RESUMO
Two experiments were conducted to assess a hormonal strategy developed to reduce animal handling for timed artificial insemination (TAI) with sex-sorted semen. Four-hundred ninety-one (491) suckled beef cows received a progesterone (P4) intravaginal device and 2â¯mg intramuscular (im) injection of estradiol benzoate (EB) on a randomly chosen day of the estrus cycle (Day 0) in Experiment 1. Cows were treated with 500⯵g of sodic cloprostenol (PGF2α) and with 300 IU of eCG at P4 device removal (Day 8); these cows were also randomly assigned to receive 1â¯mg of estradiol cypionate (EC) administered at P4 device removal (treatment EC-0h) or 1â¯mg of EB 24â¯h after P4 device removal (treatment EB-24h). Both treatments were timed inseminated (TAI) with sex-sorted semen 60â¯h after P4 device removal. Cows treated with EC-0h presented higher pregnancy rate per AI (P/AI) [45.0% (113/251)] than the ones treated with EB-24h [35.4% (85/240); Pâ¯=â¯0.03)]. A subset of cows (nâ¯=â¯26) were subjected to ultrasound examination every 12â¯h after P4 device removal for 96â¯h in the row in order to determine the time of ovulation. Similar interval between device removal and ovulation was recorded for EB-24hâ¯=â¯70.0⯱â¯2.9â¯h vs. EC-0hâ¯=â¯66.0⯱â¯2.8â¯hâ¯(Pâ¯=â¯0.52). Five-hundred ninety-one (591) cows were subjected to the same synchronization protocols and treatments (EC-0h or EB-24h). In addition, they were randomly assigned to a 2â¯×â¯2 factorial arrangement aiming at determining the effects of treatment with estradiol (EC-0h vs. EB-24h) and of semen type (Sex-sorted vs. Non-sex-sorted semen). All animals were timed inseminated 60â¯h after P4 device removal. There was no interaction (Pâ¯=â¯0.07) between the ovulation inducer and semen type. The EC protocol led to greater P/AI than EB (Pâ¯=â¯0.03). Greater (Pâ¯=â¯0.01) P/AI was achieved through treatments with non-sex-sorted semen rather than with sex-sorted semen [sex-sorted (EB-24hâ¯=â¯49.0%; EC-0hâ¯=â¯51.0%) vs. non-sex-sorted semen (EB-24hâ¯=â¯52.4%; EC-0hâ¯=â¯68.2%)]. Therefore, EC administered at P4 device removal resulted in greater P/AI. Furthermore, the EC-0h protocol allowed reducing suckled beef cow handing for timed artificial insemination with sex-sorted semen.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Lactação/fisiologia , Pré-Seleção do Sexo , Animais , Bovinos , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Estradiol/farmacologia , Sincronização do Estro/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Progesterona/administração & dosagem , Progesterona/farmacologia , SêmenRESUMO
En 1984 se distribuyó a los laboratorios de 14 estados brasileños un estuche de inmunoensayo enzimático para la detección de rotavirus y adenovirus. El estuche fue preparado por el Departamento de Virología de la Fundación Oswaldo Cruz como parte de un proyecto para la detección de agentes virales en muestras fecales de niños con diarrea. La vigilancia ulterior duró de 3 a 5 años, y en un taller celebrado en Belém en 1991 se examinaron los resultados obtenidos por todos los laboratorios que analizaron mas de 300 muestras fecales. Los resultados revelaron la presencia de rotavirus en 13 por ciento a 20 por ciento de los especímenes investigados y una frecuencia máxima de resultados positivos de mayo a septiembre, que es la estación "invernal" o seca en los estados de las zonas central y meridional del Brasil pero no en las zonas tropicales situadas más al norte. Se detectaron adenovirus en 0,7 por ciento a 5,5 por ciento de las muestras analizadas, sin ninguna variación estacional. También se detectaron muchos otros agentes virales productores de gastroenteritis (entre ellos astrovirus, pequeños virus de estructura esférica, calicivirus y ratavirus del grupo C) en los centros donde se usó el microscopio electrónico. El picobirnavirus, microorganismo que hasta el momento no se había asociado con la gastroenteritis en el ser humano, se descubrió por medio de la electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida en especímenes enviados a diversos centros que usaban esta técnica. Las vacunas contra los rotavirus, actualmente en fase de experimentación, serían de gran utilidad en el Brasil, donde tales virus son la causa más frecuente de diarrea infantil. Se necesitarán mejores técnicas de diagnóstico para determinar la importancia de los demás agentes virales
Se publica en inglés en Bull. PAHO. Vol. 27(3), 1993
Assuntos
Infecções por Rotavirus , Brasil , Rotavirus , Adenovírus Humanos , Gastroenterite , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , DiarreiaRESUMO
