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RESUMEN Introducción La aceptación de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 contribuye al apego del tratamiento y al control de la enfermedad. Pero se ha reportado que los hombres tienen menor aceptación al diagnóstico de este padecimiento. En los hombres mexicanos la no aceptación puede estar relacionada con el machismo. Objetivo Identificar la relación del machismo con la aceptación de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Metodología Se realizó un estudio transversal y correlacional. La población de interés fue de hombres con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 entre 20 y 59 años de edad registrados en centros de atención primaria del área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Se obtuvo una muestra de 121 participantes a través de un muestreo por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Inventario de Conformidad de las Normas Masculinas y la Escala Aceptación en DMT2. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó el programa SPSS versión 25; se realizó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados Los resultados señalan que los hombres con percepción de mayor machismo, jornadas laborales extensas y consumo elevado de cigarrillos aceptan menos el diagnóstico y la enfermedad de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Para las subdimensiones del machismo, la homofobia fue el mejor predictor de la aceptación o no de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Conclusiones El profesional de salud debe desarrollar programas para la aceptación de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en hombres de reciente diagnóstico que contribuyan a aceptar su enfermedad, y así, permitan mejorar el autocuidado, control glucémico y prevención de complicaciones.
ABSTRACT Introduction Accepting a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus contributes to the adher- ence to the treatment and control of the illness; however, it has been reported that men tend to have a lower acceptance of this diagnosis. Among Mexican men, in particular, this low acceptance could be related to their machismo. Objective To identify the relationship of machismo with the acceptance of a type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Methodology This is a transversal and correlational study. The population of interest were Mexican men diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus between 20 and 59 years registered in centers of primary attention in the city of Monterrey, Mexico. The sample was constituted of 121 participants chosen by convenience. The instruments used were the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory and the Acceptance Scale for DM2. The statistical analysis and the multiple linear regression model were carried out using SPSS v25. Results Findings suggest that men who show machismo, who have long labor shifts, and who consume large quantities of cigarettes tend not to accept a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Regarding the subdimensions of the machismo construct, homophobia was the best predictor of accepting or not a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusions Healthcare professionals should develop programs aimed at improving the acceptance attitude of a type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis among men, including those with machismo, in order to better manage self-care, glucose control, and also prevent complications.
RESUMO Introdução A aceitação do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 contribui para a adesão ao tratamento e controle da doença. Mas, tem sido relatado que os homens têm menos aceitação do diagnóstico desta doença. Nos homens mexicanos, a não aceitação pode estar relacionada ao machismo. Objetivo Identificar a relação do machismo com a aceitação do diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Metodologia Foi realizado um estudo transversal e correlacional. A população de interesse foram homens com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 entre 20 e 59 anos registrados em centros de atenção primária na área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Foi obtida uma amostra de 121 participantes por amostragem de conveniência. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Inventário de Conformidade com Normas Masculinas e a Escala de Aceitação DMT2. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o programa SPSS versão 25; um modelo de regressão linear múltipla foi realizado. Resultados Os resultados indicam que homens com percepção de maior machismo, longas jornadas de trabalho e alto consumo de cigarro aceitam menos o diagnóstico e a doença de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Para as subdimensões do machismo, a homofobia foi o melhor preditor de aceitação ou não de diabetes melito tipo 2. Conclusões O profissional de saúde deve desenvolver programas de aceitação da diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em homens recém-diagnosticados que contribuam para a aceitação da sua doença e, assim, permitam melhorar o autocuidado, o controlo glicémico e a prevenção de complicações.
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The venereal diseases bovine trichomoniasis (BT) and bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) cause economic losses in endemic areas like La Pampa province in Argentina, where beef cattle are usually managed extensively. The eradication of both diseases is a priority in Argentine. The aim of this case-control study was to identify shared and specific risk factors of both diseases from the data obtained from the Provincial Program for the Control and Eradication of BT and BGC in La Pampa (PCE). The study population included 5777 breeding beef herds tested for BT and BGC in 2013. The study comprised 3481 herds that were surveyed in situ by official PCE veterinarians, distributed as follows: 3159 negative herds (with no BT or BGC positive bulls), 121 BT case herds (with at least a BT positive bull), 170 BGC case herds (with at least a BGC positive bull) and 31 BT and BGC co-infected case herds (with at least a positive bull for each disease). Three multivariable analyses were performed in order to identify the risk factors using a logistic regression model. Results showed that the risk factors shared by both diseases were the number of bulls (OR for BT = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04, p < 0.001; OR for BGC = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03, p < 0.001; OR for BT and BGC co-infection = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04, p = 0.003) and the presence in the previous year of each disease (OR for BT = 18.69, 95% CI: 11.82-29.57, p < 0.001; OR for BGC = 4.65, 95% CI: 3.18-6.81, p < 0.001; OR for BT and BGC co-infection = 39.18, 95% CI: 16.72-91.80, p < 0.001). Disease-specific risk factors were continuous breeding season for BT (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.04-2.47, p = 0.034), and inadequate condition of the fences for BGC (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.06-2.15, p = 0.022). An integrated approach to venereal disease management needs to consider the risk characteristics identified in this study. This could lead to reduce both diseases and improve the efficiency of BT and BGC control activities in La Pampa.
