RESUMO
Nuclear proliferation marker MIB-1 (Ki-67) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to examine tumor cell proliferation. However, the diagnostic or prognostic value of the Ki-67 nuclear staining intensity and location, defined as nuclear gradient (NG), has not been assessed. This study examined the potential association between Ki-67 NG and cell cycle phases and its effect on the prognosis of pulmonary typical carcinoid (PTC) tumors. We propose a method for classifying the NG of Ki-67 during the cell cycle and compare the results between PTC, pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAD), and breast ductal carcinoma (BDC). A literature review and objective analysis of IHC-stained paraffin sections were used to determine the Ki-67 labeling index and composed a stratification of the NG into NG1, NG2, and NG3/4 categories. A semi-automated image analysis protocol was established to determine the Ki-67 NG in PTC, PAD, and BDC. High intraobserver consistency and moderate interobserver agreement were achieved in the determination of Ki-67 NG in tumor specimens. NG1 and NG2 were lower in PTC than in PAD and BDC. Cox multivariate analysis of PTC after adjusting for age and number of metastatic lymph nodes showed that Ki-67 NG1 and NG2 significantly predicted clinical outcomes. The semi-automated method for quantification of Ki-67 nuclear immunostaining proposed in this study could become a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool in PTC.
Assuntos
Antígeno Ki-67 , Imuno-Histoquímica , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismoRESUMO
Nuclear proliferation marker MIB-1 (Ki-67) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to examine tumor cell proliferation. However, the diagnostic or prognostic value of the Ki-67 nuclear staining intensity and location, defined as nuclear gradient (NG), has not been assessed. This study examined the potential association between Ki-67 NG and cell cycle phases and its effect on the prognosis of pulmonary typical carcinoid (PTC) tumors. We propose a method for classifying the NG of Ki-67 during the cell cycle and compare the results between PTC, pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAD), and breast ductal carcinoma (BDC). A literature review and objective analysis of IHC-stained paraffin sections were used to determine the Ki-67 labeling index and composed a stratification of the NG into NG1, NG2, and NG3/4 categories. A semi-automated image analysis protocol was established to determine the Ki-67 NG in PTC, PAD, and BDC. High intraobserver consistency and moderate interobserver agreement were achieved in the determination of Ki-67 NG in tumor specimens. NG1 and NG2 were lower in PTC than in PAD and BDC. Cox multivariate analysis of PTC after adjusting for age and number of metastatic lymph nodes showed that Ki-67 NG1 and NG2 significantly predicted clinical outcomes. The semi-automated method for quantification of Ki-67 nuclear immunostaining proposed in this study could become a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool in PTC.
RESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) treatment default in a priority city for disease control in Brazil. A cohort of TB cases diagnosed from 2008 to 2009 was followed up from patients' entry into three outpatient sites, in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais (Brazil), until the recording of the outcomes. Drug addiction, alcoholism and treatment site appeared to be independently associated with default. Current users of crack as the hardest drug (odds ratio (OR) 12·25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·04-49·26) were more likely to default than other hard drug users (OR 5·67, 95% CI 1·34-24·03), former users (OR 4·12, 95% CI 1·11-15·20) and those not known to use drugs (reference group). Consumers at high risk of alcoholism (OR 2·94, 95% CI 1·08-7·99) and those treated in an outpatient hospital unit (OR 8·22, 95% CI 2·79-24·21%) also were more likely to default. Our results establish that substance abuse was independently associated with default. National TB programmes might be more likely to achieve their control targets if they include interventions aimed at improving adherence and cure rates, by diagnosing and treating substance abuse concurrently with standard TB therapy.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Alcoolismo/complicações , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Tuberculose/complicações , Tuberculose/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Exercise is known to cause a vasodilatory response; however, the correlation between the vasorelaxant response and different training intensities has not been investigated. Therefore, this study evaluated the vascular reactivity and lipid peroxidation after different intensities of swimming exercise in rats. Male Wistar rats (aged 8 weeks; 250-300 g) underwent forced swimming for 1 h whilst tied to loads of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8% of their body weight, respectively (groups G3, G4, G5, G6 and G8, respectively; n=5 each). Immediately after the test, the aorta was removed and suspended in an organ bath. Cumulative relaxation in response to acetylcholine (10−12-10−4 M) and contraction in response to phenylephrine (10−12-10−5 M) were measured. Oxidative stress was estimated by determining malondialdehyde concentration. The percentages of aorta relaxation were significantly higher in G3 (7.9±0.20), G4 (7.8±0.29), and G5 (7.9±0.21), compared to the control group (7.2±0.04), while relaxation in the G6 (7.4±0.25) and G8 (7.0±0.06) groups was similar to the control group. In contrast, the percentage of contraction was significantly higher in G6 (8.8 ±0.1) and G8 (9.7±0.29) compared to the control (7.1±0.1), G3 (7.3±0.2), G4 (7.2±0.1) and G5 (7.2±0.2%) groups. Lipid peroxidation levels in the aorta were similar to control levels in G3, G4 and G5, but higher in G6 and G8, and significantly higher in G8 (one-way ANOVA). These results indicate a reduction in vasorelaxing activity and an increase in contractile activity in rat aortas after high-intensity exercise, followed by an increase in lipid peroxidation.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Aorta/fisiologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Vasodilatação/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Aorta/metabolismo , Teste de Esforço , Coração/fisiologia , Contração Isométrica/fisiologia , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Malondialdeído/análise , Ratos Wistar , Natação/fisiologiaRESUMO
