/kg), em rações para larvas de Trichogaster leeri (Bleeker, 1852, Perciformes, Osphronemidae), durante a transição alimentar, sobre o crescimento, a sobrevivência, a morfometria intestinal e a resistência ao estresse por exposição aérea. Para isso, 420 larvas (0,45±0,05mg) foram distribuídas em 20 aquários (3,5L), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, durante 28 dias, a saber: 12 dias de alimento vivo (AV) + oito dias de coalimentação (AV + ração controle) + oito dias de ração controle; 12 dias de AV + oito dias de coalimentação (AV + ração prebiótico) + oito dias de ração prebiótico; 12 dias de AV + oito dias de coalimentação (AV + ração probiótico) + oito dias de ração probiótico; 12 dias de AV + oito dias de coalimentação (AV + ração simbiótico) + oito dias de ração simbiótico; 28 dias de AV. Larvas que receberam apenas AV apresentaram resultados de desempenho zootécnico significativamente superiores às larvas dos demais tratamentos, exceto para taxa de crescimento específico em comprimento e sobrevivência, que foram semelhantes aos resultados obtidos por larvas que receberam rações suplementadas com simbiótico. Larvas que receberam a ração controle apresentaram resultados significativamente inferiores para altura das vilosidades intestinais e taxa de resistência ao estresse comparando-se aos demais tratamentos. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a suplementação com prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico exerce efeito positivo sobre a sobrevivência, a morfometria intestinal e a resistência ao estresse em larvas de T. leeri, no entanto somente a suplementação com simbiótico resulta em melhora no crescimento.(AU)
The prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharide - 2g/kg), probiotic (Bacillus subtilis Cohn, 1872, Bacillales, Bacillaceae - 2g/kg) and symbiotic (mannan oligosaccharide - 2g/kg + Bacillus subtilis - 2g/kg) supplementation in diets during food transition in Trichogaster leeri (Bleeker, 1852, Perciformes, Osphronemidae) larvae on growth, survival, intestinal morphology and stress resistance to air exposure was evaluated. For this, 420 larvae (0.45±0.05mg) were distributed in 20 aquaria (3.5L) in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications for 28 days, namely: 12 days of live food (LF) + eight days of co-feeding (LF + control diet) + eight days of control diet; 12 days of LF + eight days of co-feeding (LF + prebiotic feed) + eight days of prebiotic feed; 12 days of LF + eight days of co-feeding (LF + probiotic feed) + eight days of probiotic feed; 12 days of LF + eight days of co-feeding (LF + symbiotic feed) + eight days symbiotic feed; 28 days of LF. Larvae fed only LF showed growth performance significantly higher than the larvae of other treatments, except for specific growth rate in length and survival that were similar to the results obtained by larvae fed diets symbiotically supplemented. Larvae fed the control diet showed significantly lower results for height of intestinal villi and stress resistance rate comparing to other treatments. The results of this study indicate that prebiotic, probiotic and symbiotic supplementation has a positive effect on survival, intestinal morphology and resistance to stress in larvae of T. leeri, however, only symbiotic supplementation results in improved growth.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bacillus subtilis , Probióticos , Prebióticos , Simbióticos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Transição Nutricional , PeixesRESUMO
Piper claussenianum inflorescences crude methanol extract was tested for hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The blood glucose levels of rats treated with methanol extract were reduced from 318.4±28.1 mg/dl before treatment to 174.2±38.3 mg/dl after 12 days of treatment (P<0.05). Phytochemical studies were carried out on inflorescences methanol crude extract in order to investigate the possible metabolites responsible for the pharmacological properties of the extract. After chromatographic procedures, three flavonoids were isolated and characterized. The major compound 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone was also tested. Rats that received the chalcone content also displayed a reduction in blood glucose levels from 277.4±7.7 mg/dl before treatment to 158.8±9.2 mg/dl after 12 days of treatment (P<0.05). The results suggest this chalcone is one of the metabolite responsible for the blood glucose levels reduction in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The inflorescence crude extract of P. claussenianum was found to be composed mainly by flavonoids and may be a potential natural source of compounds with hypoglycemic properties.
RESUMO
Avaliou-se a influência da densidade de estocagem no desenvolvimento inicial do acará-bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare). O desempenho produtivo foi avaliado pelo ganho de peso (GP), ganho de comprimento total (GCT), ganho de comprimento padrão (GCP), ganho de altura (GA), taxa de crescimento específico (TCE), taxa de desenvolvimento específico (TDE) e sobrevivência (S). Para realização do experimento, foram utilizadas 300 pós-larvas de peso médio inicial de 0,0012g, comprimento total médio de 4,11±0,93mm, altura média inicial de 4,84±0,87mm e comprimento padrão médio de 1,54±0,25mm. Essas foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos (T) foram constituídos por cinco diferentes densidades de estocagem, em que T1: 5 pós-larvas L-1; T2: 10 pós-larvas L-1; T3: 15 pós-larvas L-1; T4: 20 pós-larvas L-1; T5: 25 pós-larvas L-1. A densidade de 5 pós-larvas L-1 foi a que proporcionou o maior valor para crescimento. Contudo, essa densidade subestimou a utilização do espaço se comparada com a produtividade final da densidade de 15 pós-larvas L-1.