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Infecções por Campylobacter/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/veterinária , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/epidemiologia , Campylobacter fetus , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Feminino , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/microbiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/parasitologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Tritrichomonas foetusRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Disc disease is one of the most common causes of lumbar pain. The new era of treatments for degenerative disc disease involves the use of minimally-invasive thermal technologies allowing for collagen remodeling and destruction of nociceptors in the annulus. However, a better understanding of the treatment pathophysiology is needed. The purpose of this study was to measure intradiscal temperature variation after thermodiscoplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A human cadaver spine specimen was obtained and divided into blocks, each composed of two intervertebral plates and an intact disc. Radio frequency was applied at five spots with three different time intervals. Temperature was measured in each of the combinations. Units were weighed before and after treatment. Finally, the disc was exposed and the tightening achieved with each radio frequency application was measured. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software. RESULTS: The mean weight reduction obtained was 1.4 g on average (SD 0.599), with values between 0.5 and 2.6 grams. Mean temperature in the posterior rim of the annulus was 37.6 degrees C and mean temperature variation was 3.0 degrees C (SD 6.407). Mean tightening achieved in all blocks overall was 1.4 mm. DISCUSSION: The results obtained show the effectiveness of radio frequency thermodiscoplasty when performed within the safety parameters. Temperature values with radio frequency were lower than those found in comparable studies. The weight and the tightening show the effect of disc shrinking and dehydration. This report is an effective tool to define time parameters for the application of this technology.
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Ablação por Cateter , Temperatura Alta/uso terapêutico , Disco Intervertebral , Cadáver , Humanos , Tratamento por Radiofrequência PulsadaRESUMO
To study the deficiency of minerals and its relationship with Paratuberculosis, blood, serum, and fecal samples were obtained from 75 adult bovines without clinical symptoms of the disease and from two bovines with clinical symptoms of the disease, from two beef herds with a previous history of Paratuberculosis in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Serum samples were processed by ELISA and feces were cultured in Herrolds medium. Copper, zinc and iron in serum were quantified by spectrophotometry and selenium was measured by the activity of glutathione peroxidase. We also determined copper, zinc, iron and molybdenum concentrations in pastures and the concentration of sulfate in water. Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map) was isolated from 17.3% of fecal samples of asymptomatic animals and from the fecal samples from the two animals with clinical symptoms. All the Map-positive animals were also ELISA-positive or suspect, and among them, 84.6% presented low or marginal values of selenium and 69.2% presented low or marginal values of copper. The two animals with clinical symptoms, and isolation of Map from feces and organs were selenium-deficient and had the lowest activity of glutathione peroxidase of all the animals from both herds. All the animals negative to Map in feces and negative to ELISA had normal values of Se, while 13.8% of animals with positive ELISA or suspect and culture negative presented low levels of Se. Half of the animals that were negative both for ELISA and culture in feces were deficient in copper but none of them presented low values of selenium. The content of molybdenum and iron in pasture was high, 2.5 ppm and 1.13 ppm in one herd and 2.5 ppm and 2.02 ppm in the other, respectively, whereas the copper:molybdenum ratio was 1.5 and 5.2, respectively. These results do not confirm an interaction between imbalances of the micronutrients and clinical Paratuberculosis, but show evidence of the relationship between selenium deficiencies in animals with Map infection and ELISA positive results.