Exercise is known to cause a vasodilatory response; however, the correlation between the vasorelaxant response and different training intensities has not been investigated. Therefore, this study evaluated the vascular reactivity and lipid peroxidation after different intensities of swimming exercise in rats. Male Wistar rats (aged 8 weeks; 250-300 g) underwent forced swimming for 1 h whilst tied to loads of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8% of their body weight, respectively (groups G3, G4, G5, G6 and G8, respectively; n=5 each). Immediately after the test, the aorta was removed and suspended in an organ bath. Cumulative relaxation in response to acetylcholine (10-12-10-4 M) and contraction in response to phenylephrine (10-12-10-5 M) were measured. Oxidative stress was estimated by determining malondialdehyde concentration. The percentages of aorta relaxation were significantly higher in G3 (7.9±0.20), G4 (7.8±0.29), and G5 (7.9±0.21), compared to the control group (7.2±0.04), while relaxation in the G6 (7.4±0.25) and G8 (7.0±0.06) groups was similar to the control group. In contrast, the percentage of contraction was significantly higher in G6 (8.8 ±0.1) and G8 (9.7±0.29) compared to the control (7.1±0.1), G3 (7.3±0.2), G4 (7.2±0.1) and G5 (7.2±0.2%) groups. Lipid peroxidation levels in the aorta were similar to control levels in G3, G4 and G5, but higher in G6 and G8, and significantly higher in G8 (one-way ANOVA). These results indicate a reduction in vasorelaxing activity and an increase in contractile activity in rat aortas after high-intensity exercise, followed by an increase in lipid peroxidation.
Assuntos
Aorta/fisiologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Vasodilatação/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Aorta/metabolismo , Teste de Esforço , Coração/fisiologia , Contração Isométrica/fisiologia , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Masculino , Malondialdeído/análise , Ratos Wistar , Natação/fisiologiaRESUMO
This proof-of-concept study assessed whether the reduction of the degradation of the demineralized organic matrix (DOM) by pre-treatment with protease inhibitors (PI) is effective against dentin matrix loss. Bovine dentin slices were demineralized with 0.87 M citric acid, pH 2.3, for 36 hrs. In sequence, specimens were treated or not (UT, untreated) for 1 min with gels containing epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG, 400 µM), chlorhexidine (CHX, 0.012%), FeSO(4) (1 mM), NaF (1.23%), or no active compound (P, placebo). Specimens were then stored in artificial saliva (5 days, 37°C) with the addition of collagenase (Clostridium histolyticum, 100 U/mL). We analyzed collagen degradation by assaying hydroxyproline (HYP) in the incubation solutions (n = 5) and evaluated the dentin matrix loss by profilometry (n = 12). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Treatment with gels containing EGCG, CHX, or FeSO(4) led to significantly lower HYP concentrations in solution and dentin matrix loss when compared with the other treatments. These results strongly suggest that the preventive effects of the PI tested against dentin erosion are due to their ability to reduce the degradation of the DOM.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/uso terapêutico , Colágeno/metabolismo , Colagenases/metabolismo , Dentina/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteases/uso terapêutico , Erosão Dentária/prevenção & controle , Análise de Variância , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/uso terapêutico , Bovinos , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Compostos Ferrosos/uso terapêutico , Fluoreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Desmineralização do Dente/enzimologia , Desmineralização do Dente/prevenção & controle , Erosão Dentária/enzimologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different materials used for dentin prophylaxis on the microtensile bond strengths (µTBS) of adhesively cemented indirect composite restorations. Sixty bovine incisors had the buccal surface ground with wet #600-grit silicon carbide abrasive paper to obtain a flat exposed superficial dentin and were submitted to different prophylaxis protocols, as follows: 3% hydrogen peroxide (HydP); 0.12% chlorhexidine (Chlo); sodium bicarbonate jet (SodB); 50-µm aluminum oxide air abrasion (AirA); pumice paste (PumP), and control group-water spray (Cont). After prophylaxis protocols a resin composite block (3.0 mm × 5.0 mm × 5.0 mm) was adhesively cemented using dual resin cement (Rely X ARC). After 24 hours of water storage, specimens were serially sectioned perpendicular to the bonded interface into 1-mm-thick slices. Each specimen was trimmed with a diamond bur to an hourglass shape with a cross-sectional area of approximately 1.0 mm(2) at the bonded area. Specimens were tested (µTBS) at 0.5 mm/min using a universal testing machine. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the effects of prophylaxis techniques on dentin. Bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and failure mode by Fisher test (α=0.05). µTBS data, means (SD), were (different superscripted letters indicate statistically significant differences): AirA, 25.2 (7.2)(a); PumP, 24.1 (7.8)(a); Chlo, 21.5 (5.6)(a); Cont, 20.6 (8.1)(a); HydP(,) 15.5 (7.6)(b); and SodB(,) 11.5 (4.4)(c). The use of aluminum oxide air abrasion, pumice paste, and chlorhexidine before acid etching did not significantly affect µTBS to dentin; however, the use of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate jet significantly reduced µTBS.
