RESUMO

International food transit is a risk to public and animal health when not subject to legal importation sanitation procedures. Due to the extensive border area, illegal food import in Brazil is a common practice, especially in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), a state that borders with Argentina and Uruguay. The objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of Brazilians living in cities in RS that border with Argentina (BR-AR) or Uruguay (BR-UR) regarding the practice of illegal import of products of animal origin and to determine associations between the population characteristics and illegal import. A questionnaire with information related to the personal profile, habits of acquisition of imported food, and knowledge of health risks deriving from the consumption of the imported products was elaborated. The questionnaire was administered in six cities in RS (three cities bordering Argentina and three cities bordering Uruguay) and responses were obtained from 744 individuals. The variables city, sex, level of education, and knowledge were subjected to the chi-square test to verify the association between these variables and food import. Part of the interviewees admitted to illegally importing products of animal origin at both BR-AR (65.17%) and BR-UR (76.28%) borders. Dairy products were the main imported goods, followed by raw and processed meat. The study revealed that illegal import is common at the frontier region of RS, especially that of products of animal origin, dairy, and raw and processed meat. Although illegal importation occurs at all the cities under study, it was higher at the BR-UR border. Also, knowledge of the health risks influences the decision to import food or not.

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Risks of the introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 through migratory birds to the main wintering site for wild birds in southern Brazil and its consequences were assessed. Likelihoods were estimated by a qualitative scale ranging from negligible to high. Northern migrants that breed in Alaska and regularly migrate to South America (primary Charadriiformes) can have contact with birds from affected areas in Asia. The likelihood of the introduction of HPAI H5N1 through migratory birds was found to be very low as it is a probability conditioned to successful transmission in breeding areas and the probabilities of an infected bird migrating and shedding the virus as far as southern Brazil. The probability of wild species becoming exposed to H5N1-infected birds is high as they nest with northern migrants from Alaska, whereas for backyard poultry it is moderate to high depending on proximity to wetlands and the presence of species that could increase the likelihood of contact with wild birds such as domestic duck. The magnitude of the biological and economic consequences of successful transmission to poultry or wild birds would be low to severe depending on the probability of the occurrence of outbreak scenarios described. As a result, the risk estimate is greater than negligible, and HPAI H5N1 prevention strategy in the region should always be carefully considered by the veterinary services in Brazil.

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A leptospirose é uma das principais enfermidades responsáveis pela baixa produtividade nos sistemas pecuários bovinos, sendo associada à redução na produção de leite, infertilidade, aborto, natimortalidade, além de aumento nos custos com despesas de assistência veterinária, vacinas e testes laboratoriais. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar dados laboratoriais de sorologia para leptospirose bovina no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, durante um período de 1996 a 2006, visando detectar tendências na frequência de reagentes e gerar hipóteses sobre a variação da frequência de soropositivos ao longo deste período. Análises de regressão linear e modelo linear generalizado foram realizadas para detectar tendências e verificar fatores que influenciam na frequência de soropositivos, respectivamente. Durante o período de 11 anos, foram analisadas 18.806 amostras de soro, sendo que 9.385 resultaram positivas (49,9%). A análise da série temporal por sorovar revelou uma tendência linear crescente estatisticamente significativa na frequência dos seguintes sorovares: Australis, Autumnalis, Bratislava, Copenhageni, Grippotyphosa, Pyrogenes e Tarassovi (p < 0,01). Por outro lado, foi observada uma tendência decrescente estatisticamente significativa na frequência dos sorovares Hardjo e Wolffi (p < 0,01) ao longo do período avaliado. Houve uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre índices pluviométricos (mm) e o número de soropositivos para Leptospira spp. (p = 0,01, OR = 1,003).

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that causes losses of productivity in cattle due to reduction of milk production, reproductive disorders and calf mortality, while also increasing costs associated with veterinary care, vaccines and diagnostic tests. The objective of this study was to analyze serological findings for bovine leptospirosis in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in order to detect temporal trends in the frequency of seropositive animals and to generate hypothesis about the fluctuation in seroprevalence along the period from 1996 to 2006. Simple linear regression and generalized linear models were used to analyze trends and verify factors influencing the frequency of seropositive animals, respectively. During 11 years, 18,806 serum samples were analyzed, in which 9,385 were positive (49.9%). The time-series analysis by serovars revealed a statistically significant increasing trend in the frequency of the following serovars: Australis, Autumnalis, Bratislava, Copenhageni, Grippotyphosa, Pyrogenes and Tarassovi (p < 0.01). Conversely, a statistically significant decreasing trend was observed for the serovars Hardjo and Wolffi (p < 0.01). There was a significant association between rain precipitation (mm) and the number of samples seropositive for leptospirosis (p = 0.01, OR = 1,003).

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ABSTRACT Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that causes losses of productivity in cattle due to reduction of milk production, reproductive disorders and calf mortality, while also increasing costs associated with veterinary care, vaccines and diagnostic tests. The objective of this study was to analyze serological findings for bovine leptospirosis in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in order to detect temporal trends in the frequency of seropositive animals and to generate hypothesis about the fluctuation in seroprevalence along the period from 1996 to 2006. Simple linear regression and generalized linear models were used to analyze trends and verify factors influencing the frequency of seropositive animals, respectively. During 11 years, 18,806 serum samples were analyzed, in which 9,385 were positive (49.9%). The time-series analysis by serovars revealed a statistically significant increasing trend in the frequency of the following serovars: Australis, Autumnalis, Bratislava, Copenhageni, Grippotyphosa, Pyrogenes and Tarassovi (p 0.01). Conversely, a statistically significant decreasing trend was observed for the serovars Hardjo and Wolffi (p 0.01). There was a significant association between rain precipitation (mm) and the number of samples seropositive for leptospirosis (p = 0.01, OR = 1,003).

