RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) about the treatment Center where they were assisted, as well as about the speech-language pathology services rendered by this Center. METHODS: This is a transversal study composed of an interview with 26 open questions and 14 closed questions applied to 111 individuals who were assisted at the SUS Center in August 2013. The quantitative content analysis was conducted through the use of the GraphPadPrisma 5.1, Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0 software and the application of the D'agostino & Person, F-test and chi-squared test. RESULTS: Most participants reported a positive perception about the facilities and staff of the treatment center. They were also positive about the waiting time and the speech-language pathologists' explanations and conduct, especially in the audiology department. Most responses from participants were short and did not present an argumentative context. CONCLUSION: The treatment center received a high approval rating by most users. The audiology department had better grades than the clinical services related to language and oral motor pathologies.
Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Satisfação do Paciente , Patologia da Fala e Linguagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Percepção , Saúde Pública , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a percepção que os usuários de um Centro de Atendimento, vinculado ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), têm a respeito do próprio Centro e dos serviços fonoaudiológicos prestados. Métodos Pesquisa de campo, transversal, composta por entrevista contendo 26 questões abertas e 14 questões fechadas, realizada com 111 sujeitos que foram atendidos no mês de agosto de 2013. A análise quantitativa foi realizada a partir da aplicação do GraphPad Prisma 5.1, SPSS 15.0, das testagens D’agostino e Person e dos testes não paramétricos comparativos F e Quiquadrado. A abordagem qualitativa foi pautada na análise de conteúdo. Resultados Quanto ao Centro de Atendimento, a percepção da maioria dos participantes foi positiva com relação à estrutura física e à equipe de secretárias/atendentes. Quanto à avaliação específica dos serviços fonoaudiológicos, as respostas foram positivadas para a fila de espera, para a conduta e explicações fornecidas pelo profissional fonoaudiólogo durante os atendimentos, principalmente no setor de Audiologia. A maior parte das justificativas dos entrevistados sobre a qualificação dos serviços foi respondida de maneira sucinta e sem encadeamento argumentativo. Conclusão O Centro de Atendimento obteve alto índice de aprovação na percepção dos usuários. O setor de audiologia foi melhor qualificado do que os trabalhos clínicos voltados às terapias de motricidade oral e linguagem.
ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) about the treatment Center where they were assisted, as well as about the speech-language pathology services rendered by this Center. Methods This is a transversal study composed of an interview with 26 open questions and 14 closed questions applied to 111 individuals who were assisted at the SUS Center in August 2013. The quantitative content analysis was conducted through the use of the GraphPadPrisma 5.1, Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0 software and the application of the D’agostino & Person, F-test and chi-squared test. Results Most participants reported a positive perception about the facilities and staff of the treatment center. They were also positive about the waiting time and the speech-language pathologists’ explanations and conduct, especially in the audiology department. Most responses from participants were short and did not present an argumentative context. Conclusion The treatment center received a high approval rating by most users. The audiology department had better grades than the clinical services related to language and oral motor pathologies.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Patologia da Fala e Linguagem , Satisfação do Paciente , Promoção da Saúde , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Percepção , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil , Saúde Pública , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The present work extends previous studies with the aim of developing the 4-vessel occlusion/internal carotid artery (4-VO/ICA) model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. The permanent occlusion of the vertebral arteries (VAs) and internal carotid arteries (ICAs) followed the sequence VAâICAâICA. The interstage interval (ISI, â), chronicity of 4-VO/ICA, and age of the animals may determine the success of the model with regard to neurohistological and behavioral outcomes. Using middle-aged rats, the present study evaluated (i) how brain damage evolves as the ISI is reduced and duration (i.e., "chronicity") of 4-VO/ICA is prolonged and (ii) how the duration of 4-VO/ICA affects retrograde memory performance. Male Wistar rats (12-15 months of age) were subjected to 4-VO/ICA with an ISI of 7, 5, 4, or 3 days, and hippocampal and cortical damage was examined 7, 30, and 90 days later. Using an ISI of 4 days, retrograde memory performance was assessed in the aversive radial maze after 4-VO/ICA with a duration of 7, 30, and 90 days. The severity of brain neurodegeneration and rate of mortality progressively increased as the ISI length decreased from 7 to 3 days, an effect that was not significantly altered by the chronicity of 4-VO/ICA. Permanent 4-VO/ICA effectively caused retrograde amnesia, an effect that worsened as the chronicity of 4-VO/ICA was prolonged. The findings confirm and expand the notion that permanent, 3-stage 4-VO/ICA effectively produces extensive neurodegeneration and persistent learning/memory impairment in middle-aged rats and that the ISI length, more than the chronicity of 4-VO/ICA, determines the final results.
Assuntos
Amnésia Retrógrada/patologia , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/patologia , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/psicologia , Artéria Carótida Interna/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Degeneração Neural/patologia , Artéria Vertebral/patologia , Fatores Etários , Amnésia Retrógrada/complicações , Amnésia Retrógrada/psicologia , Animais , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/complicações , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/mortalidade , Córtex Cerebral/irrigação sanguínea , Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Hipocampo/irrigação sanguínea , Hipocampo/patologia , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Continuing previous efforts to develop the 4-vessel occlusion (4-VO) model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), here we evaluated whether permanent, stepwise 4-VO causes both learning deficits, hippocampal neurodegeneration and retinal lesion in young, middle-aged or aged rats. Chronic 4-VO was induced by ligation of different sets of vessels, i.e., the vertebral arteries (VA) plus common carotid arteries (CCA) (4-VO/CCA model) or the VA plus internal carotid arteries (ICA) (4-VO/ICA model) with a 1-week interstage interval. Forty days after the 4-VO, the rats were tested for spatial learning impairment, and then examined for hypoxic/ischemic damage. Young, 4-VO/CCA rats exhibited cognitive impairment, hippocampal neurodegeneration and retinal lesion (p<0.0001-0.05). After 4-VO/ICA, neither young nor middle-aged rats exhibited any learning deficits, hippocampal or retinal damage. In aged rats, chronic 4-VO/ICA caused a mild learning deficit (p<0.05). A significant effect of training was observed for the old, sham-operated rats (p<0.0001-0.001), but not for the aged 4-VO/ICA rats (p>0.05). On average, hippocampal cell density did not change after 4-VO/ICA in aged rats, but 3 of 10 subjects exhibited reduced pyramidal cell counts in all hippocampal subfields. Retinal morphology appeared to be unaffected in the 4-VO/ICA aged rats. These data suggest that the 4-VO/ICA model, but not the 4-VO/CCA model, is a suitable paradigm to study the behavioral outcome of CCH given the preservation of the retina after 4-VO/ICA. Moreover, the age at which 4-VO/ICA occurs seems to be an important factor for determining the behavioral and neuropathological changes.