Assuntos
Colagem Dentária , Profilaxia Dentária/métodos , Adesivos Dentinários/química , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Condicionamento Ácido do Dente/métodos , Óxido de Alumínio/química , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/química , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato/química , Bovinos , Cimentação/métodos , Clorexidina/química , Resinas Compostas/química , Materiais Dentários/química , Análise do Estresse Dentário/instrumentação , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Ácidos Fosfóricos/química , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/química , Cimentos de Resina/química , Silicatos/química , Bicarbonato de Sódio/química , Estresse Mecânico , Propriedades de Superfície , Fatores de Tempo , Água/químicaRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the effect of luting agent and fibreglass post design on bond strength to root dentine at different depths within the canal. METHODOLOGY: Ninety single-rooted teeth were root filled and prepared to receive either a parallel-sided and serrated fibreglass post (Reforpost no. 2) or a tapered and smooth fibreglass post (Exato Cônico). The posts were cemented with the following resin cements: dual-cured resin cement (Rely X ARC), two self-adhesive resin cements (Rely X Unicem and MaxCem) and a self-cured resin cement (Cement-Post). The roots were cross-sectioned to obtain two 1-mm-thick discs for each cervical, middle and apical third of the prepared root portion. The posts were submitted to a micropush-out test at a speed of 0.5 mm min(-1), and the bond strength values (MPa) were submitted to anova in a split-plot arrangement and Tukey's test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The RelyX Unicem demonstrated significantly higher bond strength values (P < 0.001) along the root dentine. The RelyX ARC and Cement-Post had similar bond strength values in the cervical third; however, the bond strength decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in an apical direction for the RelyX ARC. Significantly lower bond strength values (P < 0.001), irrespective of canal region, were found for MaxCem cement. The bond strength was similar for both post configurations irrespective of the resin cement and canal region. CONCLUSIONS: The retention of glass fibre posts remained unaffected by surface roughness but was influenced by resin cement type. The self-adhesive cement RelyX Unicem yielded a significantly greater (P < 0.001) bond strength value when cementing the fibreglass posts.
Assuntos
Colagem Dentária , Planejamento de Prótese Dentária , Cavidade Pulpar/ultraestrutura , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Técnica para Retentor Intrarradicular/instrumentação , Cimentos de Resina/química , Adesividade , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato/química , Resinas Compostas/química , Materiais Dentários/química , Análise do Estresse Dentário/instrumentação , Adesivos Dentinários/química , Vidro/química , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/química , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodos , Estresse Mecânico , Propriedades de Superfície , Ápice Dentário/ultraestruturaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the effect of glass-ionomer cement as a liner on the dentin/resin adhesive interface of lateral walls of occlusal restorations after thermocycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Occlusal cavities were prepared in 60 human molars, divided into six groups: no liner (1 and 4); glass-ionomer cement (GIC, Ketac Molar Easymix, 3M ESPE) (2 and 5); and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC, Vitrebond, 3M ESPE) (3 and 6). Resin composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) was placed after application of an adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE) that was mixed with a fluorescent reagent (Rhodamine B) to allow confocal microscopy analysis. Specimens of groups 4, 5 and 6 were thermocycled (5°C-55°C) with a dwell time of 30 seconds for 5000 cycles. After this period, teeth were sectioned in approximately 0.8-mm slices. One slice of each tooth was randomly selected for confocal microscopy analysis. The other slices were sectioned into 0.8 mm × 0.8 mm beams, which were submitted to microtensile testing (MPa). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). RESULTS: There was no detectedstatistical difference on bond strength among groups (α<0.05). Confocal microscopy analysis showed a higher mean gap size in group 4 (12.5 µm) and a higher percentage of marginal gaps in the thermocycled groups. The RMGIC liner groups showed the lowest percentage of marginal gaps. CONCLUSIONS: Lining with RMGIC resulted in less gap formation at the dentin/resin adhesive interface after artificial aging. RMGIC or GIC liners did not alter the microtensile bond strength of adhesive system/resin composite to dentin on the lateral walls of Class I restorations.
