RESUMO
A finales del 2019 una crisis sanitaria se desató a nivel mundial debido a la propagación del nuevo virus SARSCoV-2 causante de la enfermedad COVID-19. En pocos meses el virus llegó a más de 120 países, causando cerca de 19.5 millones de casos y 725,000 muertes alrededor del mundo. La sintomatología de la enfermedad incluye fiebre, tos, cefalea, dolor de garganta, dificultad respiratoria, fatiga y mialgia. El espectro de la enfermedad puede ir desde los pacientes asintomáticos o leves (la gran mayoría de los casos) hasta aquellos que evolucionan a condiciones que amenazan la vida como el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, neumonía severa o fallo multiorgánico, principalmente en personas mayores y con comorbilidades. En Guatemala la letalidad es del 3.9%. El diagnóstico de laboratorio clínico juega un papel importante en el control de la pandemia. El diagnóstico se basa en la detección del virus en hisopados nasofaríngeos a través de técnicas moleculares de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos. Otras técnicas de laboratorio resultan importantes para conocer la dinámica de la enfermedad, entre estas se incluyen pruebas para detectar antígeno del virus en secreciones respiratorias y pruebas serológicas para detectar y medir los anticuerpos generados contra el virus.
At the end of 2019, a health crisis broke out worldwide due to the spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease. In just a few months the virus reached more than 120 countries, causing about 19.5 million cases and 725,000 deaths around the world. Symptoms of the disease include fever, cough, headache, sore throat, shortness of breath, fatigue, and myalgia. The spectrum of the disease can range from asymptomatic or mild patients (the vast majority of cases) to those who evolve to life-threatening conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe pneumonia or multiple organ failure, mainly in older people and people with comorbidities. In Guatemala, the fatality rate is 3.9%. Clinical laboratory diagnosis plays an important role in controlling the pandemic. The diagnosis is based on the detection of the virus in nasopharyngeal swabs through molecular nucleic acid amplification techniques. Other laboratory techniques are important to understand the dynamics of the disease and include tests to detect virus antigen in respiratory secretions and serological tests to detect and measure antibodies generated against the virus.
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Pandemias , Testes Sorológicos , BetacoronavirusRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Entomopathogenic fungi could be useful tools for reducing populations of the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti. Here the efficiency of fungus (Metarhizium anisopliae) impregnated cloths (with and without imidacloprid [IMI]) was evaluated against adult A. aegypti in simulated human dwellings. Behaviour of mosquitoes in the presence of black cloths was also investigated. FINDINGS: When mosquitoes were released into the test rooms, the lowest survival rates (38%) were seen when five black cloths impregnated with conidia of ESALQ 818 + 10 ppm IMI were fixed under tables and chairs. This result was significantly lower than the survival rate recorded when cloths were impregnated with ESALQ 818 alone (44%) or ESALQ 818 + 0.1 ppm IMI (43%). Blood fed A. aegypti had lower landing frequencies on black cloths than sucrose fed insects during the first 24 h following feeding, which may have been due to reduced flight activity. Few mosquitoes (4-5%) were observed to land on the cloths during the hours of darkness. The landing pattern of sucrose-fed mosquitoes on non-treated and fungus-treated cloths was similar. CONCLUSION: The synergism between M. anisopliae and IMI significantly reduced Aedes survival in simulated field conditions. The use of fungus impregnated cloths is a promising point source application method for the control of adult A. aegypti.