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The venereal diseases bovine trichomoniasis (BT) and bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BCG) cause economic losses in endemic areas like La Pampa province in Argentina, where beef cattle are usually managed extensively. This study used data compiled under a Provincial Programme for the Control and Eradication of BT and BGC (PCE) to determine the spatio-temporal distribution of these diseases and identify spatial clusters. The study population comprised 29,178 non-virgin bulls drawn from 3766 herds, tested for BT and BGC in 2010. Preputial smegma samples were cultured for BT detection, while BGC was diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence testing of these samples. Campylobacter fetus infection was detected in 1.5% of bulls and 2.3% of herds, and Tritrichomonas foetus infection was found in 1.1% of bulls and 5.1% of herds. The proportion of positive tests was highest in February for BT, while in April it was highest for BCG, and was inversely related to the number of tests, which was greatest during the breeding season (spring). An elliptical spatial cluster of high risk for BGC and a circular cluster for BT were both identified in the south of La Pampa province, which could not be explained by cattle herd density. The spatial and temporal patterns identified in this study provide baseline data for monitoring the success of BT and BGC control activities in La Pampa.
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Infecções por Campylobacter/veterinária , Campylobacter fetus/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Tritrichomonas foetus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/epidemiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/microbiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Técnica Direta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Incidência , Masculino , Prevalência , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Fatores de Risco , Esmegma/microbiologia , Esmegma/parasitologiaRESUMO
To study the deficiency of minerals and its relationship with Paratuberculosis, blood, serum, and fecal samples were obtained from 75 adult bovines without clinical symptoms of the disease and from two bovines with clinical symptoms of the disease, from two beef herds with a previous history of Paratuberculosis in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Serum samples were processed by ELISA and feces were cultured in Herrolds medium. Copper, zinc and iron in serum were quantified by spectrophotometry and selenium was measured by the activity of glutathione peroxidase. We also determined copper, zinc, iron and molybdenum concentrations in pastures and the concentration of sulfate in water. Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map) was isolated from 17.3% of fecal samples of asymptomatic animals and from the fecal samples from the two animals with clinical symptoms. All the Map-positive animals were also ELISA-positive or suspect, and among them, 84.6% presented low or marginal values of selenium and 69.2% presented low or marginal values of copper. The two animals with clinical symptoms, and isolation of Map from feces and organs were selenium-deficient and had the lowest activity of glutathione peroxidase of all the animals from both herds. All the animals negative to Map in feces and negative to ELISA had normal values of Se, while 13.8% of animals with positive ELISA or suspect and culture negative presented low levels of Se. Half of the animals that were negative both for ELISA and culture in feces were deficient in copper but none of them presented low values of selenium. The content of molybdenum and iron in pasture was high, 2.5 ppm and 1.13 ppm in one herd and 2.5 ppm and 2.02 ppm in the other, respectively, whereas the copper:molybdenum ratio was 1.5 and 5.2, respectively. These results do not confirm an interaction between imbalances of the micronutrients and clinical Paratuberculosis, but show evidence of the relationship between selenium...
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Bovinos , Cobre/análise , Glutationa Peroxidase/análise , Glutationa Peroxidase/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Mycobacterium , Mycobacterium avium/enzimologia , Mycobacterium avium/isolamento & purificação , Paratuberculose , Selênio/análise , Zinco/análise , Ativação Enzimática , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Métodos , Minerais/análise , Minerais/isolamento & purificação , EspectrofotometriaRESUMO
To study the deficiency of minerals and its relationship with Paratuberculosis, blood, serum, and fecal samples were obtained from 75 adult bovines without clinical symptoms of the disease and from two bovines with clinical symptoms of the disease, from two beef herds with a previous history of Paratuberculosis in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Serum samples were processed by ELISA and feces were cultured in Herrolds medium. Copper, zinc and iron in serum were quantified by spectrophotometry and selenium was measured by the activity of glutathione peroxidase. We also determined copper, zinc, iron and molybdenum concentrations in pastures and the concentration of sulfate in water. Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map) was isolated from 17.3% of fecal samples of asymptomatic animals and from the fecal samples from the two animals with clinical symptoms. All the Map-positive animals were also ELISA-positive or suspect, and among them, 84.6% presented low or marginal values of selenium and 69.2% presented low or marginal values of copper. The two animals with clinical symptoms, and isolation of Map from feces and organs were selenium-deficient and had the lowest activity of glutathione peroxidase of all the animals from both herds. All the animals negative to Map in feces and negative to ELISA had normal values of Se, while 13.8% of animals with positive ELISA or suspect and culture negative presented low levels of Se. Half of the animals that were negative both for ELISA and culture in feces were deficient in copper but none of them presented low values of selenium. The content of molybdenum and iron in pasture was high, 2.5 ppm and 1.13 ppm in one herd and 2.5 ppm and 2.02 ppm in the other, respectively, whereas the copper:molybdenum ratio was 1.5 and 5.2, respectively. These results do not confirm an interaction between imbalances of the micronutrients and clinical Paratuberculosis, but show evidence of the relationship between selenium deficiencies in animals with Map infection and ELISA positive results.(AU)