Assuntos
Colagem Dentária , Forramento da Cavidade Dentária , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/química , Análise de Variância , Resinas Compostas , Falha de Restauração Dentária , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Adesivos Dentinários , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Confocal , Dente Serotino , Polimerização , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Estresse Mecânico , Resistência à TraçãoRESUMO
The discovery of the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in several physiological and pathophysiological processes launched a spectacular increase in studies in areas such as chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology. As a consequence, the development of NO donors or scavengers for regulation of its concentration and bioavailability in vivo is required. In this sense, ruthenium nitrosyl ammines and aliphatic tetraazamacrocyles have attracted a lot of attention due to their unique chemical properties. These complexes are water soluble and stable in solution, not to mention that they can deliver NO when photochemically or chemically activated by the reduction of the coordinated nitrosonium (NO+). The tuning of the energies of the charge transfer bands, the redox potential, and the specific rate constants of NO liberation, in both solution and matrices, is desirable for the achievement of selective NO delivery to biological targets, hence making the ruthenium ammines and aliphatic tetraazamacrocyles a quite versatile platform for biological application purposes. These ruthenium nitrosyls have shown to be active in firing neurons in mouse hippocampus, performing redox reactions in mitochondria, acting in blood pressure control, exhibiting cytotoxic activities against trypanosomatids (T.cruzi and L.major) and tumor cells. This tailoring approach is explored here, being heavily supported by the accumulated knowledge on the chemistry and photochemistry of ruthenium complexes, which allows NO donors/scavengers systems to be custom made designed.
Assuntos
Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Compostos Organometálicos/farmacologia , Compostos de Rutênio/farmacologia , Rutênio/farmacologia , Aminas/química , Aminas/farmacologia , Animais , Ligantes , Masculino , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/química , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/química , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/farmacocinética , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/toxicidade , Óxido Nitroso , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Compostos Organometálicos/farmacocinética , Compostos Organometálicos/toxicidade , Oxirredução , Processos Fotoquímicos , Ratos , Rutênio/química , Rutênio/farmacocinética , Rutênio/toxicidade , Compostos de Rutênio/química , Compostos de Rutênio/farmacocinética , Compostos de Rutênio/toxicidadeRESUMO
Avaliaram-se a composição química e a cinética da digestibilidade ruminal in situ da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) da forragem de quatro espécies de Brachiaria, com 56 dias de crescimento, coletadas por corte manual. Foram utilizadas três vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu, fistuladas no rúmen. Foram observados teores de 21,0; 21,1; 20,5 e 19,6 por cento de MS; 7,5; 6,4; 6,8 e 7,0 por cento de PB; e 66,8; 70,1; 73,4 e 63,9 por cento de FDN, respectivamente, para B. brizantha, B. decumbens, B. humidicola e B. ruziziensis. O maior valor nutricional foi da B. ruziziensis, que apresentou as mais elevadas taxas de degradação e degradabilidades efetivas (DE) da MS e da PB, e o menor teor de FDN associado à maior taxa de degradação desse nutriente. A forragem de pior qualidade nutricional foi B. humidicola, com menores valores de DE da MS e PB e maiores concentrações das frações fibrosas e indigestíveis.
The chemical composition and the ruminal in situ degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of four species of Brachiaria were evaluated. The forages were harvested at 56 days of growth. Three rumen-fistulated crossbred Holstein × Zebu cows were used. The chemical composition of B. brizantha, B. decumbens, B. ruziziensis, and B. humidicola forages were, respectively: 21.0, 21.1, 20.5, and 19.6 percent for DM; 7.5, 6.4, 6.8, and 7.0 percent for CP; and 66.8, 70.1, 73.4, and 63.9 percent for NDF. B. ruziziensis presented the best nutritional value among the Brachiaria species, as indicated by the highest effective degradability (ED) and ruminal degradation rates of both DM and CP. B. ruziziensis also showed the highest NDF ruminal degradation rate and the lowest NDF concentration. In contrast, B. humidicola showed the worst nutritional composition, as indicated by the lowest DM and CP ED values and the highest content of indigestible and fibrous fractions.