In 1984 an enzyme immunoassay for rotavirus and adenovirus developed in the Virology Department of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation was distributed to laboratories in 14 Brazilian states as part of a project to survey viral agents in fecal specimens from children with diarrhea. The ensuing surveillance continued for 3 to 5 years, and in 1991 the results obtained by all laboratories that tested 300 or more fecal specimens were reviewed at a workshop held in Belém. These results showed that rotavirus had been detected in 13% to 20% of the specimens tested, with positive specimens appearing to peak in the May to September "winter" or dry season in Brazil's central and southern states but not in the more tropical northern areas. Adenovirus, detected in 0.7% to 5.5% of the specimens tested for it, showed no seasonal variations. Many other viral agents known to cause gastroenteritis (e.g., astrovirus, small round-structured viruses, calcivirus, and group C rotavirus) were detected at centers that used electron microscopy. Picobirnavirus, a novel agent not yet associated with gastroenteritis in humans, was found by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in specimens from a number of centers using this technique. Vaccines to prevent rotavirus that are currently under development would be of great use in Brazil, where rotavirus is the most common cause of childhood diarrhea. Improved diagnostics will be required to assess the importance of the other viral agents.
Assuntos
Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Vigilância da População , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Doença Aguda , Distribuição por Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fezes/microbiologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Lactente , Prevalência , Estações do Ano , Sorotipagem , Vírus/classificaçãoRESUMO
In 1984 an enzyme immunoassay for rotavirus and adenovirus developed in the Virology Department of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation was distributed to laboratories in 14 Brazilian states as part of a proyect to survey viral agents in fecal specimens from children with diarrhea. The ensuing surveillance continued for 3 to 5 years, and in 1991 the results obtained by all laboratories that tested 300 o more fecal specimens were reviewed at a workshop held in Belém. These results showed that rotavirus had been detected in 13 percent to 20 percent of the specimens tested, with positive specimens appearing to peak in the May to September "winter" or dray season in Brazil's central and southern states but not in the more tropical northern areas. Adenovirus, detected in 0.7 percent to 5.5 percent of the specimens tested for it, showed no seasonal variations. Many other viral agent know to cause gastroenteritis (e.g., astrovirus, small round-structured viruses, calcivirus, and group C rotavirus) were detected at centers that used electron microscopy. Picobirnavirus, a novel agent no yet associated with gastroenteritis in humans, was found by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in specimens from a number of centers using this technique. Vaccines to prevent rotavirus that are currently under development would be of great use in Brazil, where rotavirus is the most common cause of childhood diarrhea. Improved diagnostics will be required to assess the importance of the other viral agents
This article will also be published in Spanish in the Bol. Oficina Sanit. Panam. Vol. 116(5):27-36, 1994
Assuntos
Infecções por Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Adenovírus Humanos , Gastroenterite , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Diarreia , BrasilRESUMO
The occurrence in chickens of small viruses with bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome is confirmed and a new virus with similar properties but with three genome segments is described. Both differ from birnaviruses (Intervirology 25, 141-143, 1986) in having indistinct surface structure, smaller diameters (35 nm), and higher buoyant density (1.4 g/ml) in CsCl but are similar in these respects to viruses previously described in several mammals (Lancet 2, 103-104, 1988; J. Gen. Virol. 69, 2749-2754, 1988; Res. Vet. Sci, in press) under the tentative name of picobirnaviruses (PBV). Genome segment length estimations gave values of 2.6 and 1.9 kbp for the avian PBV and 2.9, 2.4 and 0.9 kbp for the trisegmented viruses. The source and pathogenic potential of these viruses remain to be established.
