RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a neoplasm of B-cells characterized by variable prognosis. Exploring the proteome of CLL cells may provide insights into the disease. Therefore, eleven proteomics experiments were conducted on eleven primary CLL samples. RESULTS: We reported a CLL proteome consisting of 919 proteins (false discovery rate (FDR) 1%) whose identification was based on the sequencing of two or more distinct peptides (FDR of peptide sequencing 1%). Mass spectrometry-based protein identification was validated for four different proteins using Western blotting and specific antibodies in different CLL samples. Small sizes of nucleolin (~57 kDa and ~68 kDa) showed a potential association with good prognosis CLL cells (n = 8, p < 0.01). Compared with normal B-cells, CLL cells over-expressed thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 3 (THRAP3; n = 9; p = 0.00007), which is implicated in cell proliferation; and heterochromatin protein 1-binding protein 3 (HP1BP3; n = 10; p = 0.0002), which promotes cell survival and tumourogenesis. A smaller form of HP1BP3, which may correspond to HP1BP3 isoform-2, was specifically identified in normal B-cells (n = 10; p = 0.0001). HP1BP3 and THRAP3 predicted poor prognosis of CLL (p 0.05). Consistently, THRAP3 and HP1BP3 were found to be associated with cancer-related pathways (p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings add to the known proteome of CLL and confirm the prognostic importance of two novel cancer-associated proteins in this disease.
Assuntos
Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Espectrometria de Massas , Fatores de Transcrição/análise , Proteínas Nucleares/análise , Western Blotting , Cromatografia Líquida , Proteômica , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/análiseRESUMO
Recent studies examined the utility of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a nonlethal, noninvasive indicator of environmental contaminant exposure in oviparous wildlife. The CAM is a highly vascularized extraembryonic membrane that functions as a site for respiration, nutrient transport, and waste storage during embryonic development. After hatching, the CAM is usually discarded with the eggshell and can be used for chemical residue analysis. Chorioallantoic membranes have been used successfully to examine contaminant exposure and predict chemical concentrations in multiple species of birds and reptiles. In this study, we examined organochlorine (OC) pesticide concentrations in CAMs from eggs of Morelet's crocodiles (Crocodylus moreletii) from northern Belize. Multiple OCs were detected in crocodile CAMs, including aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), heptachlor, lindane, and methoxychlor. Number and concentrations of OC compounds in CAMs were variable. The most prevalent contaminant detected was DDE, which occurred in 69% of CAMs, with concentrations ranging from 0.3 parts per billion (ppb) to 17.0 ppb. The OC burdens in crocodile CAMs confirm contamination of eggs and suggest exposure in embryos and maternal females. These results further support the use of CAMs as qualitative indicators of OC exposure in oviparous wildlife. The efficacy of this sampling technique in the field will depend on the logistics and cost associated with CAM collection and the specific life history traits of the wildlife species.
Assuntos
Jacarés e Crocodilos/metabolismo , Membrana Corioalantoide/química , Ovos/análise , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Praguicidas/análise , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Belize , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluentes Ambientais/isolamento & purificação , Poluentes Ambientais/farmacocinética , Feminino , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/isolamento & purificação , Praguicidas/isolamento & purificação , Praguicidas/farmacocinética , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
A reconnaissance study was undertaken to determine potential contaminant exposures to children through soil from elementary school playgrounds. Soil samples were collected from areas along the Texas-Mexico border, inland areas (soils from elementary school yards in cities/towns within the state of Texas), and three National Parks (one on the border, one in Tennessee, and one in Washington). The present study focused on organochlorine (OC) pesticides as the potential contaminants of concern because of their historical (and possibly current) use, and their importance as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). DDE and heptachlor were the most frequently detected OCs (69 and 63%, respectively), although heptachlor concentrations in soil never exceeded 5 ppb. Relatively higher concentrations of DDE were observed in agricultural areas along the border (50-60 ppb in soils from McAllen, Palmview, and San Benito) than in other soils. However, a school yard in Lubbock, TX had the highest OC concentration observed (70 ppb dieldrin). These results may be due to historical agriculture activity prior to the banning of OC pesticides such as DDT in the early 1970s, as well as the more recent use of DDT in Central and South America for malaria control.