Assuntos
Brachiaria/química , Digestão , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Brachiaria/metabolismo , Análise de Alimentos , RúmenRESUMO
Avaliaram-se a composição química e a cinética da digestibilidade ruminal in situ da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) da forragem de quatro espécies de Brachiaria, com 56 dias de crescimento, coletadas por corte manual. Foram utilizadas três vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu, fistuladas no rúmen. Foram observados teores de 21,0; 21,1; 20,5 e 19,6 por cento de MS; 7,5; 6,4; 6,8 e 7,0 por cento de PB; e 66,8; 70,1; 73,4 e 63,9 por cento de FDN, respectivamente, para B. brizantha, B. decumbens, B. humidicola e B. ruziziensis. O maior valor nutricional foi da B. ruziziensis, que apresentou as mais elevadas taxas de degradação e degradabilidades efetivas (DE) da MS e da PB, e o menor teor de FDN associado à maior taxa de degradação desse nutriente. A forragem de pior qualidade nutricional foi B. humidicola, com menores valores de DE da MS e PB e maiores concentrações das frações fibrosas e indigestíveis.(AU)
The chemical composition and the ruminal in situ degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of four species of Brachiaria were evaluated. The forages were harvested at 56 days of growth. Three rumen-fistulated crossbred Holstein × Zebu cows were used. The chemical composition of B. brizantha, B. decumbens, B. ruziziensis, and B. humidicola forages were, respectively: 21.0, 21.1, 20.5, and 19.6 percent for DM; 7.5, 6.4, 6.8, and 7.0 percent for CP; and 66.8, 70.1, 73.4, and 63.9 percent for NDF. B. ruziziensis presented the best nutritional value among the Brachiaria species, as indicated by the highest effective degradability (ED) and ruminal degradation rates of both DM and CP. B. ruziziensis also showed the highest NDF ruminal degradation rate and the lowest NDF concentration. In contrast, B. humidicola showed the worst nutritional composition, as indicated by the lowest DM and CP ED values and the highest content of indigestible and fibrous fractions.(AU)
Assuntos
Brachiaria/química , Digestão , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Brachiaria/metabolismo , Rúmen , Análise de AlimentosRESUMO
It is known that some metal salts can inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, but the effect of iron has not been tested yet. On the other hand, it has recently been suggested that MMP inhibition might influence dentine erosion. Based on this, the aims of this study were: (1) to test in vitro the effect of FeSO(4) on MMP-2 and -9 activity, and (2) to evaluate in situ the effect of FeSO(4) gel on dentine erosion. MMP-2 and -9 activities were analysed zymographically in buffers containing FeSO(4) in concentrations ranging between 0.05 and 1.5 mmol/l or not. Volunteers (n = 10) wore devices containing bovine dentine blocks (n = 60) previously treated with the following gel treatments: FeSO(4) (1 mmol/l FeSO(4)), F (NaF 1.23%; positive control) and placebo (negative control). The gels were applied once and removed after 1 min. Erosion was performed extraorally with Coca-Cola 4 times per day for 5 min over 5 days. Dentine wear was evaluated by profilometry. The data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (p < 0.05). FeSO(4) inhibited both MMP-2 (IC(50) = 0.75 mmol/l) and MMP-9 (IC(50) = 0.50 mmol/l) activities. In the in situ experiment, the mean wear (+/- SD) found for the F gel (0.79 +/- 0.08 microm) was significantly reduced in more than 50% when compared to the placebo gel (1.77 +/- 0.33 microm), but the FeSO(4) gel completely inhibited the wear (0.05 +/- 0.02 mum). Since FeSO(4) was able to inhibit MMP in vitro, it is possible that the prevention of dentine wear by the FeSO(4) gel in situ might be due to MMP inhibition, which should be investigated in further studies.
Assuntos
Compostos Férricos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Metaloproteinases de Matriz , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Erosão Dentária/enzimologia , Erosão Dentária/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Animais , Bovinos , Dentina/enzimologia , Dentina/patologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Compostos Férricos/administração & dosagem , Géis , Humanos , Inibidores de Proteases/administração & dosagem , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Pneumonectomy is associated with high mortality and high rates of complications. Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema is one of the leading causes of mortality. Little is known about its etiologic factors and its association with the inflammatory process. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of pneumonectomy as a cause of pulmonary edema and its association with gas exchange, inflammation, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and vasoconstriction. Forty-two non-specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were included in the study. Eleven animals died during or after the procedure, 21 were submitted to left pneumonectomy and 10 to sham operation. These animals were sacrificed after 48 or 72 h. Perivascular pulmonary edema was more intense in pneumonectomized rats at 72 h (P = 0.0131). Neutrophil density was lower after pneumonectomy in both groups (P = 0.0168). There was higher immunohistochemical expression of eNOS in the pneumonectomy group (P = 0.0208), but no statistically significant difference in the expression of iNOS. The lumen-wall ratio and pO2/FiO2 ratio did not differ between the operated and sham groups after pneumonectomy. Left pneumonectomy caused perivascular pulmonary edema with no elevation of immunohistochemical expression of iNOS or neutrophil density, suggesting the absence of correlation with the inflammatory process or oxidative stress. The increased expression of eNOS may suggest an intrinsic production of NO without signs of vascular reactivity.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Inflamação/etiologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Pneumonectomia/efeitos adversos , Circulação Pulmonar/fisiologia , Edema Pulmonar/etiologia , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Movimento Celular , Imuno-Histoquímica , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Neutrófilos , Troca Gasosa Pulmonar , Edema Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Ratos Wistar , Vasoconstrição/fisiologiaRESUMO
Pneumonectomy is associated with high mortality and high rates of complications. Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema is one of the leading causes of mortality. Little is known about its etiologic factors and its association with the inflammatory process. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of pneumonectomy as a cause of pulmonary edema and its association with gas exchange, inflammation, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and vasoconstriction. Forty-two non-specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were included in the study. Eleven animals died during or after the procedure, 21 were submitted to left pneumonectomy and 10 to sham operation. These animals were sacrificed after 48 or 72 h. Perivascular pulmonary edema was more intense in pneumonectomized rats at 72 h (P = 0.0131). Neutrophil density was lower after pneumonectomy in both groups (P = 0.0168). There was higher immunohistochemical expression of eNOS in the pneumonectomy group (P = 0.0208), but no statistically significant difference in the expression of iNOS. The lumen-wall ratio and pO(2)/FiO(2) ratio did not differ between the operated and sham groups after pneumonectomy. Left pneumonectomy caused perivascular pulmonary edema with no elevation of immunohistochemical expression of iNOS or neutrophil density, suggesting the absence of correlation with the inflammatory process or oxidative stress. The increased expression of eNOS may suggest an intrinsic production of NO without signs of vascular reactivity.
