RESUMO
Mosquito collections were done on microfilaremic dogs, positive for Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy), for 15 consecutive nights in Celestun, Yucatan, southeastern Mexico, during January 2007. In total, 275 mosquitoes (3 male and 272 female) of five species were collected: Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), Ochlerotatus sollicitans (Walker), Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Culex interrogator (Dyar & Knab), and Aedes aegypti (L.). Oc. taeniorhynchus was the species most frequently collected, and it had the highest rate of feeding success and the highest attack rates. First (L1) and third (L3) instars of Dirofilaria were observed in all mosquito species collected except for Ae. aegypti: 23 of 223 Oc. taeniorhynchus, three of 40 Cx. quinquefasciatus, and one of six Oc. sollicitans and one of one Cx. interrogator were infected with Dirofilaria (10.3% of total examined mosquitoes). This is the first report of Dirofilaria (presumably D. immitis) isolation from wild-caught mosquitoes in Mexico. Results imply that D. immitis can develop from microfilaria to infective L3s in Oc. taeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Oc. sollicitans, but L3s (infectious) were only recovered in heads of Oc. taeniorhynchus. Thus, Oc. taeniorhynchus can be considered a potential vector of dirofilariasis in Celestun, because infective L3 Dirofilaria were found in the vicinity of the mouthparts, and this mosquito has a strong association with microfilaremic dogs in this study area.
Assuntos
Dirofilaria immitis/fisiologia , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Ochlerotatus/parasitologia , Animais , Dirofilariose/parasitologia , Dirofilariose/transmissão , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , Cães , Feminino , Larva , MéxicoRESUMO
Sporotrichosis is a chronic granulomatous mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus, Sporothrix schenckii. The most common manifestations of infection are lymphocutaneous and fixed-cutaneous types. In the case of immunosuppressed patients, and particularly in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), it occurs as disseminated cutaneous disease. This is a report of a 28-year-old male patient who presented with disseminated cutaneous and hematogenous sporotrichosis involving multiple ulcerative, nodular lesions in various body areas. Treatment consisted of 300 mg/d of itraconazole, which resulted in clinical and mycological cure.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Esporotricose/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Esporotricose/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study aims at giving theoretical aspects of the anxiety and discussing about the difficulty faced by nurses to evaluate the emotional state of the patient, considering that the theoretical basis of the nurse is not enough to interfere in this situation.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/etiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/psicologia , Ansiedade/enfermagem , Ansiedade/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Modelos Psicológicos , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Assistência Perioperatória/enfermagem , Assistência Perioperatória/psicologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The man confronting surgery and anesthesia, has hormonal alterations provoked by the anxiety, modulated by the cognitive evaluation done in the person that faces this situation and were accompanied by perceptible physiologic alterations. The goals of this study were to verify the influence of trate-anxiety and state-anxiety in psychobiological manifestation of patient in immediate post-operative period. The data were collected using trate and state anxiety inventary, two questionnaires to evaluate clinical conditions of 33 surgical patients. The data were collected in immediate pre-operative and post-operative periods. The results showed a significative correlation between trate and state anxiety in pre-operative period. There was no significative correlation among state anxiety in pre-operative period and clinical conditions in post-operative period. As conclusion, the correlation was no significative among trate anxiety, state anxiety and psychobiological manifestations in post-operative period.
Assuntos
Período de Recuperação da Anestesia , Anestesia/efeitos adversos , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Anestesia/psicologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , HumanosRESUMO
The quality in patient assistance concern has been more constant than the high complexity of patient treatment needed in an anaesthetic recovery room. Thinking that is necessary to have assurance and efficiency in any evaluation, which has to consider all endocrine and metabolic variations resulting from patient surgical trauma, may be suggested the standardization and criterization of evaluation methods to patient assistance, and of course the validation of them.
Assuntos
Avaliação em Enfermagem/métodos , Enfermagem em Pós-Anestésico/métodos , Humanos , Avaliação em Enfermagem/normas , Pesquisa em Avaliação de Enfermagem , Enfermagem em Pós-Anestésico/normas , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Sala de Recuperação , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
The goal of this study was to compare blood pressure measures using two sizes of cuffs: one standard width (12 cm) and other with correct width that is 0.38 of arm circumference as recommended by American Heart Association. The comparisons were done among surgical patients in mediate perioperative phase, reception area of operation room and postoperative phase during the staying of the patient in the recovery room. The results demonstrated that the arterial blood pressure was hypoestimated by the use of the standard width cuff, reaching values up 30 mmHg in the systolic arterial pressure and 30 mmHg in the diastolic ones.
Assuntos
Determinação da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Pressão Sanguínea , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Adolescente , Adulto , Período de Recuperação da Anestesia , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Período Intraoperatório , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Pré-OperatóriosRESUMO
This study describes the epidemiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in a sample of rural population of México. The study includes 137 communities from all over the country: 51 with 5001 to 15000. In each community ten families with one child under one year of age were followed. Each family was child under one year of age were followed. Each family was visited weekly by one physician from the local IMSS-COPLAMAR clinic in order to register frequency and characteristics of ARI in each family member. We followed 1359 families and observed 4796.9 persons-year. Eight thousand and two episodes of ARI were observed. The relative risk of getting ARI in children below two years of age was 2.8 and in severe malnourished was 1.8. The frequency of ARI was higher in large communities than in small ones. Eight six point eight percent of the episodes were upper respiratory infections, 95.3 percent of the cases cured, 4.6 became chronic and there were four deaths. Mortality rate was 0.8 per 1000 persons-year. Sixty nine point eight percent of the cases received antithermics, 49.3 percent antihistaminics and, 48.6 percent antibiotics.
Assuntos
Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Risco , População Rural , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
This paper shows the results of a study of acute diarrhoea (AD) in 137 rural communities in Mexico. We studied 51 communities with 1000 inhabitants or less, 45 communities with 1001 to 5000 inhabitants and, 41 with 5001 to 15000 inhabitants. All in all we observed 4,796.9 persons year during a period comprised from March 1982 to February 1983. In communities with more than 5000 inhabitants there occurred 0.85 episodes of AD per person-year, whereas in the smaller ones the incidence was only 0.58 episodes per person-year p less than 0.01). In small communities the frequency was higher in families with poor water supply and inadequate excreta disposal, whereas in large communities the frequency was not affected by such services. In 95.6 percent of the cases the episodes were self-limited within the first 14 days. There were seven deaths, five occurring in children under one year of age, six in children living in small communities and, five associated with dehydration. These results suggest that the size of the community constitutes a risk factor for AD in rural areas, which deserves to be explored in further studies. The lethality observed in small communities stresses the need of programs for better treatment of this frequent disease.