Assuntos
Galinhas/microbiologia , RNA de Cadeia Dupla/análise , Retroviridae/genética , Animais , Centrifugação com Gradiente de Concentração , Densitometria , Intestinos/microbiologia , Retroviridae/ultraestruturaRESUMO
A total of 138 patients with the age of 4 months to 57 years were attended in different hospitals of São Paulo State with aseptic meningitis. A probable new agent was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of 35 of 53 specimens examined. Replication of the agent with similar characteristics was detected by CPE produced in the MDCK cell line. Virus-like particles measuring about 40 nm in diameter were observed by negative staining electron microscopy. No hemagglutinating activity was detected at pH 7.2 by using either human, guinea pig, chicken and at pH ranged 6.0-7.2 with goose red blood cells. The agent was not pathogenic to newborn or adult mice. Virus infectivity as measured by CPE was sensitive to chloroform and not inhibited by BuDR, suggesting that agent is an enveloped virus with RNA genome.
Assuntos
Meningite Asséptica/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Vírion/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Meningite Asséptica/microbiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vírion/fisiologia , Vírion/ultraestrutura , Replicação ViralRESUMO
Viruses similar to the bisegmented double-stranded (ds) RNA picobirnaviruses described in human faeces and the intestinal contents of Oryzomys nigripes rats and guinea pigs were isolated from the faeces of pigs taken from several areas in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Samples were collected from 912 pigs of several breeds, aged nine to 61 days, and assayed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with silver staining and a combined enzyme immunoassay for rotavirus and adenovirus, using the simian rotavirus SA11 as control. Electrophoretic profiles resembling the bisegmented dsRNA viruses were detected in 106 pigs with 15.3 per cent occurring in animals with diarrhoea compared to 9.6 per cent in animals without diarrhoea.
Assuntos
Diarreia/veterinária , Fezes/microbiologia , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , RNA de Cadeia Dupla/análise , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Animais , Brasil , Diarreia/microbiologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Vírus de RNA/genética , SuínosRESUMO
The presence of antibodies against rotavirus was investigated by enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in two distinct groups of children living in a shanty town in Rio de Janeiro. One hundred and thirty six plasma samples were randomly collected from children of 0 to 33 months (first group) and 255 serum samples were collected from other 85 children at ages of 2, 6 and 9 months (second group). A high percentage of antibodies were found in the newborn children and this rate decreased progressively until the age of 11 months, after which it increased again. At the age of 7 months, geometric mean antibody titers increased indicating that infection had occurred.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Infecções por Rotavirus/diagnóstico , Rotavirus/imunologia , Brasil , Pré-Escolar , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Áreas de PobrezaRESUMO
During an epidemiological survey made in São Paulo (Brazil), fecal specimens were periodically collected from 100 randomly chosen babies from birth to the age of 18 months. The stools, routinely collected each month and also collected each time a child presented any sign of disease, were screened for the presence of adenoviruses. Sixteen adenovirus strains, isolated from the stools of healthy and ill children, were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis. Five isolates were from subgenus A, five were from subgenus B, four were from subgenus C, and two were from subgenus D. All but two showed some restriction patterns different from those of the 42 human adenovirus prototypes and all the genome types described up to now. No fastidious adenovirus (subgenus F, serotypes 40 and 41) was encountered in the stools examined. We report here the restriction enzyme analysis of isolates of subgenera B and C. The following new designation genome types are proposed: Ad3e1 (subgenus B) and Ad1d, Ad5a1, and Ad5a2 (subgenus C).