Assuntos
Inflamação/etiologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Pneumonectomia/efeitos adversos , Circulação Pulmonar/fisiologia , Edema Pulmonar/etiologia , Animais , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Movimento Celular , Imuno-Histoquímica , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Neutrófilos , Edema Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Troca Gasosa Pulmonar , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Vasoconstrição/fisiologiaRESUMO
Foram analisadas 12 medidas de comprimento dos ossos, duas medidas de altura, duas medidas de perímetro e 11 medidas de ângulos articulares) de 169 equinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador, de ambos os sexos (82 por cento de fêmeas), com idades entre 35 e 269 meses, de 11 criatórios do Estado de Minas Gerais e cinco de São Paulo. Os efeitos de estado e criatório de origem, tipo de criação (baia ou pasto), idade e sexo sobre essas características foram avaliados pelo método dos quadrados mínimos, e as associações entre as características foram quantificadas por meio da correlação de resíduos. Os modelos justificaram pouco da variação observada, com coeficientes de determinação variando de 0,09 a 0,48 para as medidas lineares e de 0,11 a 0,44 para as medidas angulares. Estado e criatório de origem, sexo, idade e tipo de criação foram importantes fontes de variação, respectivamente para 13 (48,1 por cento), 12 (44,4 por cento), seis (22,2 por cento), quatro (14,8 por cento) e três (11,1 por cento) das 27 características avaliadas. As correlações de resíduo entre as características indicaram que a escolha de animais com úmero de maior comprimento está associada a animais com membros torácicos e pélvicos mais longos e que a escolha de animais a partir do tamanho dos membros acarretará concomitante incremento na altura da cernelha e na garupa e do perímetro da canela e torácico. Ainda, a escolha dos animais considerando as medidas dos ângulos metacarpofalangeano e dedo torácico com a horizontal refletirá positivamente na altura da cernelha e da garupa.
The effects of State and stud of origin, management (on pasture or in stable), gender, and age on morphometrics traits (measurements of 12 bone segments, 11 joint angles, two perimeters, and two heights) of 169 Mangalarga Marchador horses (82 percent females) raised in 11 herds of Minas Gerais and five from São Paulo State, were evaluated using the least squares methodology. In addition, residual phenotypic associations among these traits were measured. Statistical models did not fit well the observed variation, with coefficients of determination varying from 0.09 to 0.48 for linear and from 0.11 to 0.44 for angular traits. State and stud of origin, gender, age, and management were important sources of variation, respectively on 13 (48.1 percent), 12 (44.4 percent), six (22.2 percent), four (11.1 percent), and three (11.1 percent) of the 27 evaluated traits. Residual correlations between traits indicated that selection of animals with longer humerus was associated to animals with longer front and rear leg bone segments and higher wither and croup heights and larger crop and cannon perimeters. Also, selection of animals with larger fetlock and coronet-horizontal line angles will positively reflect on the wither and croup heights of the animals.
RESUMO
Foram analisadas 12 medidas de comprimento dos ossos, duas medidas de altura, duas medidas de perímetro e 11 medidas de ângulos articulares) de 169 equinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador, de ambos os sexos (82 por cento de fêmeas), com idades entre 35 e 269 meses, de 11 criatórios do Estado de Minas Gerais e cinco de São Paulo. Os efeitos de estado e criatório de origem, tipo de criação (baia ou pasto), idade e sexo sobre essas características foram avaliados pelo método dos quadrados mínimos, e as associações entre as características foram quantificadas por meio da correlação de resíduos. Os modelos justificaram pouco da variação observada, com coeficientes de determinação variando de 0,09 a 0,48 para as medidas lineares e de 0,11 a 0,44 para as medidas angulares. Estado e criatório de origem, sexo, idade e tipo de criação foram importantes fontes de variação, respectivamente para 13 (48,1 por cento), 12 (44,4 por cento), seis (22,2 por cento), quatro (14,8 por cento) e três (11,1 por cento) das 27 características avaliadas. As correlações de resíduo entre as características indicaram que a escolha de animais com úmero de maior comprimento está associada a animais com membros torácicos e pélvicos mais longos e que a escolha de animais a partir do tamanho dos membros acarretará concomitante incremento na altura da cernelha e na garupa e do perímetro da canela e torácico. Ainda, a escolha dos animais considerando as medidas dos ângulos metacarpofalangeano e dedo torácico com a horizontal refletirá positivamente na altura da cernelha e da garupa.(AU)
