RESUMO
Our aim was to identify the relationship between mozzarella cheese yield and buffalo milk composition, processing factors, and recovery of whey constituents. A production of 30 batches of mozzarella cheese at a dairy industry in northeast Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte) was monitored between March and November 2015. Mozzarella yield and 32 other variables were observed for each batch, and divided into 3 groups: milk composition variables (12); variables involved in the cheesemaking process (14); and variables for recovery of whey constituents (6). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and principal component analysis. Most of the correlations between milk composition variables and between the variables of the manufacturing processes were not significant. Significant correlations were mostly observed between variables for recovery of whey constituents. Yield only showed significant correlation with time elapsed between curd cuttings and age of the starter culture, and it showed greater association with age of the starter culture, time elapsed between curd cuttings, and during stretching, as well as with milk pH and density. Thus, processing factors and milk characteristics are closely related to dairy efficiency in mozzarella manufacturing.
Assuntos
Queijo , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Manipulação de Alimentos , Leite/química , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/análise , Animais , Brasil , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo , Soro do LeiteRESUMO
The common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is predominantly grown on small farms and lacks accurate genotype recommendations for specific micro-regions in Brazil. This contributes to a low national average yield. The aim of this study was to use the methods of the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genetic values (HMRPGV) and the centroid, for selecting common bean genotypes with high yield, adaptability, and stability for the Cerrado/Pantanal ecotone region in Brazil. We evaluated 11 common bean genotypes in three trials carried out in the dry season in Aquidauana in 2013, 2014, and 2015. A likelihood ratio test detected a significant interaction between genotype x year, contributing 54% to the total phenotypic variation in grain yield. The three genotypes selected by the joint analysis of genotypic values in all years (Carioca Precoce, BRS Notável, and CNFC 15875) were the same as those recommended by the HMRPGV method. Using the centroid method, genotypes BRS Notável and CNFC 15875 were considered ideal genotypes based on their high stability to unfavorable environments and high responsiveness to environmental improvement. We identified a high association between the methods of adaptability and stability used in this study. However, the use of centroid method provided a more accurate and precise recommendation of the behavior of the evaluated genotypes.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Modelos Genéticos , Phaseolus/genética , Seleção Genética , Brasil , Genótipo , Funções Verossimilhança , Análise Multivariada , Análise de Componente Principal , Tempo (Meteorologia)RESUMO
Objetivo. Investigar inmunológicamente niños con problemas respiratorios de asma y/o rinitis (atópicos o no atópicos) en la búsqueda de evidencias que permitan una mejor comprensión del desbalance que padecen estos niños en su sistema inmune. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 47 niños de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 15 años, que concurrieron a la consulta por afecciones respiratorias compatibles con asma y/o rinitis a la División de Alergia e Inmunología del Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad de la Ciudad de Córdoba. Según la información obtenida en la anamnesis, examen físico y prick tests, fueron divididos en dos grupos: atópicos (n=25) y no atópicos (n=22). Luego que los padres firmaron el consentimiento informado y los niños mayores a 7 años dieron su asentimiento para participar del trabajo de investigación, se tomaron muestras de sangre y saliva, para determinar concentración y actividad específica en inmunoglobulinas (Igs) así como estudiar poblaciones leucocitarias y subpoblaciones linfocitarias. Resultados. Como era previsible, los niveles de IgE sérica total y los porcentajes relativos de eosinófilos sanguíneos se mostraron significativamente elevados en el grupo de los niños atópicos (A) con respecto a los no atópicos (NA). El estudio de IgE sérica específica para Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus solo arrojó resultados positivos en los pacientes A y se observó una correlación significativa entre los niveles de IgE total y específica para dicho alérgeno, y entre los niveles de prick y RAST. Los niveles séricos de IgG e IgA no demostraron diferencias de significación entre ambos grupos. El estudio de la IgA salival (IgAs) total permitió observar en el grupo de los niños NA concentraciones significativamente mayores que las correspondientes al grupo de pacientes A. Sin embargo, al estudiar la IgAs específica para el D. pteronyssinus, se observó lo inverso: los pacientes A tienen casi el doble de IgAs específica para el alérgeno respecto del grupo NA. En el estudio de subpoblaciones de células T (CD3, CD4 y CD8), no se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Las subpoblaciones de linfocitos B CD27-y linfocitos B CD27+ tuvieron valores similares en ambos grupos (aproximadamente 80% y 20%, respectivamente). En ambos grupos, alrededor de un 50% de los linfocitos B CD27+ expresaron IgD y el 50% restante fueron IgD. Sin embargo, el grupo de niños A tuvo dos veces menos de linfocitos B que expresan alta densidad de la molécula CD27 (CD27+++) con respecto a los niños NA (p=0,044). Conclusión. Entre los parámetros inmunológicos investigados encontramos diferencias significativas entre niños A y NA en las concentraciones totales y específicas para el D. pteronyssinus en los isotipos de IgE e IgAs, y en una subpoblación de linfocitos B CD27+++. Dichos hallazgos son analizados en la discusión del manuscrito. (AU)
Purpose. To perform an immunologically investigation in children with respiratory problems of asthma and/or rhinitis (atopic or non atopic) in order to get a better understanding of the immune system imbalance in these patients. Materials and methods. 