RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Young Chilean women between 18 and 24 years of age are at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infection (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The literature shows a shortage of STI-HIV prevention interventions focused on this specific high-risk population and a unique set of barriers to receiving prevention messages. Internet-based interventions are promising for delivering STI-HIV prevention interventions and avoiding barriers to services. AIMS: The study aimed to develop a culturally informed Internet-based STI-HIV prevention intervention for Chilean women between 18 and 24 years of age, to investigate its feasibility and acceptability, and to compile recommendations on what would make the intervention more acceptable and feasible for these women. METHODS: The development of the Internet intervention was facilitated by a process that featured consultation with content and technology experts. A pre-post test design was used to test the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention with 40 young Chilean women between 18 and 24 years of age. RESULTS: The intervention website consisted of four modules of content and activities that support learning. The intervention was feasible and acceptable for young Chilean women between 18 and 24 years of age. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the value of engaging multiple expert panels to develop culturally informed and technology-based interventions. The results of this study support the feasibility and acceptability of conducting an Internet-based intervention with multiple sessions, yielding high participation rates in a population in which there are barriers to discussion of STI-HIV prevention and sex-related content. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: The outcomes have implications for nursing education and clinical practice and they can be used for the legal and judicial systems to promote or reinforce policies that encourage STI-HIV prevention strategies among women.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Internet , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Chile , Competência Cultural , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: After the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, the large number of persons with major limb damage, amputations, shock, trauma, anxiety and depression placed a severe strain on mental health (MH) services. PURPOSE: This qualitative study describes the impact and acceptability of a Mental Health Training Program (MHTP) implemented in the north of Haiti after the earthquake. METHODS: A total of 113 healthcare workers (HCWs) participated in a training program designed to build local MH care capacity. The training curriculum draws on literature related to MH and the impact of the Haiti earthquake. Two focus groups were conducted with 16 HCWs; discussions centred on the personal and professional impact and acceptability of the training program. DISCUSSION: Results demonstrated that the MHTP changed the HCWs' perceptions about MH issues and provided them with the knowledge and skills to respond to growing community MH needs. Acceptability of the MHTP was related to the content covered, to the delivery mode of the content and to the cultural appropriateness of the program. CONCLUSIONS: Disasters of different types will continue to occur and to impact MH in communities around the world. MH training will allow nurses to quickly and effectively respond to disasters. A coordinated emergency plan that is subject to frequent review, rehearsal and evaluation is also essential.
Assuntos
Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Adulto , Fortalecimento Institucional , Terremotos , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Haiti , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Recursos HumanosRESUMO
Worldwide, and in Chile, the number of women living with HIV is increasing. Depression is considered a factor that interferes with HIV prevention. Depression may reach 41% among low-income Chilean women. Depressed people are less willing to participate in behaviours that protect them against HIV. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of Mano a Mano-Mujer (MM-M), and HIV prevention intervention, on depressive symptoms among Chilean women. A quasi-experimental design was used for this study. The research was conducted in Santiago, Chile; a total of 400 women participated in the study (intervention group, n=182; control group, n=218). The intervention was guided by the social-cognitive model and the primary health care model. The intervention consists of six 2-h sessions delivered in small groups. Sessions covered: HIV prevention, depression, partner's communication, and substance abuse. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Chilean women who participated in MM-M significantly decreased, at 3 months follow up, their reported depressive symptoms. MM-M provided significant benefits for women's depression symptoms. In this study nurses participated as leaders for the screening of depressive symptoms and as facilitators of community interventions.
Assuntos
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Chile , Transtorno Depressivo/complicações , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Entrevista Psicológica/métodos , Pobreza/psicologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/métodos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hispanic women aged 50 and over (OHW) are a minority in the U.S. at high risk of acquiring HIV and the least studied group of population in relation to health, social characteristics and sexual behavior. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors that increase HIV risk among OHW with the purpose of developing or adapting an intervention appropriate for their "age and culture". METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 50 OHW, sexually active and who residing in Miami, Florida, U.S. A structured questionnaire was administered by trained bilingual interviewers (English/Spanish). Participants were recruited from different locations in South Florida. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including central tendency and dispersion measures. RESULTS: OHW's mean age was 55.7 ± 6 years old (range 50-76 years old). All the OHW were in the menopause. HIV PREVENTION: OHW reported average levels of HIV knowledge and partner communication. In the sample OHW reported depression symptoms, intimate partner violence, negative attitudes towards people living with HIV and low perceived risk of acquiring HIV. OHW mentioned learning needs in topics related to HIV prevention and age changes. CONCLUSION: OHW are at risk of acquiring HIV and they have special needs in terms of HIV prevention.
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The cultural traditions of Mexican women living in the United States make it likely that some women promote their health and manage their symptoms using various herbal therapies, yet we know little about this phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare midlife Mexican women living in the U.S. who were or were not using herbal therapies with regard to the extent of their acculturation, beliefs about herbs, and factors associated with their utilization of health services. A convenience sample of 30 Mexican women between the ages of 40 and 56 years completed face-to-face interviews in either English or Spanish. Nearly half reported using herbal therapies. With the exception of positive beliefs about herbs, we found few differences between herbal users and nonusers on acculturation or access to, and satisfaction with, health services. Although acculturation did not appear to influence whether the women used herbal therapies, it did relate to the types of herbs selected. Women most commonly reported using herbs popular in traditional Mexican culture, including manzanilla (chamomile), savila (aloe vera), ajo (garlic), uña de gato (cat's claw), and yerba buena (spearmint).
Assuntos
Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Preparações de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Aculturação , Atitude , Feminino , Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This study describes risk behaviors among Puerto Rican women and identifies variables related to high-risk behavior, including sociodemographic status, knowledge about HIV and AIDS, religiosity, acculturation, and attitudes toward contraceptive use and homosexuality. Puerto Rican women (N = 121) were recruited through a community-based organization in Philadelphia. Respondents were an average of 30 years old; 21% were married and not separated, 79% were either single (50.9%), separated (14.3%), divorced (11.6%), or widowed (1.8%); 69% had 1-3 children. Most women (74%) were at moderate to high risk for AIDS. Results from logistic regression with a single independent variable yielded no statistical significance for the following variables: income, number of children, religiosity, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, AIDS knowledge, homophobia, Symptom Checklist-90-R, and Population Policy Questionnaire items. When the three acculturation variables consisting of a language score, an activity score, and a preference score were examined, however, the language score was highly statistically significant, with a p value of 0.0001. Its positive logistic regression coefficient indicates that AIDS risk increases as preference for English increases. Further research is needed of Latino women that studies other Latino subgroups, given that HIV prevalence varies across subgroups.