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/microbiologia , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/microbiologia , Adenovírus Humanos/genética , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , DNA Viral/análise , Fezes/microbiologia , Adenovírus Humanos/classificação , Brasil , Linhagem Celular , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Testes de Neutralização , Mapeamento por RestriçãoAssuntos
Cobaias , Animais , Fezes/microbiologia , Genes Virais , Intestinos/microbiologia , RNA Viral , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Evidência sorológica de infecçäo por rotavírus em uma colônia de cobaios - Anticorpos reagindo com rotavírus símio SA11 foram demonstrados por ensaio imuno-enzimático (EIE) e por "Western blot assay" (WBA) em soros de cobaios mantidos para fins experimentais na Fundaçäo Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A proporçäo de animais soro-positivos e os níveis de anticorpos subiram rapidametne em 1985, mantiveram-se altos em 1986 e baixaram em 1987. Näo foram observados sinais de doença coincidente com a elevaçäo de anticorpos. Resultados de WBA sugerem que o rotavírus responsável pela resposta sorológica pertence ao subgrupo do grupo A
Assuntos
Cobaias , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Rotavirus/imunologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Técnicas ImunoenzimáticasRESUMO
Examination of the intestinal contents of free-living Oryzomys nigripes rats by PAGE revealed two sharply defined bands that could be stained by ethidium bromide or by silver nitrate with comparable intensities. The molecules forming these bands were susceptible to digestion by pancreatic RNase A but not by RNase T1 or by DNase I. Their lengths were estimated to be about 2.6 and 1.5 kbp, respectively, by comparison with rotavirus SA11 genome segments. They cosedimented in CsCl gradients at a density of 1.39 to 1.40 g/ml, together with uniform particles approximately 35 nm in diameter with indistinct surface structure. It is suggested that these particles represent an as yet undescribed virus with a bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome, for which the name 'picobirnavirus' is proposed.
Assuntos
Arvicolinae/microbiologia , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Intestinos/microbiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Vírus de RNA/ultraestrutura , RNA de Cadeia Dupla/análiseRESUMO
Antibodies reacting with simian rotavirus SA11 were detected by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot assay (WBA) in sera from guinea pigs bred for experimental use at the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The proportion of antibody-positive animals and the antibody titres rose sharply in 1985, were maintained at a high levels in 1986 and declined in 1987. There were no obvious signs of disease coinciding with serological evidence of infection. Results of WBA suggest that the virus involved belongs to subgroup 1 of group A rotaviruses.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Infecções por Rotavirus/diagnóstico , Rotavirus/imunologia , Animais , Western Blotting , Cobaias , Técnicas ImunoenzimáticasRESUMO
A combined enzyme immunoassay using nitrocellulose membrane as solid support is described for the detection of rotavirus and adenovirus in faeces from children with gastroenteritis. Its sensitivity and specificity are comparable to those of a previously described assay performed on plastic microplates (Pereira et al. (1985) J. Virol. Methods 10, 21-28). The introduction of nitrocellulose membrane as support for the immune reactions greatly simplifies the multiple washing steps and precludes the need for disposable plastic plates.
Assuntos
Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/imunologia , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/diagnóstico , Adenovírus Humanos/imunologia , Criança , Humanos , Imunoensaio/métodos , Rotavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/diagnósticoRESUMO
Foram estudados soros de pessoas de diferentes grupos etários coletados em 1976, 1978 e 1979 para verificar a presença de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinaçäo contra diversas estirpes de vírus da influenza A dos subtipos H3N2 e H1N1. A ocorrência da infecçäo pelo subtipo H3N2 foram detectados em 1976 e 1978 mas em 1979, a circulaçäo desse subtipo de vírus foi limitada. A prevalência de anticorpo contra A/Säo Paulo/1/78 (H1N1) foi significativamente maior do que para A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) em 1978. No entanto em 1979, a estirpe predominante foi A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1). As pessoas com idade inferior a 20 anos foram as mais afetadas pelo subtipo H1N1, enquanto que indivíduos com mais de 20 anos já apresentavam anticorpos para esse subtipo em 1976, antes do resurgimento dessa estirpe. A infecçäo pelo vírus H3N2 em 1978 ocorreu em 65,4% de crianças do grupo etário de 0-4 anos; 47,0% de criancas do mesmo grupo tinham anticorpos para vírus H1N1 em 1979. Anticorpos para o vírus da influenza suina foram detectadas em 60% de pessoas com mais de 60 anos de idade
Assuntos
Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Vírus da Influenza A/imunologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Brasil , Testes de Inibição da HemaglutinaçãoRESUMO
Preparaçöes da amostra SA11 de rotavírus símio mantidas em diferentes laboratórios foram comparadas entre si por eletroforese do genoma viral em gel de poliacrilamida. Diferenças na migraçäo dos segmentos genômicos 4,5 e 7 permitiram a classificaçäo de oito preparaçöes virais em quatro tipos eletroforéticos