The effects of State and stud of origin, management (on pasture or in stable), gender, and age on morphometrics traits (measurements of 12 bone segments, 11 joint angles, two perimeters, and two heights) of 169 Mangalarga Marchador horses (82 percent females) raised in 11 herds of Minas Gerais and five from São Paulo State, were evaluated using the least squares methodology. In addition, residual phenotypic associations among these traits were measured. Statistical models did not fit well the observed variation, with coefficients of determination varying from 0.09 to 0.48 for linear and from 0.11 to 0.44 for angular traits. State and stud of origin, gender, age, and management were important sources of variation, respectively on 13 (48.1 percent), 12 (44.4 percent), six (22.2 percent), four (11.1 percent), and three (11.1 percent) of the 27 evaluated traits. Residual correlations between traits indicated that selection of animals with longer humerus was associated to animals with longer front and rear leg bone segments and higher wither and croup heights and larger crop and cannon perimeters. Also, selection of animals with larger fetlock and coronet-horizontal line angles will positively reflect on the wither and croup heights of the animals.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/métodos , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/veterinária , Fenótipo , Cavalos/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Avaliou-se o efeito da covariância genética aditiva direto-materna sobre estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e sobre a predição e a ordenação de valores genéticos de animais da raça Tabapuã. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados com base em 19646, 14276, 10663 e 6172 registros de pesos ao nascimento e ajustados para 205, 365 e 550 dias de idade em análises unicaracterística, utilizando o programa computacional MTDREML, pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita livre de derivadas por modelos animal com ou sem a inclusão da covariância. As estimativas da covariância genética aditiva direto-materna foram, respectivamente, -0,08; -0,22; -0,10 e 0,34, para os pesos ao nascer e ajustados para 205, 365 e 550 dias de idade. As herdabilidades diretas e maternas obtidas sob modelo com a inclusão da covariância genética direto-materna foram, respectivamente, 0,31 e 0,10; 0,20 e 0,17; 0,20 e 0,06 e 0,17 e 0,01, para os mesmos pesos, enquanto sem a inclusão foram, respectivamente, 0,31 e 0,09; 0,18 e 0,14; 0,20 e 0,05 e 0,18 e 0,02. Os valores de correlação de posto entre os valores genéticos preditos pelos modelos com e sem a inclusão foram 0,999; 0,992; 0,999 e 0,998. As correlações de posto entre os valores genéticos maternos foram 0,999; 0,985; 0,992 e 0,771. A inclusão da covariância genética aditiva direto-materna não influenciou as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos e teve efeito inexpressivo na ordenação dos valores genéticos dos pesos de animais da raça Tabapuã.
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of additive genetic-maternal covariance on estimates of genetic parameters and on the prediction and ranking of breeding values of Tabapuã animals. Records of 19,646, 14,276, 10,663, and 6,176 birth weights and weights at 205, 365, and 550 days of age were used in univariate animal model analysis using MTDFREML software, including or not the additive genetic-maternal covariance in the models. The additive genetic-maternal covariance estimates were, respectively, -0.08, -0.22, -0.10, and 0.34 for birth weight and weights at 205, 365, and 550 days of age. The direct and maternal heritability estimates including the additive direct-maternal covariance were, respectively, 0.31, and 0.10; 0.31 and 0.20, and 0.17; and 0.20 and 0.06; and 0.17 and 0.01 for birth weight and weights at 205, 365, and 550 days of age, while without the additive direct-maternal covariance those values were, respectively, 0.31 and 0.09; 0.18 and 0.14; 0.20 and 0.05; .18 and 0.02. Rank correlation between predicted breeding values from two models for birth weight and weights at 205 and 550 days of age were, respectively, 0.999, 0.992, 0.999, and 0.998. For maternal genetic values, these estimated rank correlations were, respectively, 0.995, 0.985, 0.992, and 0.771. The inclusion of additive genetic-maternal covariance in the analysis did not affect genetic parameter estimates and had a very small effect on breeding values ranking of Tabapuã animals.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Previsões , Variação GenéticaRESUMO
Avaliou-se o efeito da covariância genética aditiva direto-materna sobre estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e sobre a predição e a ordenação de valores genéticos de animais da raça Tabapuã. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados com base em 19646, 14276, 10663 e 6172 registros de pesos ao nascimento e ajustados para 205, 365 e 550 dias de idade em análises unicaracterística, utilizando o programa computacional MTDREML, pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita livre de derivadas por modelos animal com ou sem a inclusão da covariância. As estimativas da covariância genética aditiva direto-materna foram, respectivamente, -0,08; -0,22; -0,10 e 0,34, para os pesos ao nascer e ajustados para 205, 365 e 550 dias de idade. As herdabilidades diretas e maternas obtidas sob modelo com a inclusão da covariância genética direto-materna foram, respectivamente, 0,31 e 0,10; 0,20 e 0,17; 0,20 e 0,06 e 0,17 e 0,01, para os mesmos pesos, enquanto sem a inclusão foram, respectivamente, 0,31 e 0,09; 0,18 e 0,14; 0,20 e 0,05 e 0,18 e 0,02. Os valores de correlação de posto entre os valores genéticos preditos pelos modelos com e sem a inclusão foram 0,999; 0,992; 0,999 e 0,998. As correlações de posto entre os valores genéticos maternos foram 0,999; 0,985; 0,992 e 0,771. A inclusão da covariância genética aditiva direto-materna não influenciou as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos e teve efeito inexpressivo na ordenação dos valores genéticos dos pesos de animais da raça Tabapuã.(AU)
