Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Esplenopatias/complicações , Esplenopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/complicações , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/diagnóstico , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/diagnóstico por imagem , Bartonella henselae/isolamento & purificação , Abscesso/diagnóstico , Baço/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage (SE/IVH) is a frequent cause of disability and mortality. METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind study which included 100 pregnant Mexican women who need to interrupt their pregnancy within 28-32 weeks of gestation. One group was given a single dose of intravenous (IV) phenobarbital 10 micrograms/kg (phenobarbital group, n = 50), and the other was provided with diluted distilled water (control group). Measurements of phenobarbital serum concentrations were taken by both mother and newborn, and head sonograms were applied during the first 24 hours, at the 3rd and 7th days of life. RESULTS: The sample was made up of 42 newborns in the phenobarbital group, and 46 in the control group; the newborns had phenobarbital levels of 11.5 5.7 g/microliter at birth, and of 9.5 +/- 5.9 g/microliter 24 hours later. SE/IVH was found in 12 patients from the phenobarbital group and in 29 from the control group (p < 0.005), the first group were 11 mild SE/IVH (2 grade I, and 9 grade II), and 26 in the control group (4 grade I, and 22 grade II), p < 0.005. Severe hemorrhages were similar between groups. A larger frequency of SE/IVH was found in the newborn group which received mechanical ventilation (p = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal phenobarbital can reduce the SE/IVH frequency in premature infants younger than 32 weeks at birth. Its main effect could be shown in patients with mechanical ventilation.
Assuntos
Hemorragia Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Fenobarbital/uso terapêutico , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Adulto , Ventrículos Cerebrais , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , México , Fenobarbital/administração & dosagem , Gravidez , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
The use of alcohol, tobacco, marihuana, cocaine, and bazuco was examined in a cross-sectional study of a random sample of 512 secondary-school students enrolled in public and private schools in Cali, Colombia. The overall prevalence of use for any of these substances was 59.38% in the public schools and 36.96% in the private schools (z = 4.6, P less than 0.05). The probability of finding an alcohol user was about 55.26%. The frequency of use for all the substances was 18.9% in the public schools and 7.46% in the private ones. Experience with marihuana, cocaine, and bazuco was more frequent in the public schools. The average age of users (19.91 years) was higher than that of non-users (16.25 years): t = 8.34, P less than 0.05. Students in the public schools with a family history of mental illness had almost a ninefold greater risk of being substance users (RR = 8.84, IC 95% = 1.22-3.37); among students in the private schools, having personal conflicts with authority figures (teachers and the police) was a significant risk factor (RR = 2.03, IC 95% = 1.22-3.37).