47 children of both sexes, aged between 6 and 15 years, who were attended for respiratory diseases at the Division of Allergy and Immunology at Children's Hospital de la Santísima Trinidad from Córdoba city were studied. According to information obtained on clinical history, physical examination and prick tests they were divided into two groups: Atopics (n=25) and non-atopic (n=22). After parents signed informed consent and children over 7 years assent to participate in the research work, samples of blood and saliva were taken to determine immune globulins concentrations and specific activities as well as to study leukocyte populations and lymphocytes subpopulations. Results. As expected, levels of total serum IgE and the relative percentages of blood eosinophils were significantly higher in the group of atopic (A) children with regard to non¬atopic (NA) children. The study of specific serum IgE for Dermatophagoides pteronissynus only showed positive results in the A group, and positive correlations between the levels of total and specific IgE, as well as prick and RAST values. Serum IgG and IgA levels showed no significant differences between both groups. Total salivary IgA concentrations were significantly higher in the group of NA children than in the group of A patients. Surprisingly, when specific salivary IgA for D. pteronyssinus was studied, the opposite was observed: Atopic patients have nearly twice specific salivary IgA for this allergen than the NA children. In the study of T cells subpopulations (CD3, CD4 and CD8), no significant differences between groups were observed. The subpopulations of CD27-B cells and CD27+ B cells were similar in both groups (roughly 80% and 20%, respectively). In both groups, approximately 50% of CD27+ B cells expressed IgD and the remaining 50% were IgD. However, atopic children had less than half B cells expressing high density of CD27 molecule (CD27+++) with respect to the NA children (p=0.044). Conclusion: Among the immunological parameters investigated, we found significant differences between A and NA children in the concentrations of total and specific IgE and salivary IgA to the allergen, and in a subpopulation of CD27+++ B cells. These findings are debated in the discussion of the manuscript(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Saliva , Imunoglobulina A , Imunoglobulina E , Sistema Imunitário , Asma , Rinite , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinusRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: A liver transplantation is the first choice of treatment for patients with hepatic insufficiency due to chronic diseases. Infections in the postoperative period represent one of the main causes of mortality in these cases. However, few articles have evaluated the predominance of certain infectious diseases and their influence on postoperative mortality. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 236 patients who underwent liver transplantation from January 1997 to January 2007. In these records we checked the serological profiles for these diseases: toxoplasmosis, syphilis, human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) I and II infection, Chagas disease, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, paracoccidioidomycosis, tuberculosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]). The statistical analysis was performed by table frequencies. RESULTS: CMV showed positivity (CMV-IgG) in 94.7% of patients, 95.8% for EBV, 33.3% for toxoplasmosis, 47.9% for hepatitis C, and 5% for hepatitis B. CONCLUSION: Our analysis showed the importance of serological investigations and diagnostic examinations before the transplantation procedure, seeking to minimize possible reactivation of the disease after the use of immunosuppression drugs, particularly in the first 6 months after transplantation, or even to avoid a primary infection.
Assuntos
Hepatopatias/sangue , Transplante de Fígado/fisiologia , Adulto , Doença de Chagas/sangue , Feminino , Infecções por HTLV-I/sangue , Infecções por HTLV-I/complicações , Infecções por HTLV-II/sangue , Infecções por HTLV-II/complicações , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/cirurgia , Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C/cirurgia , Humanos , Hepatopatias/complicações , Hepatopatias/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Fígado/mortalidade , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sífilis/sangue , Sífilis/complicações , Toxoplasmose/sangue , Toxoplasmose/complicaçõesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Anxiety can be considered an emotional state that does not present itself at the same intensity in all patients, and can be classified into 3 levels: mild, moderate, and severe. The patient, upon entering the waiting list for transplantation, reflects on the decision taken, which leaves him constantly anxious about the idea of possible death. OBJECTIVE: This study had the aim of evaluating the degree of anxiety observed in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) candidates and whether there was a correlation between anxiety and etiologic diagnosis. METHODS: This study was a prospective study where the patients underwent psychological evaluation by Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The anxiety level was minimal, mild, moderate, or severe. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and etiology were recorded. RESULTS: The level of anxiety found were as follows: 55% minimal, 27% mild, 12% moderate, and 7% severe. The correlation between level of anxiety and etiologic diagnosis showed that 71% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 60% of those with liver cancer showed a minimal degree of anxiety and 27% of patients with autoimmune cirrhosis had severe anxiety. CONCLUSION: We found that in patients with autoimmune hepatitis, the degree of anxiety was more pronounced. It is believed that the absence of physical symptoms is an important factor when observing anxiety in OLT candidates.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/etiologia , Hepatite Autoimune/psicologia , Falência Hepática/psicologia , Falência Hepática/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado/psicologia , Listas de Espera , Adulto , Idoso , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Tomada de Decisões , Medo , Feminino , Hepatite Autoimune/cirurgia , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/psicologia , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/psicologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Masculino , Estado Civil , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ocupações , Estudos Prospectivos , Aposentadoria , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Desemprego , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of fruits and seeds as food items in the natural diet of the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). During one year, tambaqui's stomach contents were collected, and their nutritional and energetic values were determined. During the flooding period, and while the river water was rising, which coincided with a high availability of fruits and seeds, the protein content of food was low (11 percent-15 percent of dry matter basis), whereas in the dry season, when tambaqui fed mainly zooplankton, there was a high protein content (45 percent-57 percent of dry matter basis). Lipid, carbohydrate, crude fiber, ash and gross energy contents of the diet varied depending on the river water level and the food items ingested
Assuntos
Animais , Comportamento Alimentar , Peixes , Valor Nutritivo , Ingestão de Energia , Conteúdo Gastrointestinal , Estações do AnoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of fruits and seeds as food items in the natural diet of the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). During one year, tambaqui's stomach contents were collected, and their nutritional and energetic values were determined. During the flooding period, and while the river water was rising, which coincided with a high availability of fruits and seeds, the protein content of food was low (11%-15% of dry matter basis), whereas in the dry season, when tambaqui fed mainly zooplankton, there was a high protein content (45%-57% of dry matter basis). Lipid, carbohydrate, crude fiber, ash and gross energy contents of the diet varied depending on the river water level and the food items ingested.