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of additive genetic-maternal covariance on estimates of genetic parameters and on the prediction and ranking of breeding values of Tabapuã animals. Records of 19,646, 14,276, 10,663, and 6,176 birth weights and weights at 205, 365, and 550 days of age were used in univariate animal model analysis using MTDFREML software, including or not the additive genetic-maternal covariance in the models. The additive genetic-maternal covariance estimates were, respectively, -0.08, -0.22, -0.10, and 0.34 for birth weight and weights at 205, 365, and 550 days of age. The direct and maternal heritability estimates including the additive direct-maternal covariance were, respectively, 0.31, and 0.10; 0.31 and 0.20, and 0.17; and 0.20 and 0.06; and 0.17 and 0.01 for birth weight and weights at 205, 365, and 550 days of age, while without the additive direct-maternal covariance those values were, respectively, 0.31 and 0.09; 0.18 and 0.14; 0.20 and 0.05; .18 and 0.02. Rank correlation between predicted breeding values from two models for birth weight and weights at 205 and 550 days of age were, respectively, 0.999, 0.992, 0.999, and 0.998. For maternal genetic values, these estimated rank correlations were, respectively, 0.995, 0.985, 0.992, and 0.771. The inclusion of additive genetic-maternal covariance in the analysis did not affect genetic parameter estimates and had a very small effect on breeding values ranking of Tabapuã animals.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Previsões , Variação Genética , BovinosRESUMO
Avaliou-se a influência do DNA mitocondrial sobre características de produção e reprodução em rebanho Gir. Foram analisados, segundo a origem mitocondrial (indicus ou taurus) e linhagem citoplasmática (fêmeas fundadoras), 3385 registros de produção total de leite (PT), produção de leite até os 305 dias de lactação (P305) e de período de lactação (PL); 2394 registros de intervalo de parto (IP) e de produção de leite por dia de intervalo de partos (PIP) e 618 registros de idade ao primeiro parto (IPP). A origem mitocondrial foi incluída no modelo como efeito fixo para a idade ao primeiro parto, por ter, em análise prévia, demonstrado ser significativa somente para essa característica. A estimação dos componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos bem como a predição dos valores genéticos foram realizadas a partir de dois modelos animais; com e sem a inclusão da variável aleatória, linhagem citoplasmática, com o programa MTDFREML, pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita com algoritmo livre de derivadas. A linhagem citoplasmática explicou 1,6 por cento; 1,5 por cento; 1,2 por cento, 0 por cento, 0 por cento e 0 por cento, da variância fenotípica das características PT, P305, PL, IP, PIP e IPP, não obstante não se mostrou significativa no teste de razão de máxima verossimilhança. As correlações de postos entre os valores genéticos obtidos a partir dos modelos com e sem a inclusão da linhagem citoplasmática foram próximas à unidade para todas as características. O modelo que não incluiu a linhagem citoplasmática viesou apenas as tendências genéticas das características PT, P305 e PL. A origem mitocondrial, indicus ou taurus, somente foi significativa (P<0,05) para a variação da idade ao primeiro parto. A linhagem citoplasmática não contribuiu significativamente para a variância fenotípica de quaisquer das características deste estudo.
This study was carried out to evaluate the mitochondrial DNA effect on production and reproduction traits of Gir breed. A total of 3,385 records of milk production (MP), 305-day milk production (305-MP), and lactation length (LL); and 2,394 records of calving interval (CI), milk production per day of calving interval (MPPDCI), and age at first calving (AFC) were analyzed according to mitochondrial DNA origin (indicus or taurus) and cytoplasmatic lineages (foundation cows). The mitochondrial DNA origin was considered as fixed effect for age at first calving analysis. Genetic parameter estimates and predicted breeding values were obtained by restricted maximum likelihood derivative free algorithm using two different animal models (including or not cytoplasmatic lineage effect). Maximum likelihood ratio test showed a non significant effect of cytoplasmatic lineages on all analyzed traits. Cytoplasmatic lineages accounted not significantly for 1.6 percent, 1.5 percent, 1.2 percent, 0 percent, and 0 percent of the total phenotypic variance of MP, 305-MP, LL, MPPDCI and AFC. Ranks correlation among breeding values from both models were close to one for all analyzed traits. No mitochondrial lineage model biased upward only estimates of genetic trends of MP, 305-MP, and LL traits. Mitochondrial origin (taurus or indicus) significantly accounted (P<0.05) only for total variation of age at first calving. Cytoplasmatic lineages did not account significantly for the phenotypic variation of any of the studied traits.