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Deficiência de Minerais , Selênio/química , Cobre/química , Paratuberculose/patologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção EnzimáticaRESUMO
We have performed a theoretical study of the effects of the non-parabolicity and coupling barrier in between GaAs quantum wells on the conduction electron cyclotron effective mass and Landé [Formula: see text] factor under the action of a growth-direction applied magnetic field. Numerical calculations are performed within the effective mass approximation and taking into account the non-parabolicity effects for the conduction-band electrons, by means of the Ogg-McCombe effective Hamiltonian. The system consists of two GaAs quantum wells connected by a Ga(1 - x)Al(x)As barrier and surrounded by Ga(1 - y)Al(y)As material. We have found that both the [Formula: see text] factor and the cyclotron effective mass are sensitive to the coupling strength, that is the height and width of the barrier in between the GaAs quantum wells. This behavior is similar for every Landé [Formula: see text] factor and the cyclotron effective mass calculated for different Landau levels. It is noticeable that the splitting between the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cyclotron effective mass increases with the central barrier width and the growth-direction applied magnetic field. As in a single quantum well, we found that the electron Landé [Formula: see text] factor increases with the growth-direction applied magnetic field, comparing quite well with the experimental reports, and that the magnetic field plays an important role in decoupling the quantum wells of the system. Additionally, we have studied the electron cyclotron effective mass and Landé g factor as functions of the Landau levels, depending on the non-parabolicity. From this result one can infer that their population must be taken into account for a complete study of the band parameters as has been proposed in previous works. The present theoretical results are in very good agreement with previous experimental reports in the limiting geometry of a single quantum well.
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The tendency toward chromosome fragility is one of the theories that may explain chromosome variation in brocket deer species (genus Mazama). We tested doxorubicin as an inducer of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of three brocket deer species, Mazama gouazoubira, M. americana and M. nana, compared to the marsh deer, Blastocerus dichotomus. Doxorubicin, at a concentration of 0.25 microg/mL, induced chromosome aberrations and fragile sites in all four species; the highest frequencies were seen in M. gouazoubira; they were lowest in B. dichotomus and intermediate in M. americana and M. nana. These results were expected based on previous karyotypic studies, but they failed to explain the higher sensitivity seen in M. gouazoubira. This may be because not all the aberrations and fragile sites are related to chromosome evolution in brocket deer; other factors, such as environmental influences, may be involved in chromosome fragility.
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Aberrações Cromossômicas/induzido quimicamente , Cervos/genética , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Animais , Brasil , Cervos/classificaçãoRESUMO
Thirty males and thirty females suckling Criollo Cordobes kid goats of approximately 60 to 90 days old were used in this study. Kids were slaughtered at <9.5 kg, >9.5<11 kg and >11 kg of empty body weight. The carcasses showed a medium conformation index. The meat and fat colour, and internal subcutaneous fatness were mainly scored as either pink, cream, slight and low-medium, respectively. The shoulder comprised 66-67% muscle, 24-27% bone and 4-6% fat. The slaughter weight had significant effects on the following characteristics: dressing yield, carcass measures and indices, subcutaneous fatness, meat colour, and muscle/fat ratio. The effect of gender was smaller: the female kids presented the highest fatness values for all parameters studied. Also, these animals displayed the lowest percentage of joints of extra class. The meat of female kids contained significantly less muscle and bone and a higher proportion of fat than that of male kids. The allometric analysis displays an early growth in the carcass measures and indices, fifth quarter, joints and bone proportion of shoulder. Internal and dissectible fats show a late growth. Principal component (PC) analysis was performed to study the relationship between carcass quality variables. The six first PC's explained about 85% of the total variability. The weight and yield of the carcasses were more effective to define the first PC. The projection of the carcass quality data in the first two PC's allowed distinguishing between carcass weight and carcass conformation groups, but not between gender and fatness.