The influence of stocking density in the initial development of angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) was evaluated. The productive performance was evaluated by weight gain (WG) gain length (GCT), standard length gain (GCP), height gain (GH), specific growth rate (TCE), specific development rate (TDE) and survival (S). For the experiment we used a total of 300 post-larvae angelfish with initial body weight of 0.0012 g, total length of 4.11±0.93mm, initial height of 4.84±0.87mm, and average standard length of 1.54±0.25mm. These were distributed in a completely randomized design in five treatments with four replications. The treatments consisted of five different stocking densities where T1: 5 post-larvae L-1, T2: 10 post-larvae L-1, T3: 15 post-larvae L-1, T4: 20 post-larvae L-1, T5: 25 post-larvae L-1. The physical and chemical water parameters were monitored daily. The density of post-larvae 5 L-1 was the one that gave the highest growth values. However, despite the post-larvae 5 L-1 density having provided larger animals, the density underestimates the use of space compared to the final productivity of the 15 post-larvae L-1density.
Assuntos
Animais , Peixes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Criação de Animais DomésticosRESUMO
Avaliou-se a influência da densidade de estocagem no desenvolvimento inicial do acará-bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare). O desempenho produtivo foi avaliado pelo ganho de peso (GP), ganho de comprimento total (GCT), ganho de comprimento padrão (GCP), ganho de altura (GA), taxa de crescimento específico (TCE), taxa de desenvolvimento específico (TDE) e sobrevivência (S). Para realização do experimento, foram utilizadas 300 pós-larvas de peso médio inicial de 0,0012g, comprimento total médio de 4,11±0,93mm, altura média inicial de 4,84±0,87mm e comprimento padrão médio de 1,54±0,25mm. Essas foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos (T) foram constituídos por cinco diferentes densidades de estocagem, em que T1: 5 pós-larvas L-1; T2: 10 pós-larvas L-1; T3: 15 pós-larvas L-1; T4: 20 pós-larvas L-1; T5: 25 pós-larvas L-1. A densidade de 5 pós-larvas L-1 foi a que proporcionou o maior valor para crescimento. Contudo, essa densidade subestimou a utilização do espaço se comparada com a produtividade final da densidade de 15 pós-larvas L-1.(AU)
The influence of stocking density in the initial development of angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) was evaluated. The productive performance was evaluated by weight gain (WG) gain length (GCT), standard length gain (GCP), height gain (GH), specific growth rate (TCE), specific development rate (TDE) and survival (S). For the experiment we used a total of 300 post-larvae angelfish with initial body weight of 0.0012 g, total length of 4.11±0.93mm, initial height of 4.84±0.87mm, and average standard length of 1.54±0.25mm. These were distributed in a completely randomized design in five treatments with four replications. The treatments consisted of five different stocking densities where T1: 5 post-larvae L-1, T2: 10 post-larvae L-1, T3: 15 post-larvae L-1, T4: 20 post-larvae L-1, T5: 25 post-larvae L-1. The physical and chemical water parameters were monitored daily. The density of post-larvae 5 L-1 was the one that gave the highest growth values. However, despite the post-larvae 5 L-1 density having provided larger animals, the density underestimates the use of space compared to the final productivity of the 15 post-larvae L-1density.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Peixes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Criação de Animais DomésticosRESUMO
Neuromyelitis optica has not been thoroughly studied in Brazilian patients following the discovery of NMO-IgG and its specific antigen aquaporin-4. In this study we aimed to describe the clinical NMO-IgG immunological status and neuroimaging characteristics of recurrent neuromyelitis optica in a series Brazilian patients. We undertook a retrospective study of 28 patients with recurrent neuromyelitis optica, according to 1999 Wingerchuk's diagnostic criteria. Data on NMO-IgG status, clinical features, and MRI findings were analyzed. Three men and 25 women were evaluated. Median age at onset of disease was 26 years (range 7-55); median time of follow-up was 7 years (range 2-14). The mean time elapsed between the first and the second attack was 17 months (median 8.5; range 2-88). NMO-IgG was detected in 18 patients (64.3%). Four patients died due to respiratory failure. Most patients presented with cervical (36%) and cervical-thoracic myelitis (46.4%). Holocord lesion was the most common pattern of involvement (50%) on the axial plane. We did not find a statistical association between myelitis extension and NMO-IgG result. Our series of Brazilian patients showed a younger age of onset than previously reported. In our series, in contrast to previous reports, there was no correlation between the extension of myelitis and NMO-IgG positivity.