RESUMO A leptospirose é uma das principais enfermidades responsáveis pela baixa produtividade nos sistemas pecuários bovinos, sendo associada à redução na produção de leite, infertilidade, aborto, natimortalidade, além de aumento nos custos com despesas de assistência veterinária, vacinas e testes laboratoriais. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar dados laboratoriais de sorologia para leptospirose bovina no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, durante um período de 1996 a 2006, visando detectar tendências na frequência de reagentes e gerar hipóteses sobre a variação da frequência de soropositivos ao longo deste período. Análises de regressão linear e modelo linear generalizado foram realizadas para detectar tendências e verificar fatores que influenciam na frequência de soropositivos, respectivamente. Durante o período de 11 anos, foram analisadas 18.806 amostras de soro, sendo que 9.385 resultaram positivas (49,9%). A análise da série temporal por sorovar revelou uma tendência linear crescente estatisticamente significativa na frequência dos seguintes sorovares: Australis, Autumnalis, Bratislava, Copenhageni, Grippotyphosa, Pyrogenes e Tarassovi (p 0,01). Por outro lado, foi observada uma tendência decrescente estatisticamente significativa na frequência dos sorovares Hardjo e Wolffi (p 0,01) ao longo do período avaliado. Houve uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre índices pluviométricos (mm) e o número de soropositivos para Leptospira spp. (p = 0,01, OR = 1,003).

RESUMO

Ascites is rare in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). It may be due to diverse mechanisms, most frequently because of an increased permeability of the peritoneum or because of portal hypertension due to liver infiltration. Myelomatous ascites occurs more frequently in patients having Ig-G or Ig-A paraprotein and their prognosis is poor. It is submitted the case of a female patient aged 50 years with IgA-kappa MM, who evolved with cardiac failure (CF), plasma cells leukemia and ascites of mixed cause, because of peritoneal infiltrate of myelomatous cells, hepatic compromise and CF. A review of the different causes of ascites in patients with MM is performed. There are also summarized all myelomatous ascites cases published in the literature. Our report presents the first case of myelomatous ascites in a patient with plasma cells leukemia.

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Einstein's sign is a syndrome similar to an acute cholecystitis caused by the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. In this paper we describe the evolution of the disease that the physicist suffered till it led him to death. We also revise other signs which could be found in some patients with ruptured or dissected abdominal aortic aneurysm.

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El objetivo fue establecer la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en adultos de ambos sexos en la comunidad aborigen Wichi-Chorote de Santa Victoria Este, Provincia de Salta, Argentina. Se midió la presión arterial a personas mayores de 18 años de ambos sexos, en posición sentada luego de 5 minutos de reposo con esfingomanómetro calibrado. La población evaluada fue de 522 adultos, 318 mujeres y 204 hombres, con una media de edad de 43.5 años (DS 16.31). La presión arterial sistólica (PAS) media fue de 125.21 mm Hg (DS 22.74) y la presión arterial diastólica (PAD) media de 76.34 mm Hg (DS 12.57). El 35% de las personas evaluadas presentaron valores de normotensión (<120/80), el 37% de pre-hipertensión (PAS 120-139 o PAD 80-89) y el 28% de HTA (>140/90). Treinta y un porciento de los hombres (media de edad: 43.93 ± 17.11, PAS media: 126.81 ± 22.61 y PAD media: 77.80 ± 13.33) y 27% de las mujeres (media de edad: 42.93 ± 16.3, PAS media: 124.92 ± 24.02 y PAD media: 75.28 ± 12.57) presentaron cifras de HTA así como el 59% de los mayores de 65 años (58 gerontes evaluados, media de edad de 73.15 ± 6.36, PAS media 144.81 ± 28.72 y PAD media 79.68 ± 13.17). La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en esta comunidad aborigen inmersa en un ámbito rural y con condiciones geográficas y socioeconómicas desfavorables es muy similar a la descripta para una sociedad desarrollada y urbanizada como EE.UU., pero inferior a la descripta para habitantes de áreas rurales como capitales provinciales de nuestro país. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

El objetivo fue establecer la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en adultos de ambos sexos en la comunidad aborigen Wichi-Chorote de Santa Victoria Este, Provincia de Salta, Argentina. Se midió la presión arterial a personas mayores de 18 años de ambos sexos, en posición sentada luego de 5 minutos de reposo con esfingomanómetro calibrado. La población evaluada fue de 522 adultos, 318 mujeres y 204 hombres, con una media de edad de 43.5 años (DS 16.31). La presión arterial sistólica (PAS) media fue de 125.21 mm Hg (DS 22.74) y la presión arterial diastólica (PAD) media de 76.34 mm Hg (DS 12.57). El 35% de las personas evaluadas presentaron valores de normotensión (<120/80), el 37% de pre-hipertensión (PAS 120-139 o PAD 80-89) y el 28% de HTA (>140/90). Treinta y un porciento de los hombres (media de edad: 43.93 ± 17.11, PAS media: 126.81 ± 22.61 y PAD media: 77.80 ± 13.33) y 27% de las mujeres (media de edad: 42.93 ± 16.3, PAS media: 124.92 ± 24.02 y PAD media: 75.28 ± 12.57) presentaron cifras de HTA así como el 59% de los mayores de 65 años (58 gerontes evaluados, media de edad de 73.15 ± 6.36, PAS media 144.81 ± 28.72 y PAD media 79.68 ± 13.17). La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en esta comunidad aborigen inmersa en un ámbito rural y con condiciones geográficas y socioeconómicas desfavorables es muy similar a la descripta para una sociedad desarrollada y urbanizada como EE.UU., pero inferior a la descripta para habitantes de áreas rurales como capitales provinciales de nuestro país.

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