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Peso Corporal , Gorduras na Dieta/análise , Carne/análise , Tecido Adiposo , Animais , Composição Corporal , Osso e Ossos , Cor , Feminino , Cabras , Articulações , Masculino , Carne/normas , Indústria de Embalagem de Carne , Músculo Esquelético , Análise de Componente Principal , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare the carcass characteristics, cholesterol concentration, fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat, and meat quality of Criollo Argentino and Braford steers reared in an extensive system, without supplementation, and slaughtered at approximately 400kg live weight. The Braford steers had greater (P<0.05) carcass weight, yield, conformation score, marbling degree, fat thickness and fatness score than Criollo Argentino steers. The tissue composition of the 10th rib was: 68.1% vs. 63.6% muscle, 23.9% vs. 20.4% bone and 8.2% vs. 16.3% fat for the Criollo Argentino and Braford breeds, respectively. The meat of Longissimus muscle from Braford steers was lighter, redder, yellower and more tender than that from Criollo Argentino steers. The meat of Longissimus muscle from Braford steers had a higher fat content, similar protein and ash contents and a lower (P⩽0.001) cholesterol concentration than that from Criollo Argentino steers. The subcutaneous depot was the most saturated, while the intramuscular fat had the most polyunsaturated fatty acids. Intramuscular fat showed the highest ∑h fatty acids, and PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 ratios and for MUFA/SFA, 16:0/18:0 and h/H ratios were not significantly different between adipose tissue depots. The influence of breed on the fatty acid profile varies among adipose tissues. In general, both intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat from Criollo steers contained more unsaturated fatty acids and less saturated fatty acids, than did fat from Braford steers.
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INTRODUCTION: Fibrinolytic agents are effective in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, logistic and clinical factors limit their use. Neuroprotective drugs pose less risks and can be used even before performance of computed tomography of the brain as they are not detrimental in hemorrhagic stroke. These aspects, in theory, will allow the use of neuroprotective drugs in larger number of patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of a neuroprotection protocol and the potential usefulness of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty seven patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (later confirmed with computed tomography) received, within 12 hours of onset of symptoms, citicoline 500 mg intravenously in a single bolus daily for 7 days. Neurological outcome in this group was compared with a group of 37 patients admitted during the 6 month period before the initiation of the trial and not treated with citicoline. Groups were matched by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission. RESULTS: Patients treated with citicoline (aged 69+/-14 years) improved on their NIHSS from admission (5.7+/-4.2) to discharge (4.7+/-4.5), p= 0.015. The control group (aged 60+/-17 years) did not change between admission (5.7+/-4.3) and discharge (5.2+/-3.5), ns. Patients treated within 6 hours of admission (n= 12) had more substantial improvement, from 5.4+/-2.3 on admission to 3.9+/-2.9 at discharge, p= 0.008. There were no differences in vascular risk factor profile between the groups. Citicoline was well tolerated in every subject. CONCLUSIONS: A protocol of acute stroke management using neuroprotective agents presents clear logistic advantages allowing the inclusion of larger number of patients. Citicoline appears as a safe and potentially effective option.
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Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Citidina Difosfato Colina/uso terapêutico , Guias como Assunto , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Nootrópicos/uso terapêutico , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
El proposito de este estudio fue estimar la validez de contenido y la confiabilidad por mitades de la prueba de logoaudiometria adaptada al español colombiano para la poblacion infantil de Santafe de Bogota de 3.5 a 10 años basada en la prueba Northwestern University Children's Perception of Speech: NU-CHIPS (Elliot y Katz, 1980). Esta investigacion se inscribe en el area de la medicion audiologica y adopto un diseño de tipo descriptivo correlacional. Se tomo una muestra de 64 niños, 47 con audición normal y 17 con hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral entre moderada y severa. La prueba fue aplicada a esta poblacion en un contexto cerrado de respuesta. Los resultados obtenidos sugirieron un alto grado de validez mediante el balance fonetico del instrumento a traves de expertos y de la aplicacion empirica de la prueba piloto y la confiabilidad por la correlacion existente entre las variables analizadas a traves de las pruebas estadisticas correlacionales Spearman Brown y Kuder Richardson 20, los cuales no arrojaron diferencias significativas en la ejecucion de la prueba por los sujetos con relacion a los datos normativos de la prueba originalel propósito
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Audiometria , Audição , Perda Auditiva/diagnósticoRESUMO
The relationships between problem-based learning (PBL) curricula and libraries have generated a substantial number of journal articles, but few have addressed the importance of the interaction between health science libraries and PBL curricula. This article attempts to contribute to this dimension through a description of the roles of library liaisons. First we describe the evolution of the liaison roles beginning 2 years prior to the implementation of a PBL curriculum. We then describe the core responsibilities of liaisons at the University of New Mexico (UNM) with mention of other innovative roles developed by some liaisons.