Assuntos
Neuromielite Óptica/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Encéfalo/patologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Estudos Longitudinais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuromielite Óptica/epidemiologia , Neuromielite Óptica/imunologia , Recidiva , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The goal of this investigation was to compare, histologically and histometrically, the healing process of dehiscence-type defects treated by guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with bioabsorbable polylactic acid (PLA) membranes and non-resorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTF) membranes. METHODS: Six mongrel dogs were used. Buccal osseous dehiscences were surgically created on the distal roots of the mandibular third and fourth premolars. The defects were exposed to plaque accumulation for 3 months. After this period, the defects were randomly assigned to one of the treatments: GTR with bioabsorbable membrane (PLA), GTR with non-resorbable membrane (ePTFE), open flap debridement (OFD), and non-treated control (NTC). After 3 months of healing, the dogs were sacrificed and the blocks were processed. The histometric parameters evaluated included: gingival recession, epithelial length, connective tissue adaptation, new cementum, and new bone area. RESULTS: A superior length of new cementum was observed in the sites treated by GTR, regardless of the type of barrier used, in comparison with OFD (P <0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between PLA and ePTFE in any of the parameters with the exception of bone area. PLA presented a greater bone area when compared to ePTFE, OFD, and NTC (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that both barriers are equally effective for new cementum formation. The bioabsorbable membrane may provide a greater bone area than the non-resorbable membrane.
Assuntos
Implantes Absorvíveis , Perda do Osso Alveolar/cirurgia , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada Periodontal , Membranas Artificiais , Perda do Osso Alveolar/patologia , Processo Alveolar/patologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Tecido Conjuntivo/patologia , Desbridamento , Cemento Dentário/patologia , Placa Dentária/fisiopatologia , Cães , Epitélio/patologia , Feminino , Retração Gengival/patologia , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada Periodontal/instrumentação , Ácido Láctico/química , Ligamento Periodontal/patologia , Poliésteres , Polímeros/química , Politetrafluoretileno/química , Distribuição Aleatória , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Raiz Dentária/patologia , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The goal of this investigation was to histologically and histometrically evaluate the healing process of gingival recessions treated by guided tissue regeneration with bioabsorbable polylactic acid membranes (GTR group) and to compare it to that obtained with coronally positioned flaps (CPF group). METHODS: Gingival recessions were surgically created on the buccal aspect of the upper cuspids of 5 mongrel dogs. The defects (5x7 mm) were exposed to plaque accumulation for 3 months. The contralateral defects were then randomly assigned to each group. After 3 months of healing, the dogs were sacrificed and the blocks were processed. The histometric parameters evaluated included length of sulcular and junctional epithelium, connective tissue adaptation, new cementum, new bone, and defect coverage. RESULTS: The extension of the epithelium was 1.9 +/- 0.8 mm for the GTR-group and 3.0 +/- 0.9 mm for the CPF-group (P = 0.16). The connective tissue adaptation was 0.1 +/- 0.1 and 0.8 +/- 0.5 mm in the GTR group and CPF group, respectively (P = 0.051). The new cementum was 3.8 +/- 1.5 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.3 mm in the GTR group and CPF group, respectively (P= 0.16). Bone formation was 1.1 +/- 0.5 mm in the GTR group and 1.4 +/- 0.2 mm in the CPF group (P = 0.53). Histologically, the defect coverage observed was similar, 90.5% and 91.9% for the GTR group and the CPF group, respectively. No statistical differences in any of the parameters could be detected. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that both procedures resulted in a favorable healing response with no significant difference between the treatments.
Assuntos
Implantes Absorvíveis , Retração Gengival/cirurgia , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada Periodontal/métodos , Ácido Láctico , Membranas Artificiais , Polímeros , Animais , Regeneração Óssea , Tecido Conjuntivo/fisiologia , Cemento Dentário/fisiologia , Cães , Inserção Epitelial/fisiologia , Epitélio/fisiologia , Feminino , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/fisiopatologia , Poliésteres , Distribuição Aleatória , Regeneração , Retalhos CirúrgicosRESUMO
Central nervous system involvement by tuberculosis presents two main types: tuberculosis meningitis or tuberculoma. This second condition has nowadays ideal conditions for development. We report three patients who developed paradoxical brain tuberculosis expansive lesion during the use of tuberculostatic drugs. The cases point out the importance of tomography follow up of patients who present neurological signs in the course of treatment for tuberculosis. The first two patients presented onset of the a neurological symptoms, associated with lung tuberculosis. The third patient previously had tuberculous meningitis. Computerized tomography was used to follow up these patients. Tuberculostatic and corticoid drugs were used for treatment.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Encefalopatias/microbiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/microbiologia , Tuberculoma Intracraniano/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Radiografia , Tuberculoma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Tuberculose Meníngea/complicações , Tuberculose Meníngea/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/complicações , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Brazilian Cracidae are threatened by heavy environmental degradation and hunting. The Black-fronted piping-guan (Pipile jacutinga) used to inhabit the Atlantic coastal highland forests. Now it occurs in limited forest areas where it is rarely seen. Interative management, including captive breeding, might be an important action for its survival. We present data on DNA fingerprinting using Jeffreys' human minisatellite probes 33.6 and 33.15. Our results show that this technique is useful for estimating the genetic variability of natural populations and may help to maintain the genetic variability of captive bred individuals of this species. A linkage analysis of the fingerprint profiles in a family with 7 chicks was performed (to estimate the number of independently segregating loci detected in this species) and at least 16 highly polymorphic independent loci were identified for each probe.