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Educação Médica/organização & administração , Bibliotecários , Bibliotecas Médicas/organização & administração , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas/organização & administração , Currículo , New Mexico , Estudos de Casos Organizacionais , Inovação Organizacional , Papel (figurativo) , Faculdades de Medicina/organização & administração , Recursos HumanosAssuntos
Anticoncepção , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Fertilidade , Política Pública , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Serviços de Saúde da Mulher , Saúde da Mulher , Adulto , Brasil , Cesárea , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Mortalidade Infantil , Mortalidade Materna , México , Papel do Médico , Sistemas Políticos , Gravidez , Reprodução , Esterilização Reprodutiva , Direitos da MulherRESUMO
PIP: Some current directions of action and research concerning women's reproductive rights in Latin America are examined, with particular emphasis on the institutional context created by the Catholic Church, which has exhibited little flexibility in regard to the processes of reproductive self-determination. In the past 15 years, the concepts of health and reproductive rights have transformed representations and social practices related to reproduction. The work begins by analyzing several terms that preceded health and reproductive rights, attempting to demonstrate how they have helped perpetuate the subordination of women. The terms birth control, family planning, responsible parenthood, and maternal and child health have reflected contemporary social practices, playing a role in establishing reproductive norms and standards of care. The questioning by women's groups of the activities of family planning organizations is examined in this light. The doctrines of the Catholic Church pertaining to reproductive self-determination, and some progressive alternatives to official doctrine from within or outside the Church, are next analyzed. The work of groups of Catholics in Brazil and elsewhere who are struggling to reconcile Church teachings with alternative visions of autonomy and human rights in the reproductive sphere are described. Current research is described on attitudes of Catholic women in different contexts who question the relevance of Church teachings on reproduction, contraception, and abortion to their problems of daily life.^ieng
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Catolicismo , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Direitos Humanos , Medicina Reprodutiva , América , Brasil , Cristianismo , Países em Desenvolvimento , Saúde , América Latina , Religião , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: This work identifies human rights conflicts that may result from the confrontation of the reproductive patterns of a population with family planning policies. It seeks to identify the parties involved in specific conflicts in order to document them and propose resources for their management. The fertility decline that began in Mexico in the 1970s and the significance of family planning policy as a means of facilitating the preexisting desire of couples to control fertility are examined. Possible sources of conflict are then explored in the relations between the population and health care providers. Class differences between service providers and clients, possible failure of providers to provide full information on reproductive and contraceptive options to their clients, imposition of one-sided decision making and power relations, and gender discrimination should all be examined from this perspective. Failure to allow a sufficient delay between birth of the last child and sterilization is a concrete example in which questions may be asked concerning safeguarding of the reproductive rights of individuals. The relationship of service providers to population and health policy is a potential source of conflict if, as has occurred in Mexico, the goals for fertility reduction are not met and the decision is made to redouble institutional efforts rather than modify the goal. A first step in confronting possible conflicts is to demonstrate systematically that inequalities exist in access to rights. Conflicts should be documented and interpreted in terms of underlying power relations. The concepts of reproduction, human rights, and family planning should be analyzed for their exact semiotic significance to indicate possible sources of conflict at the level of conceptualization. An awareness of reproductive rights and a willingness to defend them should be promoted in the population.^ieng
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Agentes Comunitários de Saúde , Países em Desenvolvimento , Ética , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Fertilidade , Direitos Humanos , Pacientes , Filosofia , América , Demografia , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , México , América do Norte , Organização e Administração , População , Dinâmica Populacional , Política PúblicaRESUMO
PIP: This article attempts to reconstruct part of a study on female sterilization in Mexico. The research began with a demographic survey, which was continued with a regional psychologically-oriented survey and has been complemented with studies that apply qualitative analysis techniques and the redrawing of conceptual frameworks for reproduction-related topics and the regulation of fertility. The author attempts to bring together the features of several analytical perspectives for the study of female sterilization. He also argues that research needs to focus more on the social normativity of reproduction and sterilization, the way in which it is put into effect by institutional health programs, and family planning services. The paper also suggests the need to study health aspects of the women who have chosen this birth control method, who are estimated to total 25% of all married women of reproductive age in Mexico. (author's)^ieng